/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.expression.spel.ast;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.StringJoiner;

import org.springframework.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.expression.EvaluationException;
import org.springframework.expression.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.expression.TypedValue;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.CodeFlow;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.ExpressionState;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelMessage;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.ReflectionHelper;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;

A function reference is of the form "#someFunction(a,b,c)". Functions may be defined
in the context prior to the expression being evaluated. Functions may also be static
Java methods, registered in the context prior to invocation of the expression.
Functions are very simplistic. The arguments are not part of the definition
(right now), so the names must be unique.
Author:
Andy Clement, Juergen Hoeller
Since:
3.0/**
 * A function reference is of the form "#someFunction(a,b,c)". Functions may be defined
 * in the context prior to the expression being evaluated. Functions may also be static
 * Java methods, registered in the context prior to invocation of the expression.
 *
 * <p>Functions are very simplistic. The arguments are not part of the definition
 * (right now), so the names must be unique.
 *
 * @author Andy Clement
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.0
 */
public class FunctionReference extends SpelNodeImpl {

	private final String name;

	// Captures the most recently used method for the function invocation *if* the method
	// can safely be used for compilation (i.e. no argument conversion is going on)
	@Nullable
	private volatile Method method;


	public FunctionReference(String functionName, int startPos, int endPos, SpelNodeImpl... arguments) {
		super(startPos, endPos, arguments);
		this.name = functionName;
	}


	@Override
	public TypedValue getValueInternal(ExpressionState state) throws EvaluationException {
		TypedValue value = state.lookupVariable(this.name);
		if (value == TypedValue.NULL) {
			throw new SpelEvaluationException(getStartPosition(), SpelMessage.FUNCTION_NOT_DEFINED, this.name);
		}
		if (!(value.getValue() instanceof Method)) {
			// Possibly a static Java method registered as a function
			throw new SpelEvaluationException(
					SpelMessage.FUNCTION_REFERENCE_CANNOT_BE_INVOKED, this.name, value.getClass());
		}

		try {
			return executeFunctionJLRMethod(state, (Method) value.getValue());
		}
		catch (SpelEvaluationException ex) {
			ex.setPosition(getStartPosition());
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	
Execute a function represented as a java.lang.reflect.Method. 
Params:
state – the expression evaluation state
method – the method to invoke
Throws:
EvaluationException – if there is any problem invoking the method
Returns:
the return value of the invoked Java method/**
	 * Execute a function represented as a {@code java.lang.reflect.Method}.
	 * @param state the expression evaluation state
	 * @param method the method to invoke
	 * @return the return value of the invoked Java method
	 * @throws EvaluationException if there is any problem invoking the method
	 */
	private TypedValue executeFunctionJLRMethod(ExpressionState state, Method method) throws EvaluationException {
		Object[] functionArgs = getArguments(state);

		if (!method.isVarArgs()) {
			int declaredParamCount = method.getParameterCount();
			if (declaredParamCount != functionArgs.length) {
				throw new SpelEvaluationException(SpelMessage.INCORRECT_NUMBER_OF_ARGUMENTS_TO_FUNCTION,
						functionArgs.length, declaredParamCount);
			}
		}
		if (!Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
			throw new SpelEvaluationException(getStartPosition(),
					SpelMessage.FUNCTION_MUST_BE_STATIC, ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method), this.name);
		}

		// Convert arguments if necessary and remap them for varargs if required
		TypeConverter converter = state.getEvaluationContext().getTypeConverter();
		boolean argumentConversionOccurred = ReflectionHelper.convertAllArguments(converter, functionArgs, method);
		if (method.isVarArgs()) {
			functionArgs = ReflectionHelper.setupArgumentsForVarargsInvocation(
					method.getParameterTypes(), functionArgs);
		}
		boolean compilable = false;

		try {
			ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
			Object result = method.invoke(method.getClass(), functionArgs);
			compilable = !argumentConversionOccurred;
			return new TypedValue(result, new TypeDescriptor(new MethodParameter(method, -1)).narrow(result));
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			throw new SpelEvaluationException(getStartPosition(), ex, SpelMessage.EXCEPTION_DURING_FUNCTION_CALL,
					this.name, ex.getMessage());
		}
		finally {
			if (compilable) {
				this.exitTypeDescriptor = CodeFlow.toDescriptor(method.getReturnType());
				this.method = method;
			}
			else {
				this.exitTypeDescriptor = null;
				this.method = null;
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public String toStringAST() {
		StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "(", ")");
		for (int i = 0; i < getChildCount(); i++) {
			sj.add(getChild(i).toStringAST());
		}
		return '#' + this.name + sj.toString();
	}

	
Compute the arguments to the function, they are the children of this expression node.
Returns:
an array of argument values for the function call/**
	 * Compute the arguments to the function, they are the children of this expression node.
	 * @return an array of argument values for the function call
	 */
	private Object[] getArguments(ExpressionState state) throws EvaluationException {
		// Compute arguments to the function
		Object[] arguments = new Object[getChildCount()];
		for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
			arguments[i] = this.children[i].getValueInternal(state).getValue();
		}
		return arguments;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isCompilable() {
		Method method = this.method;
		if (method == null) {
			return false;
		}
		int methodModifiers = method.getModifiers();
		if (!Modifier.isStatic(methodModifiers) || !Modifier.isPublic(methodModifiers) ||
				!Modifier.isPublic(method.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
			return false;
		}
		for (SpelNodeImpl child : this.children) {
			if (!child.isCompilable()) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void generateCode(MethodVisitor mv, CodeFlow cf) {
		Method method = this.method;
		Assert.state(method != null, "No method handle");
		String classDesc = method.getDeclaringClass().getName().replace('.', '/');
		generateCodeForArguments(mv, cf, method, this.children);
		mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, classDesc, method.getName(),
				CodeFlow.createSignatureDescriptor(method), false);
		cf.pushDescriptor(this.exitTypeDescriptor);
	}

}