/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.catalina.startup;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.LogManager;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import jakarta.servlet.Servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Engine;
import org.apache.catalina.Globals;
import org.apache.catalina.Host;
import org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleEvent;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.Realm;
import org.apache.catalina.Server;
import org.apache.catalina.Service;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.authenticator.NonLoginAuthenticator;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase;
import org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.realm.GenericPrincipal;
import org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase;
import org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityClassLoad;
import org.apache.catalina.util.ContextName;
import org.apache.catalina.util.IOTools;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.ExceptionUtils;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UriUtil;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.LoginConfig;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.file.ConfigFileLoader;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.file.ConfigurationSource;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.Registry;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;

// TODO: lazy init for the temp dir - only when a JSP is compiled or
// get temp dir is called we need to create it. This will avoid the
// need for the baseDir

// TODO: allow contexts without a base dir - i.e.
// only programmatic. This would disable the default servlet.

Minimal tomcat starter for embedding/unit tests.

Tomcat supports multiple styles of configuration and
startup - the most common and stable is server.xml-based,
implemented in org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.

This class is for use in apps that embed tomcat.

Requirements:

  
all tomcat classes and possibly servlets are in the classpath.
      (for example all is in one big jar, or in eclipse CP, or in
       any other combination)
  
we need one temporary directory for work files
  
no config file is required. This class provides methods to
      use if you have a webapp with a web.xml file, but it is
      optional - you can use your own servlets.


There are a variety of 'add' methods to configure servlets and webapps. These
methods, by default, create a simple in-memory security realm and apply it.
If you need more complex security processing, you can define a subclass of
this class.

This class provides a set of convenience methods for configuring web
application contexts; all overloads of the method addWebapp().
These methods are equivalent to adding a web application to the Host's
appBase (normally the webapps directory). These methods create a Context,
configure it with the equivalent of the defaults provided by
conf/web.xml (see initWebappDefaults(String) for details) and add the Context to a Host. These methods do not use a global default web.xml; rather, they add a LifecycleListener to configure the defaults. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the application will be processed normally. Normal web fragment and ServletContainerInitializer processing will be applied. 
 In complex cases, you may prefer to use the ordinary Tomcat API to create webapp contexts; for example, you might need to install a custom Loader before the call to Container.addChild(Container). To replicate the basic behavior of the addWebapp methods, you may want to call two methods of this class: noDefaultWebXmlPath() and getDefaultWebXmlListener(). 
 getDefaultWebXmlListener() returns a LifecycleListener that adds the standard DefaultServlet, JSP processing, and welcome files. If you add this listener, you must prevent Tomcat from applying any standard global web.xml with ... 
 noDefaultWebXmlPath() returns a dummy pathname to configure to prevent ContextConfig from trying to apply a global web.xml file. 

This class provides a main() and few simple CLI arguments,
see setters for doc. It can be used for simple tests and
demo.
Author:
Costin Manolache
See Also:
TestTomcat/**
 * Minimal tomcat starter for embedding/unit tests.
 *
 * <p>
 * Tomcat supports multiple styles of configuration and
 * startup - the most common and stable is server.xml-based,
 * implemented in org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is for use in apps that embed tomcat.
 *
 * <p>
 * Requirements:
 * <ul>
 *   <li>all tomcat classes and possibly servlets are in the classpath.
 *       (for example all is in one big jar, or in eclipse CP, or in
 *        any other combination)</li>
 *
 *   <li>we need one temporary directory for work files</li>
 *
 *   <li>no config file is required. This class provides methods to
 *       use if you have a webapp with a web.xml file, but it is
 *       optional - you can use your own servlets.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * There are a variety of 'add' methods to configure servlets and webapps. These
 * methods, by default, create a simple in-memory security realm and apply it.
 * If you need more complex security processing, you can define a subclass of
 * this class.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class provides a set of convenience methods for configuring web
 * application contexts; all overloads of the method <code>addWebapp()</code>.
 * These methods are equivalent to adding a web application to the Host's
 * appBase (normally the webapps directory). These methods create a Context,
 * configure it with the equivalent of the defaults provided by
 * <code>conf/web.xml</code> (see {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)} for
 * details) and add the Context to a Host. These methods do not use a global
 * default web.xml; rather, they add a {@link LifecycleListener} to configure
 * the defaults. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the
 * application will be processed normally. Normal web fragment and
 * {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing will be applied.
 *
 * <p>
 * In complex cases, you may prefer to use the ordinary Tomcat API to create
 * webapp contexts; for example, you might need to install a custom Loader
 * before the call to {@link Host#addChild(Container)}. To replicate the basic
 * behavior of the <code>addWebapp</code> methods, you may want to call two
 * methods of this class: {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} and
 * {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()}.
 *
 * <p>
 * {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()} returns a {@link LifecycleListener} that
 * adds the standard DefaultServlet, JSP processing, and welcome files. If you
 * add this listener, you must prevent Tomcat from applying any standard global
 * web.xml with ...
 *
 * <p>
 * {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} returns a dummy pathname to configure to
 * prevent {@link ContextConfig} from trying to apply a global web.xml file.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class provides a main() and few simple CLI arguments,
 * see setters for doc. It can be used for simple tests and
 * demo.
 *
 * @see <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=tomcat.git;a=blob;f=test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TestTomcat.java">TestTomcat</a>
 * @author Costin Manolache
 */
public class Tomcat {

    private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Tomcat.class);

    // Some logging implementations use weak references for loggers so there is
    // the possibility that logging configuration could be lost if GC runs just
    // after Loggers are configured but before they are used. The purpose of
    // this Map is to retain strong references to explicitly configured loggers
    // so that configuration is not lost.
    private final Map<String, Logger> pinnedLoggers = new HashMap<>();

    protected Server server;

    protected int port = 8080;
    protected String hostname = "localhost";
    protected String basedir;

    private final Map<String, String> userPass = new HashMap<>();
    private final Map<String, List<String>> userRoles = new HashMap<>();
    private final Map<String, Principal> userPrincipals = new HashMap<>();

    private boolean addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = true;

    public Tomcat() {
        ExceptionUtils.preload();
    }

    
Tomcat requires that the base directory is set because the defaults for
a number of other locations, such as the work directory, are derived from
the base directory. This should be the first method called.

If this method is not called then Tomcat will attempt to use these
locations in the following order:

 
if set, the catalina.base system property
 
if set, the catalina.home system property
 
The user.dir system property (the directory where Java was run from) where a directory named tomcat.$PORT will be created. $PORT is the value configured via setPort(int) which defaults to 8080 if not set

The user should ensure that the file permissions for the base directory
are appropriate.

TODO: disable work dir if not needed ( no jsp, etc ).
Params:
basedir – The Tomcat base folder on which all others will be derived/**
     * Tomcat requires that the base directory is set because the defaults for
     * a number of other locations, such as the work directory, are derived from
     * the base directory. This should be the first method called.
     * <p>
     * If this method is not called then Tomcat will attempt to use these
     * locations in the following order:
     * <ol>
     *  <li>if set, the catalina.base system property</li>
     *  <li>if set, the catalina.home system property</li>
     *  <li>The user.dir system property (the directory where Java was run from)
     *      where a directory named tomcat.$PORT will be created. $PORT is the
     *      value configured via {@link #setPort(int)} which defaults to 8080 if
     *      not set</li>
     * </ol>
     * The user should ensure that the file permissions for the base directory
     * are appropriate.
     * <p>
     * TODO: disable work dir if not needed ( no jsp, etc ).
     *
     * @param basedir The Tomcat base folder on which all others will be derived
     */
    public void setBaseDir(String basedir) {
        this.basedir = basedir;
    }

    
Set the port for the default connector. The default connector will
only be created if getConnector is called.
Params:
port – The port number/**
     * Set the port for the default connector. The default connector will
     * only be created if getConnector is called.
     * @param port The port number
     */
    public void setPort(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    
The the hostname of the default host, default is
'localhost'.
Params:
s – The default host name/**
     * The the hostname of the default host, default is
     * 'localhost'.
     * @param s The default host name
     */
    public void setHostname(String s) {
        hostname = s;
    }


    
This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see initWebappDefaults(String)). This may be prevented by calling setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean) with false. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web fragment and ServletContainerInitializer processing will always be applied. 
Params:
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
docBase –     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
                       exist, relative to the server home
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
     * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
     * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
     * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
     * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
     * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
     * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
     * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer}
     * processing will always be applied.
     *
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param docBase     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
     *                        exist, relative to the server home
     *
     * @return the deployed context
     */
    public Context addWebapp(String contextPath, String docBase) {
        return addWebapp(getHost(), contextPath, docBase);
    }


    
Copy the specified WAR file to the Host's appBase and then call addWebapp(String, String) with the newly copied WAR. The WAR will NOT be removed from the Host's appBase when the Tomcat instance stops. Note that ExpandWar provides utility methods that may be used to delete the WAR and/or expanded directory if required. 
Params:
contextPath –   The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
source –        The location from which the WAR should be copied
Throws:
IOException – If an I/O error occurs while copying the WAR file
                    from the specified URL to the appBase
Returns:
The deployed Context/**
     * Copy the specified WAR file to the Host's appBase and then call
     * {@link #addWebapp(String, String)} with the newly copied WAR. The WAR
     * will <b>NOT</b> be removed from the Host's appBase when the Tomcat
     * instance stops. Note that {@link ExpandWar} provides utility methods that
     * may be used to delete the WAR and/or expanded directory if required.
     *
     * @param contextPath   The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param source        The location from which the WAR should be copied
     *
     * @return The deployed Context
     *
     * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs while copying the WAR file
     *                     from the specified URL to the appBase
     */
    public Context addWebapp(String contextPath, URL source) throws IOException {

        ContextName cn = new ContextName(contextPath, null);

        // Make sure a conflicting web application has not already been deployed
        Host h = getHost();
        if (h.findChild(cn.getName()) != null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictChild",
                    source, contextPath, cn.getName()));
        }

        // Make sure appBase does not contain a conflicting web application
        File targetWar = new File(h.getAppBaseFile(), cn.getBaseName() + ".war");
        File targetDir = new File(h.getAppBaseFile(), cn.getBaseName());

        if (targetWar.exists()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictFile",
                    source, contextPath, targetWar.getAbsolutePath()));
        }
        if (targetDir.exists()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictFile",
                    source, contextPath, targetDir.getAbsolutePath()));
        }

        // Should be good to copy the WAR now
        URLConnection uConn = source.openConnection();

        try (InputStream is = uConn.getInputStream();
                OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(targetWar)) {
            IOTools.flow(is, os);
        }

        return addWebapp(contextPath, targetWar.getAbsolutePath());
    }


    
Add a context - programmatic mode, no default web.xml used. This means that there is no JSP support (no JSP servlet), no default servlet and no web socket support unless explicitly enabled via the programmatic interface. There is also no ServletContainerInitializer processing and no annotation processing. If a ServletContainerInitializer is added programmatically, there will still be no scanning for HandlesTypes matches. 

API calls equivalent with web.xml:

 // context-param
 ctx.addParameter("name", "value");
 // error-page
 ErrorPage ep = new ErrorPage();
 ep.setErrorCode(500);
 ep.setLocation("/error.html");
 ctx.addErrorPage(ep);
 ctx.addMimeMapping("ext", "type");


Note: If you reload the Context, all your configuration will be lost. If
you need reload support, consider using a LifecycleListener to provide
your configuration.

TODO: add the rest
Params:
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
docBase – Base directory for the context, for static files.
 Must exist, relative to the server home
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * Add a context - programmatic mode, no default web.xml used. This means
     * that there is no JSP support (no JSP servlet), no default servlet and
     * no web socket support unless explicitly enabled via the programmatic
     * interface. There is also no
     * {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing and no
     * annotation processing. If a
     * {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} is added
     * programmatically, there will still be no scanning for
     * {@link jakarta.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes} matches.
     *
     * <p>
     * API calls equivalent with web.xml:
     *
     * <pre>{@code
     *  // context-param
     *  ctx.addParameter("name", "value");
     *
     *
     *  // error-page
     *  ErrorPage ep = new ErrorPage();
     *  ep.setErrorCode(500);
     *  ep.setLocation("/error.html");
     *  ctx.addErrorPage(ep);
     *
     *  ctx.addMimeMapping("ext", "type");
     * }</pre>
     *
     *
     * <p>
     * Note: If you reload the Context, all your configuration will be lost. If
     * you need reload support, consider using a LifecycleListener to provide
     * your configuration.
     *
     * <p>
     * TODO: add the rest
     *
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param docBase Base directory for the context, for static files.
     *  Must exist, relative to the server home
     * @return the deployed context
     */
    public Context addContext(String contextPath, String docBase) {
        return addContext(getHost(), contextPath, docBase);
    }

    
Equivalent to <servlet><servlet-name><servlet-class>.

In general it is better/faster to use the method that takes a
Servlet as param - this one can be used if the servlet is not
commonly used, and want to avoid loading all deps.
( for example: jsp servlet )
You can customize the returned servlet, ex:
 
   wrapper.addInitParameter("name", "value");
 
Params:
contextPath –   Context to add Servlet to
servletName –   Servlet name (used in mappings)
servletClass –  The class to be used for the Servlet
Returns:
The wrapper for the servlet/**
     * Equivalent to &lt;servlet&gt;&lt;servlet-name&gt;&lt;servlet-class&gt;.
     *
     * <p>
     * In general it is better/faster to use the method that takes a
     * Servlet as param - this one can be used if the servlet is not
     * commonly used, and want to avoid loading all deps.
     * ( for example: jsp servlet )
     *
     * You can customize the returned servlet, ex:
     *  <pre>
     *    wrapper.addInitParameter("name", "value");
     *  </pre>
     *
     * @param contextPath   Context to add Servlet to
     * @param servletName   Servlet name (used in mappings)
     * @param servletClass  The class to be used for the Servlet
     * @return The wrapper for the servlet
     */
    public Wrapper addServlet(String contextPath,
            String servletName,
            String servletClass) {
        Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
        return addServlet((Context) ctx, servletName, servletClass);
    }

    
Static version of addServlet(String, String, String) 
Params:
ctx –           Context to add Servlet to
servletName –   Servlet name (used in mappings)
servletClass –  The class to be used for the Servlet
Returns:
The wrapper for the servlet/**
     * Static version of {@link #addServlet(String, String, String)}
     * @param ctx           Context to add Servlet to
     * @param servletName   Servlet name (used in mappings)
     * @param servletClass  The class to be used for the Servlet
     * @return The wrapper for the servlet
     */
    public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
                                      String servletName,
                                      String servletClass) {
        // will do class for name and set init params
        Wrapper sw = ctx.createWrapper();
        sw.setServletClass(servletClass);
        sw.setName(servletName);
        ctx.addChild(sw);

        return sw;
    }

    
Add an existing Servlet to the context with no class.forName or
initialisation.
Params:
contextPath –   Context to add Servlet to
servletName –   Servlet name (used in mappings)
servlet –       The Servlet to add
Returns:
The wrapper for the servlet/**
     * Add an existing Servlet to the context with no class.forName or
     * initialisation.
     * @param contextPath   Context to add Servlet to
     * @param servletName   Servlet name (used in mappings)
     * @param servlet       The Servlet to add
     * @return The wrapper for the servlet
     */
    public Wrapper addServlet(String contextPath,
            String servletName,
            Servlet servlet) {
        Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
        return addServlet((Context) ctx, servletName, servlet);
    }

    
Static version of addServlet(String, String, Servlet). 
Params:
ctx –           Context to add Servlet to
servletName –   Servlet name (used in mappings)
servlet –       The Servlet to add
Returns:
The wrapper for the servlet/**
     * Static version of {@link #addServlet(String, String, Servlet)}.
     * @param ctx           Context to add Servlet to
     * @param servletName   Servlet name (used in mappings)
     * @param servlet       The Servlet to add
     * @return The wrapper for the servlet
     */
    public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
                                      String servletName,
                                      Servlet servlet) {
        // will do class for name and set init params
        Wrapper sw = new ExistingStandardWrapper(servlet);
        sw.setName(servletName);
        ctx.addChild(sw);

        return sw;
    }


    
Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
SSL certificates, etc).
If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
locations for these files.
Params:
source – The configuration source/**
     * Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
     * The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
     * files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
     * SSL certificates, etc).
     * If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
     * locations for these files.
     * @param source The configuration source
     */
    public void init(ConfigurationSource source) {
        init(source, null);
    }

    
Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
SSL certificates, etc).
If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
locations for these files.
Params:
source – The configuration source
catalinaArguments – The arguments that should be passed to Catalina/**
     * Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
     * The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
     * files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
     * SSL certificates, etc).
     * If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
     * locations for these files.
     * @param source The configuration source
     * @param catalinaArguments The arguments that should be passed to Catalina
     */
    public void init(ConfigurationSource source, String[] catalinaArguments) {
        ConfigFileLoader.setSource(source);
        addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = false;
        Catalina catalina = new Catalina();
        // Load the Catalina instance with the regular configuration files
        // from specified source
        if (catalinaArguments == null) {
            catalina.load();
        } else {
            catalina.load(catalinaArguments);
        }
        // Retrieve and set the server
        server = catalina.getServer();
    }


    
Initialize the server.
Throws:
LifecycleException – Init error/**
     * Initialize the server.
     *
     * @throws LifecycleException Init error
     */
    public void init() throws LifecycleException {
        getServer();
        server.init();
    }


    
Start the server.
Throws:
LifecycleException – Start error/**
     * Start the server.
     *
     * @throws LifecycleException Start error
     */
    public void start() throws LifecycleException {
        getServer();
        server.start();
    }

    
Stop the server.
Throws:
LifecycleException – Stop error/**
     * Stop the server.
     *
     * @throws LifecycleException Stop error
     */
    public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
        getServer();
        server.stop();
    }


    
Destroy the server. This object cannot be used once this method has been
called.
Throws:
LifecycleException – Destroy error/**
     * Destroy the server. This object cannot be used once this method has been
     * called.
     *
     * @throws LifecycleException Destroy error
     */
    public void destroy() throws LifecycleException {
        getServer();
        server.destroy();
        // Could null out objects here
    }

    
Add a user for the in-memory realm. All created apps use this
by default, can be replaced using setRealm().
Params:
user – The user name
pass – The password/**
     * Add a user for the in-memory realm. All created apps use this
     * by default, can be replaced using setRealm().
     * @param user The user name
     * @param pass The password
     */
    public void addUser(String user, String pass) {
        userPass.put(user, pass);
    }

    
Add a role to a user.
Params:
user – The user name
role – The role name
See Also:
addUser(String, String)/**
     * Add a role to a user.
     * @see #addUser(String, String)
     * @param user The user name
     * @param role The role name
     */
    public void addRole(String user, String role) {
        List<String> roles = userRoles.get(user);
        if (roles == null) {
            roles = new ArrayList<>();
            userRoles.put(user, roles);
        }
        roles.add(role);
    }

    // ------- Extra customization -------
    // You can tune individual Tomcat objects, using internal APIs

    
Get the default HTTP connector that is used by the embedded
Tomcat. It is first configured connector in the service.
If there's no connector defined, it will create and add a default
connector using the port and address specified in this Tomcat
instance, and return it for further customization.
Returns:
The connector object/**
     * Get the default HTTP connector that is used by the embedded
     * Tomcat. It is first configured connector in the service.
     * If there's no connector defined, it will create and add a default
     * connector using the port and address specified in this Tomcat
     * instance, and return it for further customization.
     *
     * @return The connector object
     */
    public Connector getConnector() {
        Service service = getService();
        if (service.findConnectors().length > 0) {
            return service.findConnectors()[0];
        }
        // The same as in standard Tomcat configuration.
        // This creates an APR HTTP connector if AprLifecycleListener has been
        // configured (created) and Tomcat Native library is available.
        // Otherwise it creates a NIO HTTP connector.
        Connector connector = new Connector("HTTP/1.1");
        connector.setPort(port);
        service.addConnector(connector);
        return connector;
    }

    
Set the specified connector in the service, if it is not already
present.
Params:
connector – The connector instance to add/**
     * Set the specified connector in the service, if it is not already
     * present.
     * @param connector The connector instance to add
     */
    public void setConnector(Connector connector) {
        Service service = getService();
        boolean found = false;
        for (Connector serviceConnector : service.findConnectors()) {
            if (connector == serviceConnector) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            service.addConnector(connector);
        }
    }

    
Get the service object. Can be used to add more
connectors and few other global settings.
Returns:
The service/**
     * Get the service object. Can be used to add more
     * connectors and few other global settings.
     * @return The service
     */
    public Service getService() {
        return getServer().findServices()[0];
    }

    
Sets the current host - all future webapps will
be added to this host. When tomcat starts, the
host will be the default host.
Params:
host – The current host/**
     * Sets the current host - all future webapps will
     * be added to this host. When tomcat starts, the
     * host will be the default host.
     *
     * @param host The current host
     */
    public void setHost(Host host) {
        Engine engine = getEngine();
        boolean found = false;
        for (Container engineHost : engine.findChildren()) {
            if (engineHost == host) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            engine.addChild(host);
        }
    }

    public Host getHost() {
        Engine engine = getEngine();
        if (engine.findChildren().length > 0) {
            return (Host) engine.findChildren()[0];
        }

        Host host = new StandardHost();
        host.setName(hostname);
        getEngine().addChild(host);
        return host;
    }

    
Access to the engine, for further customization.
Returns:
The engine/**
     * Access to the engine, for further customization.
     * @return The engine
     */
    public Engine getEngine() {
        Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
        if (service.getContainer() != null) {
            return service.getContainer();
        }
        Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
        engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
        engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
        engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
        service.setContainer(engine);
        return engine;
    }

    
Get the server object. You can add listeners and few more
customizations. JNDI is disabled by default.
Returns:
The Server/**
     * Get the server object. You can add listeners and few more
     * customizations. JNDI is disabled by default.
     * @return The Server
     */
    public Server getServer() {

        if (server != null) {
            return server;
        }

        System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "false");

        server = new StandardServer();

        initBaseDir();

        // Set configuration source
        ConfigFileLoader.setSource(new CatalinaBaseConfigurationSource(new File(basedir), null));

        server.setPort( -1 );

        Service service = new StandardService();
        service.setName("Tomcat");
        server.addService(service);
        return server;
    }

    
Params:
host – The host in which the context will be deployed
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
dir – Base directory for the context, for static files.
 Must exist, relative to the server home
See Also:
addContext(String, String)
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param dir Base directory for the context, for static files.
     *  Must exist, relative to the server home
     * @return the deployed context
     * @see #addContext(String, String)
     */
    public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String dir) {
        return addContext(host, contextPath, contextPath, dir);
    }

    
Params:
host – The host in which the context will be deployed
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
contextName – The context name
dir – Base directory for the context, for static files.
 Must exist, relative to the server home
See Also:
addContext(String, String)
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param contextName The context name
     * @param dir Base directory for the context, for static files.
     *  Must exist, relative to the server home
     * @return the deployed context
     * @see #addContext(String, String)
     */
    public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String contextName,
            String dir) {
        silence(host, contextName);
        Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
        ctx.setName(contextName);
        ctx.setPath(contextPath);
        ctx.setDocBase(dir);
        ctx.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());

        if (host == null) {
            getHost().addChild(ctx);
        } else {
            host.addChild(ctx);
        }
        return ctx;
    }


    
This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see initWebappDefaults(String)). This may be prevented by calling setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean) with false. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web fragment and ServletContainerInitializer processing will always be applied. 
Params:
host –        The host in which the context will be deployed
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
docBase –     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
                       exist, relative to the server home
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
     * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
     * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
     * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
     * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
     * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
     * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
     * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing
     * will always be applied.
     *
     * @param host        The host in which the context will be deployed
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param docBase     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
     *                        exist, relative to the server home
     *
     * @return the deployed context
     */
    public Context addWebapp(Host host, String contextPath, String docBase) {
        LifecycleListener listener = null;
        try {
            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(getHost().getConfigClass());
            listener = (LifecycleListener) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
            // Wrap in IAE since we can't easily change the method signature to
            // to throw the specific checked exceptions
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
        }

        return addWebapp(host, contextPath, docBase, listener);
    }


    
This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see initWebappDefaults(String)). This may be prevented by calling setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean) with false. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web fragment and ServletContainerInitializer processing will always be applied. 
Params:
host –        The host in which the context will be deployed
contextPath – The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
docBase –     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
                       exist, relative to the server home
config –      Custom context configuration helper. Any configuration
                       will be in addition to equivalent of the default
                       web.xml configuration described above.
Returns:
the deployed context/**
     * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
     * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
     * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
     * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
     * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
     * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
     * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
     * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing
     * will always be applied.
     *
     * @param host        The host in which the context will be deployed
     * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
     * @param docBase     Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
     *                        exist, relative to the server home
     * @param config      Custom context configuration helper. Any configuration
     *                        will be in addition to equivalent of the default
     *                        web.xml configuration described above.
     *
     * @return the deployed context
     */
    public Context addWebapp(Host host, String contextPath, String docBase,
            LifecycleListener config) {

        silence(host, contextPath);

        Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
        ctx.setPath(contextPath);
        ctx.setDocBase(docBase);

        if (addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp) {
            ctx.addLifecycleListener(getDefaultWebXmlListener());
        }

        ctx.setConfigFile(getWebappConfigFile(docBase, contextPath));

        ctx.addLifecycleListener(config);

        if (addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp && (config instanceof ContextConfig)) {
            // prevent it from looking ( if it finds one - it'll have dup error )
            ((ContextConfig) config).setDefaultWebXml(noDefaultWebXmlPath());
        }

        if (host == null) {
            getHost().addChild(ctx);
        } else {
            host.addChild(ctx);
        }

        return ctx;
    }

    
Return a listener that provides the required configuration items for JSP processing. From the standard Tomcat global web.xml. Pass this to Lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener) and then pass the result of noDefaultWebXmlPath() to ContextConfig.setDefaultWebXml(String). 
Returns:
a listener object that configures default JSP processing./**
     * Return a listener that provides the required configuration items for JSP
     * processing. From the standard Tomcat global web.xml. Pass this to
     * {@link Context#addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener)} and then pass the
     * result of {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} to
     * {@link ContextConfig#setDefaultWebXml(String)}.
     * @return a listener object that configures default JSP processing.
     */
    public LifecycleListener getDefaultWebXmlListener() {
        return new DefaultWebXmlListener();
    }

    
Returns:
a pathname to pass to ContextConfig.setDefaultWebXml(String) when using getDefaultWebXmlListener()./**
     * @return a pathname to pass to
     * {@link ContextConfig#setDefaultWebXml(String)} when using
     * {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()}.
     */
    public String noDefaultWebXmlPath() {
        return Constants.NoDefaultWebXml;
    }

    // ---------- Helper methods and classes -------------------

    
Create an in-memory realm. You can replace it for contexts with a real
one. The Realm created here will be added to the Engine by default and
may be replaced at the Engine level or over-ridden (as per normal Tomcat
behaviour) at the Host or Context level.
Returns:
a realm instance/**
     * Create an in-memory realm. You can replace it for contexts with a real
     * one. The Realm created here will be added to the Engine by default and
     * may be replaced at the Engine level or over-ridden (as per normal Tomcat
     * behaviour) at the Host or Context level.
     * @return a realm instance
     */
    protected Realm createDefaultRealm() {
        return new SimpleRealm();
    }


    private class SimpleRealm extends RealmBase {

        @Override
        protected String getPassword(String username) {
            return userPass.get(username);
        }

        @Override
        protected Principal getPrincipal(String username) {
            Principal p = userPrincipals.get(username);
            if (p == null) {
                String pass = userPass.get(username);
                if (pass != null) {
                    p = new GenericPrincipal(username,
                            userRoles.get(username));
                    userPrincipals.put(username, p);
                }
            }
            return p;
        }
    }


    protected void initBaseDir() {
        String catalinaHome = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP);
        if (basedir == null) {
            basedir = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP);
        }
        if (basedir == null) {
            basedir = catalinaHome;
        }
        if (basedir == null) {
            // Create a temp dir.
            basedir = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/tomcat." + port;
        }

        File baseFile = new File(basedir);
        if (baseFile.exists()) {
            if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.baseDirNotDir", baseFile));
            }
        } else {
            if (!baseFile.mkdirs()) {
                // Failed to create base directory
                throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.baseDirMakeFail", baseFile));
            }
            /*
             * If file permissions were going to be set on the newly created
             * directory, this is the place to do it. However, even simple
             * calls such as File.setReadable(boolean,boolean) behaves
             * differently on different platforms. Therefore, setBaseDir
             * documents that the user needs to do this.
             */
        }
        try {
            baseFile = baseFile.getCanonicalFile();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            baseFile = baseFile.getAbsoluteFile();
        }
        server.setCatalinaBase(baseFile);
        System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP, baseFile.getPath());
        basedir = baseFile.getPath();

        if (catalinaHome == null) {
            server.setCatalinaHome(baseFile);
        } else {
            File homeFile = new File(catalinaHome);
            if (!homeFile.isDirectory() && !homeFile.mkdirs()) {
                // Failed to create home directory
                throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.homeDirMakeFail", homeFile));
            }
            try {
                homeFile = homeFile.getCanonicalFile();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                homeFile = homeFile.getAbsoluteFile();
            }
            server.setCatalinaHome(homeFile);
        }
        System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP,
                server.getCatalinaHome().getPath());
    }

    static final String[] silences = new String[] {
        "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol",
        "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
        "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine",
        "org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig",
        "org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext",
        "org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
    };

    private boolean silent = false;

    
Controls if the loggers will be silenced or not.
Params:
silent –    true sets the log level to WARN for the
                 loggers that log information on Tomcat start up. This
                 prevents the usual startup information being logged.
                 false sets the log level to the default
                 level of INFO./**
     * Controls if the loggers will be silenced or not.
     * @param silent    <code>true</code> sets the log level to WARN for the
     *                  loggers that log information on Tomcat start up. This
     *                  prevents the usual startup information being logged.
     *                  <code>false</code> sets the log level to the default
     *                  level of INFO.
     */
    public void setSilent(boolean silent) {
        this.silent = silent;
        for (String s : silences) {
            Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(s);
            pinnedLoggers.put(s, logger);
            if (silent) {
                logger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
            } else {
                logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
            }
        }
    }

    private void silence(Host host, String contextPath) {
        String loggerName = getLoggerName(host, contextPath);
        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(loggerName);
        pinnedLoggers.put(loggerName, logger);
        if (silent) {
            logger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
        } else {
            logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
        }
    }


    
By default, when calling addWebapp() to create a Context, the settings from
from the default web.xml are added to the context.  Calling this method with
a false value prior to calling addWebapp() allows to opt out of
the default settings. In that event you will need to add the configurations
yourself,  either programmatically or by using web.xml deployment descriptors.
Params:
addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp – false will prevent the class from
                                automatically adding the default settings when
                                calling addWebapp().
                                true will add the default settings
                                and is the default behavior.
See Also:
addWebapp(Host, String, String, LifecycleListener)/**
     * By default, when calling addWebapp() to create a Context, the settings from
     * from the default web.xml are added to the context.  Calling this method with
     * a <code>false</code> value prior to calling addWebapp() allows to opt out of
     * the default settings. In that event you will need to add the configurations
     * yourself,  either programmatically or by using web.xml deployment descriptors.
     * @param addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp <code>false</code> will prevent the class from
     *                                 automatically adding the default settings when
     *                                 calling addWebapp().
     *                                 <code>true</code> will add the default settings
     *                                 and is the default behavior.
     * @see #addWebapp(Host, String, String, LifecycleListener)
     */
    public void setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp){
        this.addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp;
    }


    /*
     * Uses essentially the same logic as {@link ContainerBase#logName()}.
     */
    private String getLoggerName(Host host, String contextName) {
        if (host == null) {
            host = getHost();
        }
        StringBuilder loggerName = new StringBuilder();
        loggerName.append(ContainerBase.class.getName());
        loggerName.append(".[");
        // Engine name
        loggerName.append(host.getParent().getName());
        loggerName.append("].[");
        // Host name
        loggerName.append(host.getName());
        loggerName.append("].[");
        // Context name
        if (contextName == null || contextName.equals("")) {
            loggerName.append('/');
        } else if (contextName.startsWith("##")) {
            loggerName.append('/');
            loggerName.append(contextName);
        }
        loggerName.append(']');

        return loggerName.toString();
    }

    
Create the configured Context for the given host. The default constructor of the class that was configured with StandardHost.setContextClass(String) will be used 
Params:
host –  host for which the Context should be created, or null if default host should be used
url –  path of the webapp which should get the Context
Returns:
newly created Context/**
     * Create the configured {@link Context} for the given <code>host</code>.
     * The default constructor of the class that was configured with
     * {@link StandardHost#setContextClass(String)} will be used
     *
     * @param host
     *            host for which the {@link Context} should be created, or
     *            <code>null</code> if default host should be used
     * @param url
     *            path of the webapp which should get the {@link Context}
     * @return newly created {@link Context}
     */
    private Context createContext(Host host, String url) {
        String defaultContextClass = StandardContext.class.getName();
        String contextClass = StandardContext.class.getName();
        if (host == null) {
            host = this.getHost();
        }
        if (host instanceof StandardHost) {
            contextClass = ((StandardHost) host).getContextClass();
        }
        try {
            if (defaultContextClass.equals(contextClass)) {
                return new StandardContext();
            } else {
                return (Context) Class.forName(contextClass).getConstructor()
                    .newInstance();
            }

        } catch (ReflectiveOperationException  | IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.noContextClass", contextClass, host, url), e);
        }
    }

    
Enables JNDI naming which is disabled by default. Server must implement Lifecycle in order for the NamingContextListener to be used. /**
     * Enables JNDI naming which is disabled by default. Server must implement
     * {@link Lifecycle} in order for the {@link NamingContextListener} to be
     * used.
     *
     */
    public void enableNaming() {
        // Make sure getServer() has been called as that is where naming is
        // disabled
        getServer();
        server.addLifecycleListener(new NamingContextListener());

        System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "true");

        String value = "org.apache.naming";
        String oldValue =
            System.getProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES);
        if (oldValue != null) {
            if (oldValue.contains(value)) {
                value = oldValue;
            } else {
                value = value + ":" + oldValue;
            }
        }
        System.setProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, value);

        value = System.getProperty
            (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
        if (value == null) {
            System.setProperty
                (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
                 "org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory");
        }
    }


    
Provide default configuration for a context. This is broadly the
programmatic equivalent of the default web.xml and provides the following
features:

Default servlet mapped to "/"
JSP servlet mapped to "*.jsp" and ""*.jspx"
Session timeout of 30 minutes
MIME mappings (subset of those in conf/web.xml)
Welcome files

TODO: Align the MIME mappings with conf/web.xml - possibly via a common
      file.
Params:
contextPath –   The path of the context to set the defaults for/**
     * Provide default configuration for a context. This is broadly the
     * programmatic equivalent of the default web.xml and provides the following
     * features:
     * <ul>
     * <li>Default servlet mapped to "/"</li>
     * <li>JSP servlet mapped to "*.jsp" and ""*.jspx"</li>
     * <li>Session timeout of 30 minutes</li>
     * <li>MIME mappings (subset of those in conf/web.xml)</li>
     * <li>Welcome files</li>
     * </ul>
     * TODO: Align the MIME mappings with conf/web.xml - possibly via a common
     *       file.
     *
     * @param contextPath   The path of the context to set the defaults for
     */
    public void initWebappDefaults(String contextPath) {
        Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
        initWebappDefaults((Context) ctx);
    }


    
Static version of initWebappDefaults(String). 
Params:
ctx –   The context to set the defaults for/**
     * Static version of {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}.
     *
     * @param ctx   The context to set the defaults for
     */
    public static void initWebappDefaults(Context ctx) {
        // Default servlet
        Wrapper servlet = addServlet(
                ctx, "default", "org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        servlet.setOverridable(true);

        // JSP servlet (by class name - to avoid loading all deps)
        servlet = addServlet(
                ctx, "jsp", "org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet");
        servlet.addInitParameter("fork", "false");
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup(3);
        servlet.setOverridable(true);

        // Servlet mappings
        ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "default");
        ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jsp", "jsp");
        ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jspx", "jsp");

        // Sessions
        ctx.setSessionTimeout(30);

        // MIME type mappings
        addDefaultMimeTypeMappings(ctx);

        // Welcome files
        ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.html");
        ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.htm");
        ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.jsp");
    }


    
Add the default MIME type mappings to the provide Context.
Params:
context – The web application to which the default MIME type
               mappings should be added./**
     * Add the default MIME type mappings to the provide Context.
     *
     * @param context The web application to which the default MIME type
     *                mappings should be added.
     */
    public static void addDefaultMimeTypeMappings(Context context) {
        Properties defaultMimeMappings = new Properties();
        try (InputStream is = Tomcat.class.getResourceAsStream("MimeTypeMappings.properties")) {
            defaultMimeMappings.load(is);
            for (Map.Entry<Object, Object>  entry: defaultMimeMappings.entrySet()) {
                context.addMimeMapping((String) entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.defaultMimeTypeMappingsFail"), e);
        }
    }


    
Fix startup sequence - required if you don't use web.xml.

The start() method in context will set 'configured' to false - and
expects a listener to set it back to true.
/**
     * Fix startup sequence - required if you don't use web.xml.
     *
     * <p>
     * The start() method in context will set 'configured' to false - and
     * expects a listener to set it back to true.
     */
    public static class FixContextListener implements LifecycleListener {

        @Override
        public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
            try {
                Context context = (Context) event.getLifecycle();
                if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT)) {
                    context.setConfigured(true);

                    // Process annotations
                    WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationAnnotations(context);

                    // LoginConfig is required to process @ServletSecurity
                    // annotations
                    if (context.getLoginConfig() == null) {
                        context.setLoginConfig(new LoginConfig("NONE", null, null, null));
                        context.getPipeline().addValve(new NonLoginAuthenticator());
                    }
                }
            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            }
        }
    }


    
Fix reload - required if reloading and using programmatic configuration.
When a context is reloaded, any programmatic configuration is lost. This
listener sets the equivalent of conf/web.xml when the context starts.
/**
     * Fix reload - required if reloading and using programmatic configuration.
     * When a context is reloaded, any programmatic configuration is lost. This
     * listener sets the equivalent of conf/web.xml when the context starts.
     */
    public static class DefaultWebXmlListener implements LifecycleListener {
        @Override
        public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
            if (Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
                initWebappDefaults((Context) event.getLifecycle());
            }
        }
    }


    
Helper class for wrapping existing servlets. This disables servlet
lifecycle and normal reloading, but also reduces overhead and provide
more direct control over the servlet.
/**
     * Helper class for wrapping existing servlets. This disables servlet
     * lifecycle and normal reloading, but also reduces overhead and provide
     * more direct control over the servlet.
     */
    public static class ExistingStandardWrapper extends StandardWrapper {
        private final Servlet existing;

        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        public ExistingStandardWrapper( Servlet existing ) {
            this.existing = existing;
            if (existing instanceof jakarta.servlet.SingleThreadModel) {
                singleThreadModel = true;
                instancePool = new Stack<>();
            }
            this.asyncSupported = hasAsync(existing);
        }

        private static boolean hasAsync(Servlet existing) {
            boolean result = false;
            Class<?> clazz = existing.getClass();
            WebServlet ws = clazz.getAnnotation(WebServlet.class);
            if (ws != null) {
                result = ws.asyncSupported();
            }
            return result;
        }

        @Override
        public synchronized Servlet loadServlet() throws ServletException {
            if (singleThreadModel) {
                Servlet instance;
                try {
                    instance = existing.getClass().getConstructor().newInstance();
                } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
                    throw new ServletException(e);
                }
                instance.init(facade);
                return instance;
            } else {
                if (!instanceInitialized) {
                    existing.init(facade);
                    instanceInitialized = true;
                }
                return existing;
            }
        }
        @Override
        public long getAvailable() {
            return 0;
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isUnavailable() {
            return false;
        }
        @Override
        public Servlet getServlet() {
            return existing;
        }
        @Override
        public String getServletClass() {
            return existing.getClass().getName();
        }
    }

    protected URL getWebappConfigFile(String path, String contextName) {
        File docBase = new File(path);
        if (docBase.isDirectory()) {
            return getWebappConfigFileFromDirectory(docBase, contextName);
        } else {
            return getWebappConfigFileFromWar(docBase, contextName);
        }
    }

    private URL getWebappConfigFileFromDirectory(File docBase, String contextName) {
        URL result = null;
        File webAppContextXml = new File(docBase, Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
        if (webAppContextXml.exists()) {
            try {
                result = webAppContextXml.toURI().toURL();
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                Logger.getLogger(getLoggerName(getHost(), contextName)).log(Level.WARNING,
                        sm.getString("tomcat.noContextXml", docBase), e);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private URL getWebappConfigFileFromWar(File docBase, String contextName) {
        URL result = null;
        try (JarFile jar = new JarFile(docBase)) {
            JarEntry entry = jar.getJarEntry(Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
            if (entry != null) {
                result = UriUtil.buildJarUrl(docBase, Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Logger.getLogger(getLoggerName(getHost(), contextName)).log(Level.WARNING,
                    sm.getString("tomcat.noContextXml", docBase), e);
        }
        return result;
    }

    static {
        // Graal native images don't load any configuration except the VM default
        if (JreCompat.isGraalAvailable()) {
            try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File(System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file", "conf/logging.properties")))) {
                LogManager.getLogManager().readConfiguration(is);
            } catch (SecurityException | IOException e) {
                // Ignore, the VM default will be used
            }
        }
    }

    
Main executable method for use with a Maven packager.
Params:
args – the command line arguments
Throws:
Exception – if an error occurs/**
     * Main executable method for use with a Maven packager.
     * @param args the command line arguments
     * @throws Exception if an error occurs
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Process some command line parameters
        String[] catalinaArguments = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            if (args[i].equals("--no-jmx")) {
                Registry.disableRegistry();
            } else if (args[i].equals("--catalina")) {
                // This was already processed before
                // Skip the rest of the arguments as they are for Catalina
                ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
                for (int j = i + 1; j < args.length; j++) {
                    result.add(args[j]);
                }
                catalinaArguments = result.toArray(new String[0]);
                break;
            }
        }
        SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
        org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat tomcat = new org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat();
        // Create a Catalina instance and let it parse the configuration files
        // It will also set a shutdown hook to stop the Server when needed
        // Use the default configuration source
        tomcat.init(null, catalinaArguments);
        boolean await = false;
        String path = "";
        // Process command line parameters
        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            if (args[i].equals("--war")) {
                if (++i >= args.length) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i - 1]));
                }
                File war = new File(args[i]);
                tomcat.addWebapp(path, war.getAbsolutePath());
            } else if (args[i].equals("--path")) {
                if (++i >= args.length) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i - 1]));
                }
                path = args[i];
            } else if (args[i].equals("--await")) {
                await = true;
            } else if (args[i].equals("--no-jmx")) {
                // This was already processed before
            } else if (args[i].equals("--catalina")) {
                // This was already processed before
                // Skip the rest of the arguments as they are for Catalina
                break;
            } else {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i]));
            }
        }
        tomcat.start();
        // Ideally the utility threads are non daemon
        if (await) {
            tomcat.getServer().await();
        }
    }

}