/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.expression.spel;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
import org.springframework.expression.EvaluationContext;
import org.springframework.expression.EvaluationException;
import org.springframework.expression.Operation;
import org.springframework.expression.OperatorOverloader;
import org.springframework.expression.PropertyAccessor;
import org.springframework.expression.TypeComparator;
import org.springframework.expression.TypeConverter;
import org.springframework.expression.TypedValue;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;

An ExpressionState is for maintaining per-expression-evaluation state, any changes to
it are not seen by other expressions but it gives a place to hold local variables and
for component expressions in a compound expression to communicate state. This is in
contrast to the EvaluationContext, which is shared amongst expression evaluations, and
any changes to it will be seen by other expressions or any code that chooses to ask
questions of the context.
It also acts as a place for to define common utility routines that the various AST
nodes might need.
Author:
Andy Clement, Juergen Hoeller
Since:
3.0/**
 * An ExpressionState is for maintaining per-expression-evaluation state, any changes to
 * it are not seen by other expressions but it gives a place to hold local variables and
 * for component expressions in a compound expression to communicate state. This is in
 * contrast to the EvaluationContext, which is shared amongst expression evaluations, and
 * any changes to it will be seen by other expressions or any code that chooses to ask
 * questions of the context.
 *
 * <p>It also acts as a place for to define common utility routines that the various AST
 * nodes might need.
 *
 * @author Andy Clement
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.0
 */
public class ExpressionState {

	private final EvaluationContext relatedContext;

	private final TypedValue rootObject;

	private final SpelParserConfiguration configuration;

	@Nullable
	private Deque<TypedValue> contextObjects;

	@Nullable
	private Deque<VariableScope> variableScopes;

	// When entering a new scope there is a new base object which should be used
	// for '#this' references (or to act as a target for unqualified references).
	// This ArrayDeque captures those objects at each nested scope level.
	// For example:
	// #list1.?[#list2.contains(#this)]
	// On entering the selection we enter a new scope, and #this is now the
	// element from list1
	@Nullable
	private ArrayDeque<TypedValue> scopeRootObjects;


	public ExpressionState(EvaluationContext context) {
		this(context, context.getRootObject(), new SpelParserConfiguration(false, false));
	}

	public ExpressionState(EvaluationContext context, SpelParserConfiguration configuration) {
		this(context, context.getRootObject(), configuration);
	}

	public ExpressionState(EvaluationContext context, TypedValue rootObject) {
		this(context, rootObject, new SpelParserConfiguration(false, false));
	}

	public ExpressionState(EvaluationContext context, TypedValue rootObject, SpelParserConfiguration configuration) {
		Assert.notNull(context, "EvaluationContext must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(configuration, "SpelParserConfiguration must not be null");
		this.relatedContext = context;
		this.rootObject = rootObject;
		this.configuration = configuration;
	}


	
The active context object is what unqualified references to properties/etc are resolved against.
/**
	 * The active context object is what unqualified references to properties/etc are resolved against.
	 */
	public TypedValue getActiveContextObject() {
		if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.contextObjects)) {
			return this.rootObject;
		}
		return this.contextObjects.element();
	}

	public void pushActiveContextObject(TypedValue obj) {
		if (this.contextObjects == null) {
			this.contextObjects = new ArrayDeque<>();
		}
		this.contextObjects.push(obj);
	}

	public void popActiveContextObject() {
		if (this.contextObjects == null) {
			this.contextObjects = new ArrayDeque<>();
		}
		try {
			this.contextObjects.pop();
		}
		catch (NoSuchElementException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot pop active context object: stack is empty");
		}
	}

	public TypedValue getRootContextObject() {
		return this.rootObject;
	}

	public TypedValue getScopeRootContextObject() {
		if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.scopeRootObjects)) {
			return this.rootObject;
		}
		return this.scopeRootObjects.element();
	}

	public void setVariable(String name, @Nullable Object value) {
		this.relatedContext.setVariable(name, value);
	}

	public TypedValue lookupVariable(String name) {
		Object value = this.relatedContext.lookupVariable(name);
		return (value != null ? new TypedValue(value) : TypedValue.NULL);
	}

	public TypeComparator getTypeComparator() {
		return this.relatedContext.getTypeComparator();
	}

	public Class<?> findType(String type) throws EvaluationException {
		return this.relatedContext.getTypeLocator().findType(type);
	}

	public Object convertValue(Object value, TypeDescriptor targetTypeDescriptor) throws EvaluationException {
		Object result = this.relatedContext.getTypeConverter().convertValue(
				value, TypeDescriptor.forObject(value), targetTypeDescriptor);
		if (result == null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Null conversion result for value [" + value + "]");
		}
		return result;
	}

	public TypeConverter getTypeConverter() {
		return this.relatedContext.getTypeConverter();
	}

	@Nullable
	public Object convertValue(TypedValue value, TypeDescriptor targetTypeDescriptor) throws EvaluationException {
		Object val = value.getValue();
		return this.relatedContext.getTypeConverter().convertValue(
				val, TypeDescriptor.forObject(val), targetTypeDescriptor);
	}

	/*
	 * A new scope is entered when a function is invoked.
	 */
	public void enterScope(Map<String, Object> argMap) {
		initVariableScopes().push(new VariableScope(argMap));
		initScopeRootObjects().push(getActiveContextObject());
	}

	public void enterScope() {
		initVariableScopes().push(new VariableScope(Collections.emptyMap()));
		initScopeRootObjects().push(getActiveContextObject());
	}

	public void enterScope(String name, Object value) {
		initVariableScopes().push(new VariableScope(name, value));
		initScopeRootObjects().push(getActiveContextObject());
	}

	public void exitScope() {
		initVariableScopes().pop();
		initScopeRootObjects().pop();
	}

	public void setLocalVariable(String name, Object value) {
		initVariableScopes().element().setVariable(name, value);
	}

	@Nullable
	public Object lookupLocalVariable(String name) {
		for (VariableScope scope : initVariableScopes()) {
			if (scope.definesVariable(name)) {
				return scope.lookupVariable(name);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private Deque<VariableScope> initVariableScopes() {
		if (this.variableScopes == null) {
			this.variableScopes = new ArrayDeque<>();
			// top-level empty variable scope
			this.variableScopes.add(new VariableScope());
		}
		return this.variableScopes;
	}

	private Deque<TypedValue> initScopeRootObjects() {
		if (this.scopeRootObjects == null) {
			this.scopeRootObjects = new ArrayDeque<>();
		}
		return this.scopeRootObjects;
	}

	public TypedValue operate(Operation op, @Nullable Object left, @Nullable Object right) throws EvaluationException {
		OperatorOverloader overloader = this.relatedContext.getOperatorOverloader();
		if (overloader.overridesOperation(op, left, right)) {
			Object returnValue = overloader.operate(op, left, right);
			return new TypedValue(returnValue);
		}
		else {
			String leftType = (left == null ? "null" : left.getClass().getName());
			String rightType = (right == null? "null" : right.getClass().getName());
			throw new SpelEvaluationException(SpelMessage.OPERATOR_NOT_SUPPORTED_BETWEEN_TYPES, op, leftType, rightType);
		}
	}

	public List<PropertyAccessor> getPropertyAccessors() {
		return this.relatedContext.getPropertyAccessors();
	}

	public EvaluationContext getEvaluationContext() {
		return this.relatedContext;
	}

	public SpelParserConfiguration getConfiguration() {
		return this.configuration;
	}


	
A new scope is entered when a function is called and it is used to hold the
parameters to the function call. If the names of the parameters clash with
those in a higher level scope, those in the higher level scope will not be
accessible whilst the function is executing. When the function returns,
the scope is exited.
/**
	 * A new scope is entered when a function is called and it is used to hold the
	 * parameters to the function call. If the names of the parameters clash with
	 * those in a higher level scope, those in the higher level scope will not be
	 * accessible whilst the function is executing. When the function returns,
	 * the scope is exited.
	 */
	private static class VariableScope {

		private final Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<>();

		public VariableScope() {
		}

		public VariableScope(@Nullable Map<String, Object> arguments) {
			if (arguments != null) {
				this.vars.putAll(arguments);
			}
		}

		public VariableScope(String name, Object value) {
			this.vars.put(name,value);
		}

		public Object lookupVariable(String name) {
			return this.vars.get(name);
		}

		public void setVariable(String name, Object value) {
			this.vars.put(name,value);
		}

		public boolean definesVariable(String name) {
			return this.vars.containsKey(name);
		}
	}

}