/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.oxm.jaxb;

import java.awt.Image;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.DataSource;
import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.MarshalException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.UnmarshalException;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.ValidationEventHandler;
import javax.xml.bind.ValidationException;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.adapters.XmlAdapter;
import javax.xml.bind.attachment.AttachmentMarshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.attachment.AttachmentUnmarshaller;
import javax.xml.datatype.Duration;
import javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventWriter;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stax.StAXSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.ls.LSResourceResolver;
import org.xml.sax.EntityResolver;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.oxm.GenericMarshaller;
import org.springframework.oxm.GenericUnmarshaller;
import org.springframework.oxm.MarshallingFailureException;
import org.springframework.oxm.UncategorizedMappingException;
import org.springframework.oxm.UnmarshallingFailureException;
import org.springframework.oxm.ValidationFailureException;
import org.springframework.oxm.XmlMappingException;
import org.springframework.oxm.mime.MimeContainer;
import org.springframework.oxm.mime.MimeMarshaller;
import org.springframework.oxm.mime.MimeUnmarshaller;
import org.springframework.oxm.support.SaxResourceUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.FileCopyUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.util.xml.StaxUtils;

Implementation of the GenericMarshaller interface for JAXB 2.2. 
The typical usage will be to set either the "contextPath" or the "classesToBeBound"
property on this bean, possibly customize the marshaller and unmarshaller by setting
properties, schemas, adapters, and listeners, and to refer to it.
Author:
Arjen Poutsma, Juergen Hoeller, Rossen Stoyanchev
See Also:
setContextPath(String)
setClassesToBeBound(Class<?>[])
setJaxbContextProperties(Map<String,?>)
setMarshallerProperties(Map<String,?>)
setUnmarshallerProperties(Map<String,?>)
setSchema(Resource)
setSchemas(Resource[])
setMarshallerListener(Listener)
setUnmarshallerListener(Listener)
setAdapters(XmlAdapter<?,?>[])
Since:
3.0/**
 * Implementation of the {@code GenericMarshaller} interface for JAXB 2.2.
 *
 * <p>The typical usage will be to set either the "contextPath" or the "classesToBeBound"
 * property on this bean, possibly customize the marshaller and unmarshaller by setting
 * properties, schemas, adapters, and listeners, and to refer to it.
 *
 * @author Arjen Poutsma
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rossen Stoyanchev
 * @since 3.0
 * @see #setContextPath(String)
 * @see #setClassesToBeBound(Class[])
 * @see #setJaxbContextProperties(Map)
 * @see #setMarshallerProperties(Map)
 * @see #setUnmarshallerProperties(Map)
 * @see #setSchema(Resource)
 * @see #setSchemas(Resource[])
 * @see #setMarshallerListener(javax.xml.bind.Marshaller.Listener)
 * @see #setUnmarshallerListener(javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller.Listener)
 * @see #setAdapters(XmlAdapter[])
 */
public class Jaxb2Marshaller implements MimeMarshaller, MimeUnmarshaller, GenericMarshaller, GenericUnmarshaller,
		BeanClassLoaderAware, InitializingBean {

	private static final String CID = "cid:";

	private static final EntityResolver NO_OP_ENTITY_RESOLVER =
			(publicId, systemId) -> new InputSource(new StringReader(""));


	
Logger available to subclasses. /** Logger available to subclasses. */
	protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

	@Nullable
	private String contextPath;

	@Nullable
	private Class<?>[] classesToBeBound;

	@Nullable
	private String[] packagesToScan;

	@Nullable
	private Map<String, ?> jaxbContextProperties;

	@Nullable
	private Map<String, ?> marshallerProperties;

	@Nullable
	private Map<String, ?> unmarshallerProperties;

	@Nullable
	private Marshaller.Listener marshallerListener;

	@Nullable
	private Unmarshaller.Listener unmarshallerListener;

	@Nullable
	private ValidationEventHandler validationEventHandler;

	@Nullable
	private XmlAdapter<?, ?>[] adapters;

	@Nullable
	private Resource[] schemaResources;

	private String schemaLanguage = XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI;

	@Nullable
	private LSResourceResolver schemaResourceResolver;

	private boolean lazyInit = false;

	private boolean mtomEnabled = false;

	private boolean supportJaxbElementClass = false;

	private boolean checkForXmlRootElement = true;

	@Nullable
	private Class<?> mappedClass;

	@Nullable
	private ClassLoader beanClassLoader;

	private final Object jaxbContextMonitor = new Object();

	@Nullable
	private volatile JAXBContext jaxbContext;

	@Nullable
	private Schema schema;

	private boolean supportDtd = false;

	private boolean processExternalEntities = false;


	
Set multiple JAXB context paths. The given array of context paths gets
converted to a colon-delimited string, as supported by JAXB.
/**
	 * Set multiple JAXB context paths. The given array of context paths gets
	 * converted to a colon-delimited string, as supported by JAXB.
	 */
	public void setContextPaths(String... contextPaths) {
		Assert.notEmpty(contextPaths, "'contextPaths' must not be empty");
		this.contextPath = StringUtils.arrayToDelimitedString(contextPaths, ":");
	}

	
Set a JAXB context path.
Setting either this property, "classesToBeBound" or "packagesToScan" is required. /**
	 * Set a JAXB context path.
	 * <p>Setting either this property, {@link #setClassesToBeBound "classesToBeBound"}
	 * or {@link #setPackagesToScan "packagesToScan"} is required.
	 */
	public void setContextPath(@Nullable String contextPath) {
		this.contextPath = contextPath;
	}

	
Return the JAXB context path.
/**
	 * Return the JAXB context path.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public String getContextPath() {
		return this.contextPath;
	}

	
Set the list of Java classes to be recognized by a newly created JAXBContext.
Setting either this property, "contextPath" or "packagesToScan" is required. /**
	 * Set the list of Java classes to be recognized by a newly created JAXBContext.
	 * <p>Setting either this property, {@link #setContextPath "contextPath"}
	 * or {@link #setPackagesToScan "packagesToScan"} is required.
	 */
	public void setClassesToBeBound(@Nullable Class<?>... classesToBeBound) {
		this.classesToBeBound = classesToBeBound;
	}

	
Return the list of Java classes to be recognized by a newly created JAXBContext.
/**
	 * Return the list of Java classes to be recognized by a newly created JAXBContext.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public Class<?>[] getClassesToBeBound() {
		return this.classesToBeBound;
	}

	
Set the packages to search for classes with JAXB2 annotations in the classpath. This is using a Spring-bases search and therefore analogous to Spring's component-scan feature (ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner). 
Setting either this property, "contextPath" or "classesToBeBound" is required. /**
	 * Set the packages to search for classes with JAXB2 annotations in the classpath.
	 * This is using a Spring-bases search and therefore analogous to Spring's component-scan
	 * feature ({@link org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner}).
	 * <p>Setting either this property, {@link #setContextPath "contextPath"}
	 * or {@link #setClassesToBeBound "classesToBeBound"} is required.
	 */
	public void setPackagesToScan(@Nullable String... packagesToScan) {
		this.packagesToScan = packagesToScan;
	}

	
Return the packages to search for JAXB2 annotations.
/**
	 * Return the packages to search for JAXB2 annotations.
	 */
	@Nullable
	public String[] getPackagesToScan() {
		return this.packagesToScan;
	}

	
Set the JAXBContext properties. These implementation-specific properties will be set on the underlying JAXBContext. /**
	 * Set the {@code JAXBContext} properties. These implementation-specific
	 * properties will be set on the underlying {@code JAXBContext}.
	 */
	public void setJaxbContextProperties(Map<String, ?> jaxbContextProperties) {
		this.jaxbContextProperties = jaxbContextProperties;
	}

	
Set the JAXB Marshaller properties. These properties will be set on the underlying JAXB Marshaller, and allow for features such as indentation. 
Params:
properties – the properties
See Also:
Marshaller.setProperty(String, Object)
Marshaller.JAXB_ENCODING
Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT
Marshaller.JAXB_NO_NAMESPACE_SCHEMA_LOCATION
Marshaller.JAXB_SCHEMA_LOCATION/**
	 * Set the JAXB {@code Marshaller} properties. These properties will be set on the
	 * underlying JAXB {@code Marshaller}, and allow for features such as indentation.
	 * @param properties the properties
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Marshaller#setProperty(String, Object)
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Marshaller#JAXB_ENCODING
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Marshaller#JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Marshaller#JAXB_NO_NAMESPACE_SCHEMA_LOCATION
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Marshaller#JAXB_SCHEMA_LOCATION
	 */
	public void setMarshallerProperties(Map<String, ?> properties) {
		this.marshallerProperties = properties;
	}

	
Set the JAXB Unmarshaller properties. These properties will be set on the underlying JAXB Unmarshaller. 
Params:
properties – the properties
See Also:
Unmarshaller.setProperty(String, Object)/**
	 * Set the JAXB {@code Unmarshaller} properties. These properties will be set on the
	 * underlying JAXB {@code Unmarshaller}.
	 * @param properties the properties
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller#setProperty(String, Object)
	 */
	public void setUnmarshallerProperties(Map<String, ?> properties) {
		this.unmarshallerProperties = properties;
	}

	
Specify the Marshaller.Listener to be registered with the JAXB Marshaller. /**
	 * Specify the {@code Marshaller.Listener} to be registered with the JAXB {@code Marshaller}.
	 */
	public void setMarshallerListener(Marshaller.Listener marshallerListener) {
		this.marshallerListener = marshallerListener;
	}

	
Set the Unmarshaller.Listener to be registered with the JAXB Unmarshaller. /**
	 * Set the {@code Unmarshaller.Listener} to be registered with the JAXB {@code Unmarshaller}.
	 */
	public void setUnmarshallerListener(Unmarshaller.Listener unmarshallerListener) {
		this.unmarshallerListener = unmarshallerListener;
	}

	
Set the JAXB validation event handler. This event handler will be called by JAXB
if any validation errors are encountered during calls to any of the marshal APIs.
/**
	 * Set the JAXB validation event handler. This event handler will be called by JAXB
	 * if any validation errors are encountered during calls to any of the marshal APIs.
	 */
	public void setValidationEventHandler(ValidationEventHandler validationEventHandler) {
		this.validationEventHandler = validationEventHandler;
	}

	
Specify the XmlAdapters to be registered with the JAXB Marshaller and Unmarshaller. /**
	 * Specify the {@code XmlAdapter}s to be registered with the JAXB {@code Marshaller}
	 * and {@code Unmarshaller}.
	 */
	public void setAdapters(XmlAdapter<?, ?>... adapters) {
		this.adapters = adapters;
	}

	
Set the schema resource to use for validation.
/**
	 * Set the schema resource to use for validation.
	 */
	public void setSchema(Resource schemaResource) {
		this.schemaResources = new Resource[] {schemaResource};
	}

	
Set the schema resources to use for validation.
/**
	 * Set the schema resources to use for validation.
	 */
	public void setSchemas(Resource... schemaResources) {
		this.schemaResources = schemaResources;
	}

	
Set the schema language. Default is the W3C XML Schema: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema". 
See Also:
XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI
XMLConstants.RELAXNG_NS_URI/**
	 * Set the schema language. Default is the W3C XML Schema: {@code http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"}.
	 * @see XMLConstants#W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI
	 * @see XMLConstants#RELAXNG_NS_URI
	 */
	public void setSchemaLanguage(String schemaLanguage) {
		this.schemaLanguage = schemaLanguage;
	}

	
Set the resource resolver, as used to load the schema resources.
See Also:
setResourceResolver.setResourceResolver(LSResourceResolver)
setSchema(Resource)
setSchemas(Resource[])/**
	 * Set the resource resolver, as used to load the schema resources.
	 * @see SchemaFactory#setResourceResolver(org.w3c.dom.ls.LSResourceResolver)
	 * @see #setSchema(Resource)
	 * @see #setSchemas(Resource[])
	 */
	public void setSchemaResourceResolver(LSResourceResolver schemaResourceResolver) {
		this.schemaResourceResolver = schemaResourceResolver;
	}

	
Set whether to lazily initialize the JAXBContext for this marshaller. Default is false to initialize on startup; can be switched to true. 
Early initialization just applies if afterPropertiesSet() is called. /**
	 * Set whether to lazily initialize the {@link JAXBContext} for this marshaller.
	 * Default is {@code false} to initialize on startup; can be switched to {@code true}.
	 * <p>Early initialization just applies if {@link #afterPropertiesSet()} is called.
	 */
	public void setLazyInit(boolean lazyInit) {
		this.lazyInit = lazyInit;
	}

	
Specify whether MTOM support should be enabled or not. Default is false: marshalling using XOP/MTOM not being enabled. /**
	 * Specify whether MTOM support should be enabled or not.
	 * Default is {@code false}: marshalling using XOP/MTOM not being enabled.
	 */
	public void setMtomEnabled(boolean mtomEnabled) {
		this.mtomEnabled = mtomEnabled;
	}

	
Specify whether the supports(Class<?>) returns true for the JAXBElement class. 
Default is false, meaning that supports(Class) always returns false for JAXBElement classes (though supports(Type) can return true, since it can obtain the type parameters of JAXBElement). 
This property is typically enabled in combination with usage of classes like MarshallingView, since the ModelAndView does not offer type parameter information at runtime. 
See Also:
supports(Class<?>)
supports(Type)/**
	 * Specify whether the {@link #supports(Class)} returns {@code true} for the {@link JAXBElement} class.
	 * <p>Default is {@code false}, meaning that {@code supports(Class)} always returns {@code false} for
	 * {@code JAXBElement} classes (though {@link #supports(Type)} can return {@code true}, since it can
	 * obtain the type parameters of {@code JAXBElement}).
	 * <p>This property is typically enabled in combination with usage of classes like
	 * {@link org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView MarshallingView},
	 * since the {@code ModelAndView} does not offer type parameter information at runtime.
	 * @see #supports(Class)
	 * @see #supports(Type)
	 */
	public void setSupportJaxbElementClass(boolean supportJaxbElementClass) {
		this.supportJaxbElementClass = supportJaxbElementClass;
	}

	
Specify whether the supports(Class<?>) should check for @XmlRootElement annotations. 
Default is true, meaning that supports(Class) will check for this annotation. However, some JAXB implementations (i.e. EclipseLink MOXy) allow for defining the bindings in an external definition file, thus keeping the classes annotations free. Setting this property to false supports these JAXB implementations. 
See Also:
supports(Class<?>)
supports(Type)/**
	 * Specify whether the {@link #supports(Class)} should check for
	 * {@link XmlRootElement @XmlRootElement} annotations.
	 * <p>Default is {@code true}, meaning that {@code supports(Class)} will check for
	 * this annotation. However, some JAXB implementations (i.e. EclipseLink MOXy) allow
	 * for defining the bindings in an external definition file, thus keeping the classes
	 * annotations free. Setting this property to {@code false} supports these
	 * JAXB implementations.
	 * @see #supports(Class)
	 * @see #supports(Type)
	 */
	public void setCheckForXmlRootElement(boolean checkForXmlRootElement) {
		this.checkForXmlRootElement = checkForXmlRootElement;
	}

	
Specify a JAXB mapped class for partial unmarshalling.
See Also:
unmarshal.unmarshal(Source, Class)/**
	 * Specify a JAXB mapped class for partial unmarshalling.
	 * @see javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller#unmarshal(javax.xml.transform.Source, Class)
	 */
	public void setMappedClass(Class<?> mappedClass) {
		this.mappedClass = mappedClass;
	}

	
Indicates whether DTD parsing should be supported.
Default is false meaning that DTD is disabled. /**
	 * Indicates whether DTD parsing should be supported.
	 * <p>Default is {@code false} meaning that DTD is disabled.
	 */
	public void setSupportDtd(boolean supportDtd) {
		this.supportDtd = supportDtd;
	}

	
Whether DTD parsing is supported.
/**
	 * Whether DTD parsing is supported.
	 */
	public boolean isSupportDtd() {
		return this.supportDtd;
	}

	
Indicates whether external XML entities are processed when unmarshalling.
Default is false, meaning that external entities are not resolved. Note that processing of external entities will only be enabled/disabled when the Source passed to unmarshal(Source) is a SAXSource or StreamSource. It has no effect for DOMSource or StAXSource instances. 
Note: setting this option to true also automatically sets setSupportDtd to true. /**
	 * Indicates whether external XML entities are processed when unmarshalling.
	 * <p>Default is {@code false}, meaning that external entities are not resolved.
	 * Note that processing of external entities will only be enabled/disabled when the
	 * {@code Source} passed to {@link #unmarshal(Source)} is a {@link SAXSource} or
	 * {@link StreamSource}. It has no effect for {@link DOMSource} or {@link StAXSource}
	 * instances.
	 * <p><strong>Note:</strong> setting this option to {@code true} also
	 * automatically sets {@link #setSupportDtd} to {@code true}.
	 */
	public void setProcessExternalEntities(boolean processExternalEntities) {
		this.processExternalEntities = processExternalEntities;
		if (processExternalEntities) {
			setSupportDtd(true);
		}
	}

	
Returns the configured value for whether XML external entities are allowed.
/**
	 * Returns the configured value for whether XML external entities are allowed.
	 */
	public boolean isProcessExternalEntities() {
		return this.processExternalEntities;
	}


	@Override
	public void setBeanClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
		this.beanClassLoader = classLoader;
	}


	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		boolean hasContextPath = StringUtils.hasLength(this.contextPath);
		boolean hasClassesToBeBound = !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.classesToBeBound);
		boolean hasPackagesToScan = !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.packagesToScan);

		if (hasContextPath && (hasClassesToBeBound || hasPackagesToScan) ||
				(hasClassesToBeBound && hasPackagesToScan)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Specify either 'contextPath', 'classesToBeBound', " +
					"or 'packagesToScan'");
		}
		if (!hasContextPath && !hasClassesToBeBound && !hasPackagesToScan) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Setting either 'contextPath', 'classesToBeBound', " + "or 'packagesToScan' is required");
		}
		if (!this.lazyInit) {
			getJaxbContext();
		}
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.schemaResources)) {
			this.schema = loadSchema(this.schemaResources, this.schemaLanguage);
		}
	}

	
Return the JAXBContext used by this marshaller, lazily building it if necessary.
/**
	 * Return the JAXBContext used by this marshaller, lazily building it if necessary.
	 */
	public JAXBContext getJaxbContext() {
		JAXBContext context = this.jaxbContext;
		if (context != null) {
			return context;
		}
		synchronized (this.jaxbContextMonitor) {
			context = this.jaxbContext;
			if (context == null) {
				try {
					if (StringUtils.hasLength(this.contextPath)) {
						context = createJaxbContextFromContextPath(this.contextPath);
					}
					else if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.classesToBeBound)) {
						context = createJaxbContextFromClasses(this.classesToBeBound);
					}
					else if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.packagesToScan)) {
						context = createJaxbContextFromPackages(this.packagesToScan);
					}
					else {
						context = JAXBContext.newInstance();
					}
					this.jaxbContext = context;
				}
				catch (JAXBException ex) {
					throw convertJaxbException(ex);
				}
			}
			return context;
		}
	}

	private JAXBContext createJaxbContextFromContextPath(String contextPath) throws JAXBException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Creating JAXBContext with context path [" + this.contextPath + "]");
		}
		if (this.jaxbContextProperties != null) {
			if (this.beanClassLoader != null) {
				return JAXBContext.newInstance(contextPath, this.beanClassLoader, this.jaxbContextProperties);
			}
			else {
				// analogous to the JAXBContext.newInstance(String) implementation
				return JAXBContext.newInstance(contextPath, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),
						this.jaxbContextProperties);
			}
		}
		else {
			if (this.beanClassLoader != null) {
				return JAXBContext.newInstance(contextPath, this.beanClassLoader);
			}
			else {
				return JAXBContext.newInstance(contextPath);
			}
		}
	}

	private JAXBContext createJaxbContextFromClasses(Class<?>... classesToBeBound) throws JAXBException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Creating JAXBContext with classes to be bound [" +
					StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(classesToBeBound) + "]");
		}
		if (this.jaxbContextProperties != null) {
			return JAXBContext.newInstance(classesToBeBound, this.jaxbContextProperties);
		}
		else {
			return JAXBContext.newInstance(classesToBeBound);
		}
	}

	private JAXBContext createJaxbContextFromPackages(String... packagesToScan) throws JAXBException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Creating JAXBContext by scanning packages [" +
					StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(packagesToScan) + "]");
		}
		ClassPathJaxb2TypeScanner scanner = new ClassPathJaxb2TypeScanner(this.beanClassLoader, packagesToScan);
		Class<?>[] jaxb2Classes = scanner.scanPackages();
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Found JAXB2 classes: [" + StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(jaxb2Classes) + "]");
		}
		this.classesToBeBound = jaxb2Classes;
		if (this.jaxbContextProperties != null) {
			return JAXBContext.newInstance(jaxb2Classes, this.jaxbContextProperties);
		}
		else {
			return JAXBContext.newInstance(jaxb2Classes);
		}
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")  // on JDK 9
	private Schema loadSchema(Resource[] resources, String schemaLanguage) throws IOException, SAXException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Setting validation schema to " +
					StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(this.schemaResources));
		}
		Assert.notEmpty(resources, "No resources given");
		Assert.hasLength(schemaLanguage, "No schema language provided");
		Source[] schemaSources = new Source[resources.length];
		XMLReader xmlReader = org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader();
		xmlReader.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/namespace-prefixes", true);
		for (int i = 0; i < resources.length; i++) {
			Resource resource = resources[i];
			Assert.isTrue(resource != null && resource.exists(), () -> "Resource does not exist: " + resource);
			InputSource inputSource = SaxResourceUtils.createInputSource(resource);
			schemaSources[i] = new SAXSource(xmlReader, inputSource);
		}
		SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(schemaLanguage);
		if (this.schemaResourceResolver != null) {
			schemaFactory.setResourceResolver(this.schemaResourceResolver);
		}
		return schemaFactory.newSchema(schemaSources);
	}


	@Override
	public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
		return (this.supportJaxbElementClass && JAXBElement.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) ||
				supportsInternal(clazz, this.checkForXmlRootElement);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supports(Type genericType) {
		if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
			ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
			if (JAXBElement.class == parameterizedType.getRawType() &&
					parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments().length == 1) {
				Type typeArgument = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
				if (typeArgument instanceof Class) {
					Class<?> classArgument = (Class<?>) typeArgument;
					return ((classArgument.isArray() && Byte.TYPE == classArgument.getComponentType()) ||
							isPrimitiveWrapper(classArgument) || isStandardClass(classArgument) ||
							supportsInternal(classArgument, false));
				}
				else if (typeArgument instanceof GenericArrayType) {
					GenericArrayType arrayType = (GenericArrayType) typeArgument;
					return (Byte.TYPE == arrayType.getGenericComponentType());
				}
			}
		}
		else if (genericType instanceof Class) {
			Class<?> clazz = (Class<?>) genericType;
			return supportsInternal(clazz, this.checkForXmlRootElement);
		}
		return false;
	}

	private boolean supportsInternal(Class<?> clazz, boolean checkForXmlRootElement) {
		if (checkForXmlRootElement && AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(clazz, XmlRootElement.class) == null) {
			return false;
		}
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(this.contextPath)) {
			String packageName = ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz);
			String[] contextPaths = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(this.contextPath, ":");
			for (String contextPath : contextPaths) {
				if (contextPath.equals(packageName)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}
		else if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.classesToBeBound)) {
			return Arrays.asList(this.classesToBeBound).contains(clazz);
		}
		return false;
	}

	
Checks whether the given type is a primitive wrapper type.
Compare section 8.5.1 of the JAXB2 spec.
/**
	 * Checks whether the given type is a primitive wrapper type.
	 * Compare section 8.5.1 of the JAXB2 spec.
	 */
	private boolean isPrimitiveWrapper(Class<?> clazz) {
		return (Boolean.class == clazz ||
				Byte.class == clazz ||
				Short.class == clazz ||
				Integer.class == clazz ||
				Long.class == clazz ||
				Float.class == clazz ||
				Double.class == clazz);
	}

	
Checks whether the given type is a standard class.
Compare section 8.5.2 of the JAXB2 spec.
/**
	 * Checks whether the given type is a standard class.
	 * Compare section 8.5.2 of the JAXB2 spec.
	 */
	private boolean isStandardClass(Class<?> clazz) {
		return (String.class == clazz ||
				BigInteger.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				BigDecimal.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				Calendar.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				Date.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				QName.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				URI.class == clazz ||
				XMLGregorianCalendar.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				Duration.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				Image.class == clazz ||
				DataHandler.class == clazz ||
				// Source and subclasses should be supported according to the JAXB2 spec, but aren't in the RI
				// Source.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) ||
				UUID.class == clazz);

	}


	// Marshalling

	@Override
	public void marshal(Object graph, Result result) throws XmlMappingException {
		marshal(graph, result, null);
	}

	@Override
	public void marshal(Object graph, Result result, @Nullable MimeContainer mimeContainer) throws XmlMappingException {
		try {
			Marshaller marshaller = createMarshaller();
			if (this.mtomEnabled && mimeContainer != null) {
				marshaller.setAttachmentMarshaller(new Jaxb2AttachmentMarshaller(mimeContainer));
			}
			if (StaxUtils.isStaxResult(result)) {
				marshalStaxResult(marshaller, graph, result);
			}
			else {
				marshaller.marshal(graph, result);
			}
		}
		catch (JAXBException ex) {
			throw convertJaxbException(ex);
		}
	}

	private void marshalStaxResult(Marshaller jaxbMarshaller, Object graph, Result staxResult) throws JAXBException {
		XMLStreamWriter streamWriter = StaxUtils.getXMLStreamWriter(staxResult);
		if (streamWriter != null) {
			jaxbMarshaller.marshal(graph, streamWriter);
		}
		else {
			XMLEventWriter eventWriter = StaxUtils.getXMLEventWriter(staxResult);
			if (eventWriter != null) {
				jaxbMarshaller.marshal(graph, eventWriter);
			}
			else {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("StAX Result contains neither XMLStreamWriter nor XMLEventConsumer");
			}
		}
	}

	
Return a newly created JAXB marshaller. JAXB marshallers are not necessarily thread safe.
/**
	 * Return a newly created JAXB marshaller. JAXB marshallers are not necessarily thread safe.
	 */
	protected Marshaller createMarshaller() {
		try {
			Marshaller marshaller = getJaxbContext().createMarshaller();
			initJaxbMarshaller(marshaller);
			return marshaller;
		}
		catch (JAXBException ex) {
			throw convertJaxbException(ex);
		}
	}

	
Template method that can be overridden by concrete JAXB marshallers for custom initialization behavior. Gets called after creation of JAXB Marshaller, and after the respective properties have been set. 
The default implementation sets the defined properties, the validation event handler, the 
schemas, listener, and adapters. /**
	 * Template method that can be overridden by concrete JAXB marshallers for custom initialization behavior.
	 * Gets called after creation of JAXB {@code Marshaller}, and after the respective properties have been set.
	 * <p>The default implementation sets the {@link #setMarshallerProperties(Map) defined properties}, the {@link
	 * #setValidationEventHandler(ValidationEventHandler) validation event handler}, the {@link #setSchemas(Resource[])
	 * schemas}, {@link #setMarshallerListener(javax.xml.bind.Marshaller.Listener) listener}, and
	 * {@link #setAdapters(XmlAdapter[]) adapters}.
	 */
	protected void initJaxbMarshaller(Marshaller marshaller) throws JAXBException {
		if (this.marshallerProperties != null) {
			for (String name : this.marshallerProperties.keySet()) {
				marshaller.setProperty(name, this.marshallerProperties.get(name));
			}
		}
		if (this.marshallerListener != null) {
			marshaller.setListener(this.marshallerListener);
		}
		if (this.validationEventHandler != null) {
			marshaller.setEventHandler(this.validationEventHandler);
		}
		if (this.adapters != null) {
			for (XmlAdapter<?, ?> adapter : this.adapters) {
				marshaller.setAdapter(adapter);
			}
		}
		if (this.schema != null) {
			marshaller.setSchema(this.schema);
		}
	}


	// Unmarshalling

	@Override
	public Object unmarshal(Source source) throws XmlMappingException {
		return unmarshal(source, null);
	}

	@Override
	public Object unmarshal(Source source, @Nullable MimeContainer mimeContainer) throws XmlMappingException {
		source = processSource(source);

		try {
			Unmarshaller unmarshaller = createUnmarshaller();
			if (this.mtomEnabled && mimeContainer != null) {
				unmarshaller.setAttachmentUnmarshaller(new Jaxb2AttachmentUnmarshaller(mimeContainer));
			}
			if (StaxUtils.isStaxSource(source)) {
				return unmarshalStaxSource(unmarshaller, source);
			}
			else if (this.mappedClass != null) {
				return unmarshaller.unmarshal(source, this.mappedClass).getValue();
			}
			else {
				return unmarshaller.unmarshal(source);
			}
		}
		catch (NullPointerException ex) {
			if (!isSupportDtd()) {
				throw new UnmarshallingFailureException("NPE while unmarshalling: " +
						"This can happen due to the presence of DTD declarations which are disabled.", ex);
			}
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (JAXBException ex) {
			throw convertJaxbException(ex);
		}
	}

	protected Object unmarshalStaxSource(Unmarshaller jaxbUnmarshaller, Source staxSource) throws JAXBException {
		XMLStreamReader streamReader = StaxUtils.getXMLStreamReader(staxSource);
		if (streamReader != null) {
			return (this.mappedClass != null ?
					jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(streamReader, this.mappedClass).getValue() :
					jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(streamReader));
		}
		else {
			XMLEventReader eventReader = StaxUtils.getXMLEventReader(staxSource);
			if (eventReader != null) {
				return (this.mappedClass != null ?
						jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(eventReader, this.mappedClass).getValue() :
						jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(eventReader));
			}
			else {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("StaxSource contains neither XMLStreamReader nor XMLEventReader");
			}
		}
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")  // on JDK 9
	private Source processSource(Source source) {
		if (StaxUtils.isStaxSource(source) || source instanceof DOMSource) {
			return source;
		}

		XMLReader xmlReader = null;
		InputSource inputSource = null;

		if (source instanceof SAXSource) {
			SAXSource saxSource = (SAXSource) source;
			xmlReader = saxSource.getXMLReader();
			inputSource = saxSource.getInputSource();
		}
		else if (source instanceof StreamSource) {
			StreamSource streamSource = (StreamSource) source;
			if (streamSource.getInputStream() != null) {
				inputSource = new InputSource(streamSource.getInputStream());
			}
			else if (streamSource.getReader() != null) {
				inputSource = new InputSource(streamSource.getReader());
			}
			else {
				inputSource = new InputSource(streamSource.getSystemId());
			}
		}

		try {
			if (xmlReader == null) {
				xmlReader = org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader();
			}
			xmlReader.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", !isSupportDtd());
			String name = "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities";
			xmlReader.setFeature(name, isProcessExternalEntities());
			if (!isProcessExternalEntities()) {
				xmlReader.setEntityResolver(NO_OP_ENTITY_RESOLVER);
			}
			return new SAXSource(xmlReader, inputSource);
		}
		catch (SAXException ex) {
			logger.info("Processing of external entities could not be disabled", ex);
			return source;
		}
	}

	
Return a newly created JAXB unmarshaller.
Note: JAXB unmarshallers are not necessarily thread-safe.
/**
	 * Return a newly created JAXB unmarshaller.
	 * Note: JAXB unmarshallers are not necessarily thread-safe.
	 */
	protected Unmarshaller createUnmarshaller() {
		try {
			Unmarshaller unmarshaller = getJaxbContext().createUnmarshaller();
			initJaxbUnmarshaller(unmarshaller);
			return unmarshaller;
		}
		catch (JAXBException ex) {
			throw convertJaxbException(ex);
		}
	}

	
Template method that can be overridden by concrete JAXB marshallers for custom initialization behavior. Gets called after creation of JAXB Marshaller, and after the respective properties have been set. 
The default implementation sets the defined properties, the validation event handler, the 
schemas, listener, and adapters. /**
	 * Template method that can be overridden by concrete JAXB marshallers for custom initialization behavior.
	 * Gets called after creation of JAXB {@code Marshaller}, and after the respective properties have been set.
	 * <p>The default implementation sets the {@link #setUnmarshallerProperties(Map) defined properties}, the {@link
	 * #setValidationEventHandler(ValidationEventHandler) validation event handler}, the {@link #setSchemas(Resource[])
	 * schemas}, {@link #setUnmarshallerListener(javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller.Listener) listener}, and
	 * {@link #setAdapters(XmlAdapter[]) adapters}.
	 */
	protected void initJaxbUnmarshaller(Unmarshaller unmarshaller) throws JAXBException {
		if (this.unmarshallerProperties != null) {
			for (String name : this.unmarshallerProperties.keySet()) {
				unmarshaller.setProperty(name, this.unmarshallerProperties.get(name));
			}
		}
		if (this.unmarshallerListener != null) {
			unmarshaller.setListener(this.unmarshallerListener);
		}
		if (this.validationEventHandler != null) {
			unmarshaller.setEventHandler(this.validationEventHandler);
		}
		if (this.adapters != null) {
			for (XmlAdapter<?, ?> adapter : this.adapters) {
				unmarshaller.setAdapter(adapter);
			}
		}
		if (this.schema != null) {
			unmarshaller.setSchema(this.schema);
		}
	}

	
Convert the given JAXBException to an appropriate exception from the org.springframework.oxm hierarchy. 
Params:
ex – JAXBException that occurred
Returns:
the corresponding XmlMappingException/**
	 * Convert the given {@code JAXBException} to an appropriate exception from the
	 * {@code org.springframework.oxm} hierarchy.
	 * @param ex {@code JAXBException} that occurred
	 * @return the corresponding {@code XmlMappingException}
	 */
	protected XmlMappingException convertJaxbException(JAXBException ex) {
		if (ex instanceof ValidationException) {
			return new ValidationFailureException("JAXB validation exception", ex);
		}
		else if (ex instanceof MarshalException) {
			return new MarshallingFailureException("JAXB marshalling exception", ex);
		}
		else if (ex instanceof UnmarshalException) {
			return new UnmarshallingFailureException("JAXB unmarshalling exception", ex);
		}
		else {
			// fallback
			return new UncategorizedMappingException("Unknown JAXB exception", ex);
		}
	}


	private static class Jaxb2AttachmentMarshaller extends AttachmentMarshaller {

		private final MimeContainer mimeContainer;

		public Jaxb2AttachmentMarshaller(MimeContainer mimeContainer) {
			this.mimeContainer = mimeContainer;
		}

		@Override
		public String addMtomAttachment(byte[] data, int offset, int length, String mimeType,
				String elementNamespace, String elementLocalName) {
			ByteArrayDataSource dataSource = new ByteArrayDataSource(mimeType, data, offset, length);
			return addMtomAttachment(new DataHandler(dataSource), elementNamespace, elementLocalName);
		}

		@Override
		public String addMtomAttachment(DataHandler dataHandler, String elementNamespace, String elementLocalName) {
			String host = getHost(elementNamespace, dataHandler);
			String contentId = UUID.randomUUID() + "@" + host;
			this.mimeContainer.addAttachment("<" + contentId + ">", dataHandler);
			try {
				contentId = URLEncoder.encode(contentId, "UTF-8");
			}
			catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
				// ignore
			}
			return CID + contentId;
		}

		private String getHost(String elementNamespace, DataHandler dataHandler) {
			try {
				URI uri = new URI(elementNamespace);
				return uri.getHost();
			}
			catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
				// ignore
			}
			return dataHandler.getName();
		}

		@Override
		public String addSwaRefAttachment(DataHandler dataHandler) {
			String contentId = UUID.randomUUID() + "@" + dataHandler.getName();
			this.mimeContainer.addAttachment(contentId, dataHandler);
			return contentId;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean isXOPPackage() {
			return this.mimeContainer.convertToXopPackage();
		}
	}


	private static class Jaxb2AttachmentUnmarshaller extends AttachmentUnmarshaller {

		private final MimeContainer mimeContainer;

		public Jaxb2AttachmentUnmarshaller(MimeContainer mimeContainer) {
			this.mimeContainer = mimeContainer;
		}

		@Override
		public byte[] getAttachmentAsByteArray(String cid) {
			try {
				DataHandler dataHandler = getAttachmentAsDataHandler(cid);
				return FileCopyUtils.copyToByteArray(dataHandler.getInputStream());
			}
			catch (IOException ex) {
				throw new UnmarshallingFailureException("Couldn't read attachment", ex);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public DataHandler getAttachmentAsDataHandler(String contentId) {
			if (contentId.startsWith(CID)) {
				contentId = contentId.substring(CID.length());
				try {
					contentId = URLDecoder.decode(contentId, "UTF-8");
				}
				catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
					// ignore
				}
				contentId = '<' + contentId + '>';
			}
			DataHandler dataHandler = this.mimeContainer.getAttachment(contentId);
			if (dataHandler == null) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("No attachment found for " + contentId);
			}
			return dataHandler;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean isXOPPackage() {
			return this.mimeContainer.isXopPackage();
		}
	}


	
DataSource that wraps around a byte array.
/**
	 * DataSource that wraps around a byte array.
	 */
	private static class ByteArrayDataSource implements DataSource {

		private final byte[] data;

		private final String contentType;

		private final int offset;

		private final int length;

		public ByteArrayDataSource(String contentType, byte[] data, int offset, int length) {
			this.contentType = contentType;
			this.data = data;
			this.offset = offset;
			this.length = length;
		}

		@Override
		public InputStream getInputStream() {
			return new ByteArrayInputStream(this.data, this.offset, this.length);
		}

		@Override
		public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
		}

		@Override
		public String getContentType() {
			return this.contentType;
		}

		@Override
		public String getName() {
			return "ByteArrayDataSource";
		}
	}

}