/*
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
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 *
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/*
 * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996, 1997 - All Rights Reserved
 * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 - 1998 - All Rights Reserved
 *
 *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted
 * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These
 * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent
 * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International
 * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
 *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
 *
 */

package java.text;

import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;

A ChoiceFormat allows you to attach a format to a range of numbers.
It is generally used in a MessageFormat for handling plurals.
The choice is specified with an ascending list of doubles, where each item
specifies a half-open interval up to the next item:

X matches j if and only if limit[j] <= X < limit[j+1]


If there is no match, then either the first or last index is used, depending
on whether the number (X) is too low or too high.  If the limit array is not
in ascending order, the results of formatting will be incorrect.  ChoiceFormat
also accepts \u221E as equivalent to infinity(INF).

Note:
ChoiceFormat differs from the other Format
classes in that you create a ChoiceFormat object with a
constructor (not with a getInstance style factory
method). The factory methods aren't necessary because ChoiceFormat
doesn't require any complex setup for a given locale. In fact,
ChoiceFormat doesn't implement any locale specific behavior.

When creating a ChoiceFormat, you must specify an array of formats
and an array of limits. The length of these arrays must be the same.
For example,


    limits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

    formats = {"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thur","Fri","Sat"}

    limits = {0, 1, ChoiceFormat.nextDouble(1)}

    formats = {"no files", "one file", "many files"}

    (nextDouble can be used to get the next higher double, to
    make the half-open interval.)


Here is a simple example that shows formatting and parsing:

double[] limits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7};
String[] dayOfWeekNames = {"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thur","Fri","Sat"};
ChoiceFormat form = new ChoiceFormat(limits, dayOfWeekNames);
ParsePosition status = new ParsePosition(0);
for (double i = 0.0; i <= 8.0; ++i) {
    status.setIndex(0);
    System.out.println(i + " -> " + form.format(i) + " -> "
                             + form.parse(form.format(i),status));
}


Here is a more complex example, with a pattern format:

double[] filelimits = {0,1,2};
String[] filepart = {"are no files","is one file","are {2} files"};
ChoiceFormat fileform = new ChoiceFormat(filelimits, filepart);
Format[] testFormats = {fileform, null, NumberFormat.getInstance()};
MessageFormat pattform = new MessageFormat("There {0} on {1}");
pattform.setFormats(testFormats);
Object[] testArgs = {null, "ADisk", null};
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
    testArgs[0] = new Integer(i);
    testArgs[2] = testArgs[0];
    System.out.println(pattform.format(testArgs));
}



Specifying a pattern for ChoiceFormat objects is fairly straightforward.
For example:

ChoiceFormat fmt = new ChoiceFormat(
     "-1#is negative| 0#is zero or fraction | 1#is one |1.0<is 1+ |2#is two |2<is more than 2.");
System.out.println("Formatter Pattern : " + fmt.toPattern());
System.out.println("Format with -INF : " + fmt.format(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));
System.out.println("Format with -1.0 : " + fmt.format(-1.0));
System.out.println("Format with 0 : " + fmt.format(0));
System.out.println("Format with 0.9 : " + fmt.format(0.9));
System.out.println("Format with 1.0 : " + fmt.format(1));
System.out.println("Format with 1.5 : " + fmt.format(1.5));
System.out.println("Format with 2 : " + fmt.format(2));
System.out.println("Format with 2.1 : " + fmt.format(2.1));
System.out.println("Format with NaN : " + fmt.format(Double.NaN));
System.out.println("Format with +INF : " + fmt.format(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY));


And the output result would be like the following:

  Format with -INF : is negative
  Format with -1.0 : is negative
  Format with 0 : is zero or fraction
  Format with 0.9 : is zero or fraction
  Format with 1.0 : is one
  Format with 1.5 : is 1+
  Format with 2 : is two
  Format with 2.1 : is more than 2.
  Format with NaN : is negative
  Format with +INF : is more than 2.


Synchronization

Choice formats are not synchronized.
It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized
externally.
Author:
      Mark Davis
See Also:
DecimalFormat
MessageFormat/**
 * A <code>ChoiceFormat</code> allows you to attach a format to a range of numbers.
 * It is generally used in a <code>MessageFormat</code> for handling plurals.
 * The choice is specified with an ascending list of doubles, where each item
 * specifies a half-open interval up to the next item:
 * <blockquote>
 * <pre>
 * X matches j if and only if limit[j] &lt;= X &lt; limit[j+1]
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 * If there is no match, then either the first or last index is used, depending
 * on whether the number (X) is too low or too high.  If the limit array is not
 * in ascending order, the results of formatting will be incorrect.  ChoiceFormat
 * also accepts <code>&#92;u221E</code> as equivalent to infinity(INF).
 *
 * <p>
 * <strong>Note:</strong>
 * <code>ChoiceFormat</code> differs from the other <code>Format</code>
 * classes in that you create a <code>ChoiceFormat</code> object with a
 * constructor (not with a <code>getInstance</code> style factory
 * method). The factory methods aren't necessary because <code>ChoiceFormat</code>
 * doesn't require any complex setup for a given locale. In fact,
 * <code>ChoiceFormat</code> doesn't implement any locale specific behavior.
 *
 * <p>
 * When creating a <code>ChoiceFormat</code>, you must specify an array of formats
 * and an array of limits. The length of these arrays must be the same.
 * For example,
 * <ul>
 * <li>
 *     <em>limits</em> = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}<br>
 *     <em>formats</em> = {"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thur","Fri","Sat"}
 * <li>
 *     <em>limits</em> = {0, 1, ChoiceFormat.nextDouble(1)}<br>
 *     <em>formats</em> = {"no files", "one file", "many files"}<br>
 *     (<code>nextDouble</code> can be used to get the next higher double, to
 *     make the half-open interval.)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>
 * Here is a simple example that shows formatting and parsing:
 * <blockquote>
 * <pre>
 * double[] limits = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7};
 * String[] dayOfWeekNames = {"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thur","Fri","Sat"};
 * ChoiceFormat form = new ChoiceFormat(limits, dayOfWeekNames);
 * ParsePosition status = new ParsePosition(0);
 * for (double i = 0.0; i &lt;= 8.0; ++i) {
 *     status.setIndex(0);
 *     System.out.println(i + " -&gt; " + form.format(i) + " -&gt; "
 *                              + form.parse(form.format(i),status));
 * }
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 * Here is a more complex example, with a pattern format:
 * <blockquote>
 * <pre>
 * double[] filelimits = {0,1,2};
 * String[] filepart = {"are no files","is one file","are {2} files"};
 * ChoiceFormat fileform = new ChoiceFormat(filelimits, filepart);
 * Format[] testFormats = {fileform, null, NumberFormat.getInstance()};
 * MessageFormat pattform = new MessageFormat("There {0} on {1}");
 * pattform.setFormats(testFormats);
 * Object[] testArgs = {null, "ADisk", null};
 * for (int i = 0; i &lt; 4; ++i) {
 *     testArgs[0] = new Integer(i);
 *     testArgs[2] = testArgs[0];
 *     System.out.println(pattform.format(testArgs));
 * }
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 * <p>
 * Specifying a pattern for ChoiceFormat objects is fairly straightforward.
 * For example:
 * <blockquote>
 * <pre>
 * ChoiceFormat fmt = new ChoiceFormat(
 *      "-1#is negative| 0#is zero or fraction | 1#is one |1.0&lt;is 1+ |2#is two |2&lt;is more than 2.");
 * System.out.println("Formatter Pattern : " + fmt.toPattern());
 *
 * System.out.println("Format with -INF : " + fmt.format(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY));
 * System.out.println("Format with -1.0 : " + fmt.format(-1.0));
 * System.out.println("Format with 0 : " + fmt.format(0));
 * System.out.println("Format with 0.9 : " + fmt.format(0.9));
 * System.out.println("Format with 1.0 : " + fmt.format(1));
 * System.out.println("Format with 1.5 : " + fmt.format(1.5));
 * System.out.println("Format with 2 : " + fmt.format(2));
 * System.out.println("Format with 2.1 : " + fmt.format(2.1));
 * System.out.println("Format with NaN : " + fmt.format(Double.NaN));
 * System.out.println("Format with +INF : " + fmt.format(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY));
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 * And the output result would be like the following:
 * <pre>
 * <blockquote>
 *   Format with -INF : is negative
 *   Format with -1.0 : is negative
 *   Format with 0 : is zero or fraction
 *   Format with 0.9 : is zero or fraction
 *   Format with 1.0 : is one
 *   Format with 1.5 : is 1+
 *   Format with 2 : is two
 *   Format with 2.1 : is more than 2.
 *   Format with NaN : is negative
 *   Format with +INF : is more than 2.
 * </pre>
 * </blockquote>
 *
 * <h4><a name="synchronization">Synchronization</a></h4>
 *
 * <p>
 * Choice formats are not synchronized.
 * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
 * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized
 * externally.
 *
 *
 * @see          DecimalFormat
 * @see          MessageFormat
 * @author       Mark Davis
 */
public class ChoiceFormat extends NumberFormat {

    // Proclaim serial compatibility with 1.1 FCS
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1795184449645032964L;

    
Sets the pattern.
Params:
newPattern – See the class description./**
     * Sets the pattern.
     * @param newPattern See the class description.
     */
    public void applyPattern(String newPattern) {
        StringBuffer[] segments = new StringBuffer[2];
        for (int i = 0; i < segments.length; ++i) {
            segments[i] = new StringBuffer();
        }
        double[] newChoiceLimits = new double[30];
        String[] newChoiceFormats = new String[30];
        int count = 0;
        int part = 0;
        double startValue = 0;
        double oldStartValue = Double.NaN;
        boolean inQuote = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < newPattern.length(); ++i) {
            char ch = newPattern.charAt(i);
            if (ch=='\'') {
                // Check for "''" indicating a literal quote
                if ((i+1)<newPattern.length() && newPattern.charAt(i+1)==ch) {
                    segments[part].append(ch);
                    ++i;
                } else {
                    inQuote = !inQuote;
                }
            } else if (inQuote) {
                segments[part].append(ch);
            } else if (ch == '<' || ch == '#' || ch == '\u2264') {
                if (segments[0].length() == 0) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException();
                }
                try {
                    String tempBuffer = segments[0].toString();
                    if (tempBuffer.equals("\u221E")) {
                        startValue = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
                    } else if (tempBuffer.equals("-\u221E")) {
                        startValue = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
                    } else {
                        startValue = Double.valueOf(segments[0].toString()).doubleValue();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException();
                }
                if (ch == '<' && startValue != Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY &&
                        startValue != Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
                    startValue = nextDouble(startValue);
                }
                if (startValue <= oldStartValue) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException();
                }
                segments[0].setLength(0);
                part = 1;
            } else if (ch == '|') {
                if (count == newChoiceLimits.length) {
                    newChoiceLimits = doubleArraySize(newChoiceLimits);
                    newChoiceFormats = doubleArraySize(newChoiceFormats);
                }
                newChoiceLimits[count] = startValue;
                newChoiceFormats[count] = segments[1].toString();
                ++count;
                oldStartValue = startValue;
                segments[1].setLength(0);
                part = 0;
            } else {
                segments[part].append(ch);
            }
        }
        // clean up last one
        if (part == 1) {
            if (count == newChoiceLimits.length) {
                newChoiceLimits = doubleArraySize(newChoiceLimits);
                newChoiceFormats = doubleArraySize(newChoiceFormats);
            }
            newChoiceLimits[count] = startValue;
            newChoiceFormats[count] = segments[1].toString();
            ++count;
        }
        choiceLimits = new double[count];
        System.arraycopy(newChoiceLimits, 0, choiceLimits, 0, count);
        choiceFormats = new String[count];
        System.arraycopy(newChoiceFormats, 0, choiceFormats, 0, count);
    }

    
Gets the pattern.
/**
     * Gets the pattern.
     */
    public String toPattern() {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < choiceLimits.length; ++i) {
            if (i != 0) {
                result.append('|');
            }
            // choose based upon which has less precision
            // approximate that by choosing the closest one to an integer.
            // could do better, but it's not worth it.
            double less = previousDouble(choiceLimits[i]);
            double tryLessOrEqual = Math.abs(Math.IEEEremainder(choiceLimits[i], 1.0d));
            double tryLess = Math.abs(Math.IEEEremainder(less, 1.0d));

            if (tryLessOrEqual < tryLess) {
                result.append(""+choiceLimits[i]);
                result.append('#');
            } else {
                if (choiceLimits[i] == Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                    result.append("\u221E");
                } else if (choiceLimits[i] == Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) {
                    result.append("-\u221E");
                } else {
                    result.append(""+less);
                }
                result.append('<');
            }
            // Append choiceFormats[i], using quotes if there are special characters.
            // Single quotes themselves must be escaped in either case.
            String text = choiceFormats[i];
            boolean needQuote = text.indexOf('<') >= 0
                || text.indexOf('#') >= 0
                || text.indexOf('\u2264') >= 0
                || text.indexOf('|') >= 0;
            if (needQuote) result.append('\'');
            if (text.indexOf('\'') < 0) result.append(text);
            else {
                for (int j=0; j<text.length(); ++j) {
                    char c = text.charAt(j);
                    result.append(c);
                    if (c == '\'') result.append(c);
                }
            }
            if (needQuote) result.append('\'');
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    
Constructs with limits and corresponding formats based on the pattern.
See Also:
applyPattern/**
     * Constructs with limits and corresponding formats based on the pattern.
     * @see #applyPattern
     */
    public ChoiceFormat(String newPattern)  {
        applyPattern(newPattern);
    }

    
Constructs with the limits and the corresponding formats.
See Also:
setChoices/**
     * Constructs with the limits and the corresponding formats.
     * @see #setChoices
     */
    public ChoiceFormat(double[] limits, String[] formats) {
        setChoices(limits, formats);
    }

    
Set the choices to be used in formatting.
Params:
limits – contains the top value that you want
parsed with that format,and should be in ascending sorted order. When
formatting X, the choice will be the i, where
limit[i] <= X < limit[i+1].
If the limit array is not in ascending order, the results of formatting
will be incorrect.
formats – are the formats you want to use for each limit.
They can be either Format objects or Strings.
When formatting with object Y,
if the object is a NumberFormat, then ((NumberFormat) Y).format(X)
is called. Otherwise Y.toString() is called./**
     * Set the choices to be used in formatting.
     * @param limits contains the top value that you want
     * parsed with that format,and should be in ascending sorted order. When
     * formatting X, the choice will be the i, where
     * limit[i] &lt;= X &lt; limit[i+1].
     * If the limit array is not in ascending order, the results of formatting
     * will be incorrect.
     * @param formats are the formats you want to use for each limit.
     * They can be either Format objects or Strings.
     * When formatting with object Y,
     * if the object is a NumberFormat, then ((NumberFormat) Y).format(X)
     * is called. Otherwise Y.toString() is called.
     */
    public void setChoices(double[] limits, String formats[]) {
        if (limits.length != formats.length) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Array and limit arrays must be of the same length.");
        }
        choiceLimits = limits;
        choiceFormats = formats;
    }

    
Get the limits passed in the constructor.
Returns:
the limits./**
     * Get the limits passed in the constructor.
     * @return the limits.
     */
    public double[] getLimits() {
        return choiceLimits;
    }

    
Get the formats passed in the constructor.
Returns:
the formats./**
     * Get the formats passed in the constructor.
     * @return the formats.
     */
    public Object[] getFormats() {
        return choiceFormats;
    }

    // Overrides

    
Specialization of format. This method really calls
format(double, StringBuffer, FieldPosition)
thus the range of longs that are supported is only equal to
the range that can be stored by double. This will never be
a practical limitation.
/**
     * Specialization of format. This method really calls
     * <code>format(double, StringBuffer, FieldPosition)</code>
     * thus the range of longs that are supported is only equal to
     * the range that can be stored by double. This will never be
     * a practical limitation.
     */
    public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                               FieldPosition status) {
        return format((double)number, toAppendTo, status);
    }

    
Returns pattern with formatted double.
Params:
number – number to be formatted & substituted.
toAppendTo – where text is appended.
status – ignore no useful status is returned./**
     * Returns pattern with formatted double.
     * @param number number to be formatted & substituted.
     * @param toAppendTo where text is appended.
     * @param status ignore no useful status is returned.
     */
   public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                               FieldPosition status) {
        // find the number
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < choiceLimits.length; ++i) {
            if (!(number >= choiceLimits[i])) {
                // same as number < choiceLimits, except catchs NaN
                break;
            }
        }
        --i;
        if (i < 0) i = 0;
        // return either a formatted number, or a string
        return toAppendTo.append(choiceFormats[i]);
    }

    
Parses a Number from the input text.
Params:
text – the source text.
status – an input-output parameter.  On input, the
status.index field indicates the first character of the
source text that should be parsed.  On exit, if no error
occured, status.index is set to the first unparsed character
in the source text.  On exit, if an error did occur,
status.index is unchanged and status.errorIndex is set to the
first index of the character that caused the parse to fail.
Returns:
A Number representing the value of the number parsed./**
     * Parses a Number from the input text.
     * @param text the source text.
     * @param status an input-output parameter.  On input, the
     * status.index field indicates the first character of the
     * source text that should be parsed.  On exit, if no error
     * occured, status.index is set to the first unparsed character
     * in the source text.  On exit, if an error did occur,
     * status.index is unchanged and status.errorIndex is set to the
     * first index of the character that caused the parse to fail.
     * @return A Number representing the value of the number parsed.
     */
    public Number parse(String text, ParsePosition status) {
        // find the best number (defined as the one with the longest parse)
        int start = status.index;
        int furthest = start;
        double bestNumber = Double.NaN;
        double tempNumber = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < choiceFormats.length; ++i) {
            String tempString = choiceFormats[i];
            if (text.regionMatches(start, tempString, 0, tempString.length())) {
                status.index = start + tempString.length();
                tempNumber = choiceLimits[i];
                if (status.index > furthest) {
                    furthest = status.index;
                    bestNumber = tempNumber;
                    if (furthest == text.length()) break;
                }
            }
        }
        status.index = furthest;
        if (status.index == start) {
            status.errorIndex = furthest;
        }
        return new Double(bestNumber);
    }

    
Finds the least double greater than d.
If NaN, returns same value.
Used to make half-open intervals.
See Also:
previousDouble/**
     * Finds the least double greater than d.
     * If NaN, returns same value.
     * <p>Used to make half-open intervals.
     * @see #previousDouble
     */
    public static final double nextDouble (double d) {
        return nextDouble(d,true);
    }

    
Finds the greatest double less than d.
If NaN, returns same value.
See Also:
nextDouble/**
     * Finds the greatest double less than d.
     * If NaN, returns same value.
     * @see #nextDouble
     */
    public static final double previousDouble (double d) {
        return nextDouble(d,false);
    }

    
Overrides Cloneable
/**
     * Overrides Cloneable
     */
    public Object clone()
    {
        ChoiceFormat other = (ChoiceFormat) super.clone();
        // for primitives or immutables, shallow clone is enough
        other.choiceLimits = (double[]) choiceLimits.clone();
        other.choiceFormats = (String[]) choiceFormats.clone();
        return other;
    }

    
Generates a hash code for the message format object.
/**
     * Generates a hash code for the message format object.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = choiceLimits.length;
        if (choiceFormats.length > 0) {
            // enough for reasonable distribution
            result ^= choiceFormats[choiceFormats.length-1].hashCode();
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Equality comparision between two
/**
     * Equality comparision between two
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) return false;
        if (this == obj)                      // quick check
            return true;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        ChoiceFormat other = (ChoiceFormat) obj;
        return (Arrays.equals(choiceLimits, other.choiceLimits)
             && Arrays.equals(choiceFormats, other.choiceFormats));
    }

    
After reading an object from the input stream, do a simple verification
to maintain class invariants.
Throws:
InvalidObjectException – if the objects read from the stream is invalid./**
     * After reading an object from the input stream, do a simple verification
     * to maintain class invariants.
     * @throws InvalidObjectException if the objects read from the stream is invalid.
     */
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        in.defaultReadObject();
        if (choiceLimits.length != choiceFormats.length) {
            throw new InvalidObjectException(
                    "limits and format arrays of different length.");
        }
    }

    // ===============privates===========================

    
A list of lower bounds for the choices.  The formatter will return
choiceFormats[i] if the number being formatted is greater than or equal to
choiceLimits[i] and less than choiceLimits[i+1].
@serial
/**
     * A list of lower bounds for the choices.  The formatter will return
     * <code>choiceFormats[i]</code> if the number being formatted is greater than or equal to
     * <code>choiceLimits[i]</code> and less than <code>choiceLimits[i+1]</code>.
     * @serial
     */
    private double[] choiceLimits;

    
A list of choice strings.  The formatter will return
choiceFormats[i] if the number being formatted is greater than or equal to
choiceLimits[i] and less than choiceLimits[i+1].
@serial
/**
     * A list of choice strings.  The formatter will return
     * <code>choiceFormats[i]</code> if the number being formatted is greater than or equal to
     * <code>choiceLimits[i]</code> and less than <code>choiceLimits[i+1]</code>.
     * @serial
     */
    private String[] choiceFormats;

    /*
    static final long SIGN          = 0x8000000000000000L;
    static final long EXPONENT      = 0x7FF0000000000000L;
    static final long SIGNIFICAND   = 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFL;

    private static double nextDouble (double d, boolean positive) {
        if (Double.isNaN(d) || Double.isInfinite(d)) {
                return d;
            }
        long bits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d);
        long significand = bits & SIGNIFICAND;
        if (bits < 0) {
            significand |= (SIGN | EXPONENT);
        }
        long exponent = bits & EXPONENT;
        if (positive) {
            significand += 1;
            // FIXME fix overflow & underflow
        } else {
            significand -= 1;
            // FIXME fix overflow & underflow
        }
        bits = exponent | (significand & ~EXPONENT);
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(bits);
    }
    */

    static final long SIGN                = 0x8000000000000000L;
    static final long EXPONENT            = 0x7FF0000000000000L;
    static final long POSITIVEINFINITY    = 0x7FF0000000000000L;

    
Finds the least double greater than d (if positive == true),
or the greatest double less than d (if positive == false).
If NaN, returns same value.
Does not affect floating-point flags,
provided these member functions do not:
         Double.longBitsToDouble(long)
         Double.doubleToLongBits(double)
         Double.isNaN(double)
/**
     * Finds the least double greater than d (if positive == true),
     * or the greatest double less than d (if positive == false).
     * If NaN, returns same value.
     *
     * Does not affect floating-point flags,
     * provided these member functions do not:
     *          Double.longBitsToDouble(long)
     *          Double.doubleToLongBits(double)
     *          Double.isNaN(double)
     */
    public static double nextDouble (double d, boolean positive) {

        /* filter out NaN's */
        if (Double.isNaN(d)) {
            return d;
        }

        /* zero's are also a special case */
        if (d == 0.0) {
            double smallestPositiveDouble = Double.longBitsToDouble(1L);
            if (positive) {
                return smallestPositiveDouble;
            } else {
                return -smallestPositiveDouble;
            }
        }

        /* if entering here, d is a nonzero value */

        /* hold all bits in a long for later use */
        long bits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d);

        /* strip off the sign bit */
        long magnitude = bits & ~SIGN;

        /* if next double away from zero, increase magnitude */
        if ((bits > 0) == positive) {
            if (magnitude != POSITIVEINFINITY) {
                magnitude += 1;
            }
        }
        /* else decrease magnitude */
        else {
            magnitude -= 1;
        }

        /* restore sign bit and return */
        long signbit = bits & SIGN;
        return Double.longBitsToDouble (magnitude | signbit);
    }

    private static double[] doubleArraySize(double[] array) {
        int oldSize = array.length;
        double[] newArray = new double[oldSize * 2];
        System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldSize);
        return newArray;
    }

    private String[] doubleArraySize(String[] array) {
        int oldSize = array.length;
        String[] newArray = new String[oldSize * 2];
        System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, oldSize);
        return newArray;
    }

}