/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.compress.compressors.gzip;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.util.zip.DataFormatException;
import java.util.zip.Deflater;
import java.util.zip.Inflater;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;

import org.apache.commons.compress.compressors.CompressorInputStream;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.ByteUtils;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.CharsetNames;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.CountingInputStream;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.InputStreamStatistics;

Input stream that decompresses .gz files.
This supports decompressing concatenated .gz files which is important
when decompressing standalone .gz files.
 GZIPInputStream doesn't decompress concatenated .gz files: it stops after the first member and silently ignores the rest. It doesn't leave the read position to point to the beginning of the next member, which makes it difficult workaround the lack of concatenation support. 

Instead of using GZIPInputStream, this class has its own .gz container format decoder. The actual decompression is done with Inflater. 
If you use the constructor GzipCompressorInputStream(in) or GzipCompressorInputStream(in, false) with some 
InputStream in then read will return -1 as soon as the first internal member has been read completely. The stream in will be positioned at the start of the second gzip member if there is one.
If you use the constructor GzipCompressorInputStream(in,
true) with some InputStream in then read will return -1 once the stream in has been exhausted. The data read from a stream constructed this way will consist of the concatenated data of all gzip members contained inside 
in.
See Also:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1952/**
 * Input stream that decompresses .gz files.
 *
 * <p>This supports decompressing concatenated .gz files which is important
 * when decompressing standalone .gz files.</p>
 *
 * <p>
 * {@link java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream} doesn't decompress concatenated .gz
 * files: it stops after the first member and silently ignores the rest.
 * It doesn't leave the read position to point to the beginning of the next
 * member, which makes it difficult workaround the lack of concatenation
 * support.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * Instead of using <code>GZIPInputStream</code>, this class has its own .gz
 * container format decoder. The actual decompression is done with
 * {@link java.util.zip.Inflater}.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>If you use the constructor {@code GzipCompressorInputStream(in)}
 * or {@code GzipCompressorInputStream(in, false)} with some {@code
 * InputStream} {@code in} then {@link #read} will return -1 as soon
 * as the first internal member has been read completely. The stream
 * {@code in} will be positioned at the start of the second gzip
 * member if there is one.</p>
 *
 * <p>If you use the constructor {@code GzipCompressorInputStream(in,
 * true)} with some {@code InputStream} {@code in} then {@link #read}
 * will return -1 once the stream {@code in} has been exhausted. The
 * data read from a stream constructed this way will consist of the
 * concatenated data of all gzip members contained inside {@code
 * in}.</p>
 *
 * @see "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1952"
 */
public class GzipCompressorInputStream extends CompressorInputStream
    implements InputStreamStatistics {

    // Header flags
    // private static final int FTEXT = 0x01; // Uninteresting for us
    private static final int FHCRC = 0x02;
    private static final int FEXTRA = 0x04;
    private static final int FNAME = 0x08;
    private static final int FCOMMENT = 0x10;
    private static final int FRESERVED = 0xE0;

    private final CountingInputStream countingStream;

    // Compressed input stream, possibly wrapped in a
    // BufferedInputStream, always wrapped in countingStream above
    private final InputStream in;

    // True if decompressing multi member streams.
    private final boolean decompressConcatenated;

    // Buffer to hold the input data
    private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];

    // Amount of data in buf.
    private int bufUsed;

    // Decompressor
    private Inflater inf = new Inflater(true);

    // CRC32 from uncompressed data
    private final CRC32 crc = new CRC32();

    // True once everything has been decompressed
    private boolean endReached = false;

    // used in no-arg read method
    private final byte[] oneByte = new byte[1];

    private final GzipParameters parameters = new GzipParameters();

    
Constructs a new input stream that decompresses gzip-compressed data
from the specified input stream.

This is equivalent to
GzipCompressorInputStream(inputStream, false) and thus
will not decompress concatenated .gz files.
Params:
inputStream –  the InputStream from which this object should
                    be created of
Throws:
IOException – if the stream could not be created/**
     * Constructs a new input stream that decompresses gzip-compressed data
     * from the specified input stream.
     * <p>
     * This is equivalent to
     * <code>GzipCompressorInputStream(inputStream, false)</code> and thus
     * will not decompress concatenated .gz files.
     *
     * @param inputStream  the InputStream from which this object should
     *                     be created of
     *
     * @throws IOException if the stream could not be created
     */
    public GzipCompressorInputStream(final InputStream inputStream)
            throws IOException {
        this(inputStream, false);
    }

    
Constructs a new input stream that decompresses gzip-compressed data
from the specified input stream.

If decompressConcatenated is false: This decompressor might read more input than it will actually use. If inputStream supports mark and
reset, then the input position will be adjusted
so that it is right after the last byte of the compressed stream.
If mark isn't supported, the input position will be
undefined.
Params:
inputStream –  the InputStream from which this object should
                    be created of
decompressConcatenated – 
                    if true, decompress until the end of the input;
                    if false, stop after the first .gz member
Throws:
IOException – if the stream could not be created/**
     * Constructs a new input stream that decompresses gzip-compressed data
     * from the specified input stream.
     * <p>
     * If <code>decompressConcatenated</code> is {@code false}:
     * This decompressor might read more input than it will actually use.
     * If <code>inputStream</code> supports <code>mark</code> and
     * <code>reset</code>, then the input position will be adjusted
     * so that it is right after the last byte of the compressed stream.
     * If <code>mark</code> isn't supported, the input position will be
     * undefined.
     *
     * @param inputStream  the InputStream from which this object should
     *                     be created of
     * @param decompressConcatenated
     *                     if true, decompress until the end of the input;
     *                     if false, stop after the first .gz member
     *
     * @throws IOException if the stream could not be created
     */
    public GzipCompressorInputStream(final InputStream inputStream,
                                     final boolean decompressConcatenated)
            throws IOException {
        countingStream = new CountingInputStream(inputStream);
        // Mark support is strictly needed for concatenated files only,
        // but it's simpler if it is always available.
        if (countingStream.markSupported()) {
            in = countingStream;
        } else {
            in = new BufferedInputStream(countingStream);
        }

        this.decompressConcatenated = decompressConcatenated;
        init(true);
    }

    
Provides the stream's meta data - may change with each stream
when decompressing concatenated streams.
Returns:
the stream's meta data
Since:
1.8/**
     * Provides the stream's meta data - may change with each stream
     * when decompressing concatenated streams.
     * @return the stream's meta data
     * @since 1.8
     */
    public GzipParameters getMetaData() {
        return parameters;
    }

    private boolean init(final boolean isFirstMember) throws IOException {
        assert isFirstMember || decompressConcatenated;

        // Check the magic bytes without a possibility of EOFException.
        final int magic0 = in.read();

        // If end of input was reached after decompressing at least
        // one .gz member, we have reached the end of the file successfully.
        if (magic0 == -1 && !isFirstMember) {
            return false;
        }

        if (magic0 != 31 || in.read() != 139) {
            throw new IOException(isFirstMember
                                  ? "Input is not in the .gz format"
                                  : "Garbage after a valid .gz stream");
        }

        // Parsing the rest of the header may throw EOFException.
        final DataInput inData = new DataInputStream(in);
        final int method = inData.readUnsignedByte();
        if (method != Deflater.DEFLATED) {
            throw new IOException("Unsupported compression method "
                                  + method + " in the .gz header");
        }

        final int flg = inData.readUnsignedByte();
        if ((flg & FRESERVED) != 0) {
            throw new IOException(
                    "Reserved flags are set in the .gz header");
        }

        parameters.setModificationTime(ByteUtils.fromLittleEndian(inData, 4) * 1000);
        switch (inData.readUnsignedByte()) { // extra flags
        case 2:
            parameters.setCompressionLevel(Deflater.BEST_COMPRESSION);
            break;
        case 4:
            parameters.setCompressionLevel(Deflater.BEST_SPEED);
            break;
        default:
            // ignored for now
            break;
        }
        parameters.setOperatingSystem(inData.readUnsignedByte());

        // Extra field, ignored
        if ((flg & FEXTRA) != 0) {
            int xlen = inData.readUnsignedByte();
            xlen |= inData.readUnsignedByte() << 8;

            // This isn't as efficient as calling in.skip would be,
            // but it's lazier to handle unexpected end of input this way.
            // Most files don't have an extra field anyway.
            while (xlen-- > 0) {
                inData.readUnsignedByte();
            }
        }

        // Original file name
        if ((flg & FNAME) != 0) {
            parameters.setFilename(new String(readToNull(inData),
                                              CharsetNames.ISO_8859_1));
        }

        // Comment
        if ((flg & FCOMMENT) != 0) {
            parameters.setComment(new String(readToNull(inData),
                                             CharsetNames.ISO_8859_1));
        }

        // Header "CRC16" which is actually a truncated CRC32 (which isn't
        // as good as real CRC16). I don't know if any encoder implementation
        // sets this, so it's not worth trying to verify it. GNU gzip 1.4
        // doesn't support this field, but zlib seems to be able to at least
        // skip over it.
        if ((flg & FHCRC) != 0) {
            inData.readShort();
        }

        // Reset
        inf.reset();
        crc.reset();

        return true;
    }

    private static byte[] readToNull(final DataInput inData) throws IOException {
        try (final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            int b = 0;
            while ((b = inData.readUnsignedByte()) != 0x00) { // NOPMD NOSONAR
                bos.write(b);
            }
            return bos.toByteArray();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int read() throws IOException {
        return read(oneByte, 0, 1) == -1 ? -1 : oneByte[0] & 0xFF;
    }

    
{@inheritDoc}
Since:
1.1/**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * @since 1.1
     */
    @Override
    public int read(final byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        if (len == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (endReached) {
            return -1;
        }

        int size = 0;

        while (len > 0) {
            if (inf.needsInput()) {
                // Remember the current position because we may need to
                // rewind after reading too much input.
                in.mark(buf.length);

                bufUsed = in.read(buf);
                if (bufUsed == -1) {
                    throw new EOFException();
                }

                inf.setInput(buf, 0, bufUsed);
            }

            int ret;
            try {
                ret = inf.inflate(b, off, len);
            } catch (final DataFormatException e) { // NOSONAR
                throw new IOException("Gzip-compressed data is corrupt");
            }

            crc.update(b, off, ret);
            off += ret;
            len -= ret;
            size += ret;
            count(ret);

            if (inf.finished()) {
                // We may have read too many bytes. Rewind the read
                // position to match the actual amount used.
                in.reset();

                final int skipAmount = bufUsed - inf.getRemaining();
                if (IOUtils.skip(in, skipAmount) != skipAmount) {
                    throw new IOException();
                }

                bufUsed = 0;

                final DataInput inData = new DataInputStream(in);

                // CRC32
                final long crcStored = ByteUtils.fromLittleEndian(inData, 4);

                if (crcStored != crc.getValue()) {
                    throw new IOException("Gzip-compressed data is corrupt "
                                          + "(CRC32 error)");
                }

                // Uncompressed size modulo 2^32 (ISIZE in the spec)
                final long isize = ByteUtils.fromLittleEndian(inData, 4);

                if (isize != (inf.getBytesWritten() & 0xffffffffL)) {
                    throw new IOException("Gzip-compressed data is corrupt"
                                          + "(uncompressed size mismatch)");
                }

                // See if this is the end of the file.
                if (!decompressConcatenated || !init(false)) {
                    inf.end();
                    inf = null;
                    endReached = true;
                    return size == 0 ? -1 : size;
                }
            }
        }

        return size;
    }

    
Checks if the signature matches what is expected for a .gz file.
Params:
signature – the bytes to check
length –    the number of bytes to check
Returns:
         true if this is a .gz stream, false otherwise
Since:
1.1/**
     * Checks if the signature matches what is expected for a .gz file.
     *
     * @param signature the bytes to check
     * @param length    the number of bytes to check
     * @return          true if this is a .gz stream, false otherwise
     *
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public static boolean matches(final byte[] signature, final int length) {
        return length >= 2 && signature[0] == 31 && signature[1] == -117;
    }

    
Closes the input stream (unless it is System.in).
Since:
1.2/**
     * Closes the input stream (unless it is System.in).
     *
     * @since 1.2
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException {
        if (inf != null) {
            inf.end();
            inf = null;
        }

        if (this.in != System.in) {
            this.in.close();
        }
    }

    
Since:
1.17/**
     * @since 1.17
     */
    @Override
    public long getCompressedCount() {
        return countingStream.getBytesRead();
    }
}