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 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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package org.apache.lucene.util;

import java.util.Comparator;

Implementation of the quick select algorithm.
 
It uses the median of the first, middle and last values as a pivot and falls back to a heap sort when the number of recursion levels exceeds 2 lg(n), as a consequence it runs in linear time on average and in n log(n) time in the worst case.
 @lucene.internal /** Implementation of the quick select algorithm.
 *  <p>It uses the median of the first, middle and last values as a pivot and
 *  falls back to a heap sort when the number of recursion levels exceeds
 *  {@code 2 lg(n)}, as a consequence it runs in linear time on average and in
 *  {@code n log(n)} time in the worst case.</p>
 *  @lucene.internal */
public abstract class IntroSelector extends Selector {

  @Override
  public final void select(int from, int to, int k) {
    checkArgs(from, to, k);
    final int maxDepth = 2 * MathUtil.log(to - from, 2);
    quickSelect(from, to, k, maxDepth);
  }

  // heap sort
  // TODO: use median of median instead to have linear worst-case rather than
  // n*log(n)
  void slowSelect(int from, int to, int k) {
    new Sorter() {

      @Override
      protected void swap(int i, int j) {
        IntroSelector.this.swap(i, j);
      }

      @Override
      protected int compare(int i, int j) {
        return IntroSelector.this.compare(i, j);
      }

      public void sort(int from, int to) {
        heapSort(from, to);
      }
    }.sort(from, to);
  }

  private void quickSelect(int from, int to, int k, int maxDepth) {
    assert from <= k;
    assert k < to;
    if (to - from == 1) {
      return;
    }
    if (--maxDepth < 0) {
      slowSelect(from, to, k);
      return;
    }

    final int mid = (from + to) >>> 1;
    // heuristic: we use the median of the values at from, to-1 and mid as a pivot
    if (compare(from, to - 1) > 0) {
      swap(from, to - 1);
    }
    if (compare(to - 1, mid) > 0) {
      swap(to - 1, mid);
      if (compare(from, to - 1) > 0) {
        swap(from, to - 1);
      }
    }

    setPivot(to - 1);

    int left = from + 1;
    int right = to - 2;

    for (;;) {
      while (comparePivot(left) > 0) {
        ++left;
      }

      while (left < right && comparePivot(right) <= 0) {
        --right;
      }

      if (left < right) {
        swap(left, right);
        --right;
      } else {
        break;
      }
    }
    swap(left, to - 1);

    if (left == k) {
      return;
    } else if (left < k) {
      quickSelect(left + 1, to, k, maxDepth);
    } else {
      quickSelect(from, left, k, maxDepth);
    }
  }

  
Compare entries found in slots i and j. The contract for the returned value is the same as Comparator.compare(Object, Object). /** Compare entries found in slots <code>i</code> and <code>j</code>.
   *  The contract for the returned value is the same as
   *  {@link Comparator#compare(Object, Object)}. */
  protected int compare(int i, int j) {
    setPivot(i);
    return comparePivot(j);
  }

  
Save the value at slot i so that it can later be used as a pivot, see comparePivot(int). /** Save the value at slot <code>i</code> so that it can later be used as a
   * pivot, see {@link #comparePivot(int)}. */
  protected abstract void setPivot(int i);

  
Compare the pivot with the slot at j, similarly to compare(i, j). /** Compare the pivot with the slot at <code>j</code>, similarly to
   *  {@link #compare(int, int) compare(i, j)}. */
  protected abstract int comparePivot(int j);
}