java/17 : java.sql/java/sql/PreparedStatement.java

PreparedStatement
https://openjdk.java.net/
GPLv2 + Classpath Exception
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.sql;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.InputStream;

An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.
A SQL statement is precompiled and stored in a PreparedStatement object. This object can then be used to efficiently execute this statement multiple times. 
Note: The setter methods (setShort, setString, and so on) for setting IN parameter values must specify types that are compatible with the defined SQL type of the input parameter. For instance, if the IN parameter has SQL type INTEGER, then the method setInt should be used. 
If arbitrary parameter type conversions are required, the method setObject should be used with a target SQL type. 
 In the following example of setting a parameter, con represents an active connection: 

  BigDecimal sal = new BigDecimal("153833.00");
  PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES
                                    SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?");
  pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, sal);
  pstmt.setInt(2, 110592);

See Also: Connection.prepareStatement
ResultSet
Since: 1.1/**
 * An object that represents a precompiled SQL statement.
 * <P>A SQL statement is precompiled and stored in a
 * {@code PreparedStatement} object. This object can then be used to
 * efficiently execute this statement multiple times.
 *
 * <P><B>Note:</B> The setter methods ({@code setShort}, {@code setString},
 * and so on) for setting IN parameter values
 * must specify types that are compatible with the defined SQL type of
 * the input parameter. For instance, if the IN parameter has SQL type
 * {@code INTEGER}, then the method {@code setInt} should be used.
 *
 * <p>If arbitrary parameter type conversions are required, the method
 * {@code setObject} should be used with a target SQL type.
 * <P>
 * In the following example of setting a parameter, {@code con} represents
 * an active connection:
 * <pre>{@code
 *   BigDecimal sal = new BigDecimal("153833.00");
 *   PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE EMPLOYEES
 *                                     SET SALARY = ? WHERE ID = ?");
 *   pstmt.setBigDecimal(1, sal);
 *   pstmt.setInt(2, 110592);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * @see Connection#prepareStatement
 * @see ResultSet
 * @since 1.1
 */

public interface PreparedStatement extends Statement {

    Executes the SQL query in this PreparedStatement object and returns the ResultSet object generated by the query. 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or the SQL statement does not return a ResultSet object
SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the setQueryTimeout method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running Statement
Returns: a ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the query; never null/**
     * Executes the SQL query in this {@code PreparedStatement} object
     * and returns the {@code ResultSet} object generated by the query.
     *
     * @return a {@code ResultSet} object that contains the data produced by the
     *         query; never {@code null}
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed  {@code PreparedStatement} or the SQL
     *            statement does not return a {@code ResultSet} object
     * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
     * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
     * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
     * the currently running {@code Statement}
     */
    ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException;

    Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement. 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or the SQL statement returns a ResultSet object
SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the setQueryTimeout method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running Statement
Returns: either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
        or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing/**
     * Executes the SQL statement in this {@code PreparedStatement} object,
     * which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as {@code INSERT}, {@code UPDATE} or
     * {@code DELETE}; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
     * such as a DDL statement.
     *
     * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements
     *         or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed  {@code PreparedStatement}
     * or the SQL statement returns a {@code ResultSet} object
     * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
     * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
     * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
     * the currently running {@code Statement}
     */
    int executeUpdate() throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL. Note: You must specify the parameter's SQL type.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
sqlType – the SQL type code defined in java.sql.Types
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if sqlType is a ARRAY, BLOB, CLOB, DATALINK, JAVA_OBJECT, NCHAR, NCLOB, NVARCHAR, LONGNVARCHAR, REF, ROWID, SQLXML or STRUCT data type and the JDBC driver does not support this data type/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to SQL {@code NULL}.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> You must specify the parameter's SQL type.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param sqlType the SQL type code defined in {@code java.sql.Types}
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if {@code sqlType} is
     * a {@code ARRAY}, {@code BLOB}, {@code CLOB},
     * {@code DATALINK}, {@code JAVA_OBJECT}, {@code NCHAR},
     * {@code NCLOB}, {@code NVARCHAR}, {@code LONGNVARCHAR},
     *  {@code REF}, {@code ROWID}, {@code SQLXML}
     * or  {@code STRUCT} data type and the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type
     */
    void setNull(int parameterIndex, int sqlType) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java boolean value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIT or BOOLEAN value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code boolean} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code BIT} or {@code BOOLEAN} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement;
     * if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setBoolean(int parameterIndex, boolean x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java byte value. The driver converts this to an SQL TINYINT value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code byte} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code TINYINT} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setByte(int parameterIndex, byte x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java short value. The driver converts this to an SQL SMALLINT value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code short} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code SMALLINT} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setShort(int parameterIndex, short x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java int value. The driver converts this to an SQL INTEGER value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code int} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code INTEGER} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setInt(int parameterIndex, int x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java long value. The driver converts this to an SQL BIGINT value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code long} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code BIGINT} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setLong(int parameterIndex, long x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java float value. The driver converts this to an SQL REAL value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code float} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code REAL} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setFloat(int parameterIndex, float x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java double value. The driver converts this to an SQL DOUBLE value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code double} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code DOUBLE} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setDouble(int parameterIndex, double x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.math.BigDecimal value. The driver converts this to an SQL NUMERIC value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.math.BigDecimal} value.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code NUMERIC} value when
     * it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setBigDecimal(int parameterIndex, BigDecimal x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java String value. The driver converts this to an SQL VARCHAR or LONGVARCHAR value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARCHAR values) when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java {@code String} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code VARCHAR} or {@code LONGVARCHAR} value
     * (depending on the argument's
     * size relative to the driver's limits on {@code VARCHAR} values)
     * when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setString(int parameterIndex, String x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes. The driver converts this to an SQL VARBINARY or LONGVARBINARY (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on VARBINARY values) when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given Java array of bytes.  The driver converts
     * this to an SQL {@code VARBINARY} or {@code LONGVARBINARY}
     * (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on
     * {@code VARBINARY} values) when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setBytes(int parameterIndex, byte x[]) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value using the default time zone of the virtual machine that is running the application. The driver converts this to an SQL DATE value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Date} value
     * using the default time zone of the virtual machine that is running
     * the application.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code DATE} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setDate(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Date x)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIME value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Time} value.
     * The driver converts this
     * to an SQL {@code TIME} value when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setTime(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Time x)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value. The driver converts this to an SQL TIMESTAMP value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Timestamp} value.
     * The driver
     * converts this to an SQL {@code TIMESTAMP} value when it sends it to the
     * database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}     */
    void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Timestamp x)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large ASCII value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
length – the number of bytes in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
     * the specified number of bytes.
     * When a very large ASCII value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream}. Data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
     * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x, int length)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large Unicode value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database char format. The byte format of the Unicode stream must be a Java UTF-8, as defined in the Java Virtual Machine Specification. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – a java.io.InputStream object that contains the Unicode parameter value
length – the number of bytes in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if the JDBC driver does not support
this method
Deprecated: Use setCharacterStream/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which
     * will have the specified number of bytes.
     *
     * When a very large Unicode value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream} object. The data will be read from the
     * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from Unicode to the database char format.
     *
     *The byte format of the Unicode stream must be a Java UTF-8, as defined in the
     *Java Virtual Machine Specification.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x a {@code java.io.InputStream} object that contains the
     *        Unicode parameter value
     * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @deprecated Use {@code setCharacterStream}
     */
    @Deprecated(since="1.2")
    void setUnicodeStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
                          int length) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large binary value is input to a LONGVARBINARY parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
length – the number of bytes in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
     * the specified number of bytes.
     * When a very large binary value is input to a {@code LONGVARBINARY}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream} object. The data will be read from the
     * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
     * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
                         int length) throws SQLException;

    Clears the current parameter values immediately.
In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use of a statement. Setting a parameter value automatically clears its previous value. However, in some cases it is useful to immediately release the resources used by the current parameter values; this can be done by calling the method clearParameters. 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement/**
     * Clears the current parameter values immediately.
     * <P>In general, parameter values remain in force for repeated use of a
     * statement. Setting a parameter value automatically clears its
     * previous value.  However, in some cases it is useful to immediately
     * release the resources used by the current parameter values; this can
     * be done by calling the method {@code clearParameters}.
     *
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     */
    void clearParameters() throws SQLException;

    //----------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Advanced features:

   Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. This method is similar to setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength), except that it assumes a scale of zero. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType – the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
                     sent to the database
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this
method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if
the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
See Also: Types/**
    * Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
    *
    * This method is similar to {@link #setObject(int parameterIndex,
    * Object x, int targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)},
    * except that it assumes a scale of zero.
    *
    * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
    * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
    * @param targetSqlType the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
    *                      sent to the database
    * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
    * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this
    * method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
    * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
    * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
    * @see Types
    */
    void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType)
      throws SQLException;

    Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object.
The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from Java Object types to SQL types. The given argument will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being sent to the database. 
Note that this method may be used to pass database- specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java type. If the object is of a class implementing the interface SQLData, the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, NClob, Struct, java.net.URL, RowId, SQLXML or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type. 

Note: Not all databases allow for a non-typed Null to be sent to the backend. For maximum portability, the setNull or the setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int sqlType) method should be used instead of setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x). 

Note: This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the
object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the object containing the input parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or the type of the given object is ambiguous/**
     * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter using the given object.
     *
     * <p>The JDBC specification specifies a standard mapping from
     * Java {@code Object} types to SQL types.  The given argument
     * will be converted to the corresponding SQL type before being
     * sent to the database.
     *
     * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-
     * specific abstract data types, by using a driver-specific Java
     * type.
     *
     * If the object is of a class implementing the interface {@code SQLData},
     * the JDBC driver should call the method {@code SQLData.writeSQL}
     * to write it to the SQL data stream.
     * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
     * {@code Ref}, {@code Blob}, {@code Clob},  {@code NClob},
     *  {@code Struct}, {@code java.net.URL}, {@code RowId}, {@code SQLXML}
     * or {@code Array}, the driver should pass it to the database as a
     * value of the corresponding SQL type.
     * <P>
     *<b>Note:</b> Not all databases allow for a non-typed Null to be sent to
     * the backend. For maximum portability, the {@code setNull} or the
     * {@code setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int sqlType)}
     * method should be used
     * instead of {@code setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x)}.
     *<p>
     * <b>Note:</b> This method throws an exception if there is an ambiguity, for example, if the
     * object is of a class implementing more than one of the interfaces named above.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
     *  this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * or the type of the given object is ambiguous
     */
    void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x) throws SQLException;

    Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which may be any kind of SQL statement. Some prepared statements return multiple results; the execute method handles these complex statements as well as the simpler form of statements handled by the methods executeQuery and executeUpdate.  The execute method returns a boolean to indicate the form of the first result. You must call either the method getResultSet or getUpdateCount to retrieve the result; you must call getMoreResults to move to any subsequent result(s). 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or an argument is supplied to this method
SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the setQueryTimeout method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running Statement
See Also: Statement.execute
Statement.getResultSet
Statement.getUpdateCount
Statement.getMoreResults
Returns: true if the first result is a ResultSet object; false if the first result is an update count or there is no result/**
     * Executes the SQL statement in this {@code PreparedStatement} object,
     * which may be any kind of SQL statement.
     * Some prepared statements return multiple results; the {@code execute}
     * method handles these complex statements as well as the simpler
     * form of statements handled by the methods {@code executeQuery}
     * and {@code executeUpdate}.
     * <P>
     * The {@code execute} method returns a {@code boolean} to
     * indicate the form of the first result.  You must call either the method
     * {@code getResultSet} or {@code getUpdateCount}
     * to retrieve the result; you must call {@code getMoreResults} to
     * move to any subsequent result(s).
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the first result is a {@code ResultSet}
     *         object; {@code false} if the first result is an update
     *         count or there is no result
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * or an argument is supplied to this method
     * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
     * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
     * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
     * the currently running {@code Statement}
     * @see Statement#execute
     * @see Statement#getResultSet
     * @see Statement#getUpdateCount
     * @see Statement#getMoreResults

     */
    boolean execute() throws SQLException;

    //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------

    Adds a set of parameters to this PreparedStatement object's batch of commands. 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
See Also: Statement.addBatch
Since: 1.2/**
     * Adds a set of parameters to this {@code PreparedStatement}
     * object's batch of commands.
     *
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @see Statement#addBatch
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void addBatch() throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.Reader object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – the java.io.Reader object that contains the Unicode data
length – the number of characters in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code Reader}
     * object, which is the given number of characters long.
     * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.Reader} object. The data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader the {@code java.io.Reader} object that contains the
     *        Unicode data
     * @param length the number of characters in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
                          java.io.Reader reader,
                          int length) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given REF(<structured-type>) value. The driver converts this to an SQL REF value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – an SQL REF value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given
     *  {@code REF(<structured-type>)} value.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code REF} value when it
     * sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x an SQL {@code REF} value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setRef (int parameterIndex, Ref x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Blob object. The driver converts this to an SQL BLOB value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – a Blob object that maps an SQL BLOB value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Blob} object.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code BLOB} value when it
     * sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x a {@code Blob} object that maps an SQL {@code BLOB} value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setBlob (int parameterIndex, Blob x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Clob object. The driver converts this to an SQL CLOB value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – a Clob object that maps an SQL CLOB value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Clob} object.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code CLOB} value when it
     * sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x a {@code Clob} object that maps an SQL {@code CLOB} value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setClob (int parameterIndex, Clob x) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Array object. The driver converts this to an SQL ARRAY value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – an Array object that maps an SQL ARRAY value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Array} object.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code ARRAY} value when it
     * sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x an {@code Array} object that maps an SQL {@code ARRAY} value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setArray (int parameterIndex, Array x) throws SQLException;

    Retrieves a ResultSetMetaData object that contains information about the columns of the ResultSet object that will be returned when this PreparedStatement object is executed.  Because a PreparedStatement object is precompiled, it is possible to know about the ResultSet object that it will return without having to execute it. Consequently, it is possible to invoke the method getMetaData on a PreparedStatement object rather than waiting to execute it and then invoking the ResultSet.getMetaData method on the ResultSet object that is returned. 

NOTE: Using this method may be expensive for some drivers due
to the lack of underlying DBMS support.
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if the JDBC driver does not support
this method
Returns: the description of a ResultSet object's columns or null if the driver cannot return a ResultSetMetaData object
Since: 1.2/**
     * Retrieves a {@code ResultSetMetaData} object that contains
     * information about the columns of the {@code ResultSet} object
     * that will be returned when this {@code PreparedStatement} object
     * is executed.
     * <P>
     * Because a {@code PreparedStatement} object is precompiled, it is
     * possible to know about the {@code ResultSet} object that it will
     * return without having to execute it.  Consequently, it is possible
     * to invoke the method {@code getMetaData} on a
     * {@code PreparedStatement} object rather than waiting to execute
     * it and then invoking the {@code ResultSet.getMetaData} method
     * on the {@code ResultSet} object that is returned.
     * <P>
     * <B>NOTE:</B> Using this method may be expensive for some drivers due
     * to the lack of underlying DBMS support.
     *
     * @return the description of a {@code ResultSet} object's columns or
     *         {@code null} if the driver cannot return a
     *         {@code ResultSetMetaData} object
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if the JDBC driver does not support
     * this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
    ResultSetMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Date value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL DATE value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the date taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
cal – the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the date
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Date} value,
     * using the given {@code Calendar} object.  The driver uses
     * the {@code Calendar} object to construct an SQL {@code DATE} value,
     * which the driver then sends to the database.  With
     * a {@code Calendar} object, the driver can calculate the date
     * taking into account a custom timezone.  If no
     * {@code Calendar} object is specified, the driver uses the default
     * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @param cal the {@code Calendar} object the driver will use
     *            to construct the date
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setDate(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Date x, Calendar cal)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Time value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIME value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the time taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
cal – the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the time
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Time} value,
     * using the given {@code Calendar} object.  The driver uses
     * the {@code Calendar} object to construct an SQL {@code TIME} value,
     * which the driver then sends to the database.  With
     * a {@code Calendar} object, the driver can calculate the time
     * taking into account a custom timezone.  If no
     * {@code Calendar} object is specified, the driver uses the default
     * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @param cal the {@code Calendar} object the driver will use
     *            to construct the time
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setTime(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Time x, Calendar cal)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.Timestamp value, using the given Calendar object. The driver uses the Calendar object to construct an SQL TIMESTAMP value, which the driver then sends to the database. With a Calendar object, the driver can calculate the timestamp taking into account a custom timezone. If no Calendar object is specified, the driver uses the default timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
cal – the Calendar object the driver will use to construct the timestamp
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.Timestamp} value,
     * using the given {@code Calendar} object.  The driver uses
     * the {@code Calendar} object to construct an SQL {@code TIMESTAMP} value,
     * which the driver then sends to the database.  With a
     *  {@code Calendar} object, the driver can calculate the timestamp
     * taking into account a custom timezone.  If no
     * {@code Calendar} object is specified, the driver uses the default
     * timezone, which is that of the virtual machine running the application.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @param cal the {@code Calendar} object the driver will use
     *            to construct the timestamp
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    void setTimestamp(int parameterIndex, java.sql.Timestamp x, Calendar cal)
            throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to SQL NULL. This version of the method setNull should be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters. Examples of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and named array types. Note: To be portable, applications must give the
SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying
a NULL user-defined or REF parameter.  In the case of a user-defined type
the name is the type name of the parameter itself.  For a REF
parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type.  If
a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information,
it may ignore it.
Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters,
this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type.
If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given
typeName is ignored.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
sqlType – a value from java.sql.Types
typeName – the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type;
 ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or REF
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if sqlType is a ARRAY, BLOB, CLOB, DATALINK, JAVA_OBJECT, NCHAR, NCLOB, NVARCHAR, LONGNVARCHAR, REF, ROWID, SQLXML or STRUCT data type and the JDBC driver does not support this data type or if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.2/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to SQL {@code NULL}.
     * This version of the method {@code setNull} should
     * be used for user-defined types and REF type parameters.  Examples
     * of user-defined types include: STRUCT, DISTINCT, JAVA_OBJECT, and
     * named array types.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> To be portable, applications must give the
     * SQL type code and the fully-qualified SQL type name when specifying
     * a NULL user-defined or REF parameter.  In the case of a user-defined type
     * the name is the type name of the parameter itself.  For a REF
     * parameter, the name is the type name of the referenced type.  If
     * a JDBC driver does not need the type code or type name information,
     * it may ignore it.
     *
     * Although it is intended for user-defined and Ref parameters,
     * this method may be used to set a null parameter of any JDBC type.
     * If the parameter does not have a user-defined or REF type, the given
     * typeName is ignored.
     *
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param sqlType a value from {@code java.sql.Types}
     * @param typeName the fully-qualified name of an SQL user-defined type;
     *  ignored if the parameter is not a user-defined type or REF
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if {@code sqlType} is
     * a {@code ARRAY}, {@code BLOB}, {@code CLOB},
     * {@code DATALINK}, {@code JAVA_OBJECT}, {@code NCHAR},
     * {@code NCLOB}, {@code NVARCHAR}, {@code LONGNVARCHAR},
     *  {@code REF}, {@code ROWID}, {@code SQLXML}
     * or  {@code STRUCT} data type and the JDBC driver does not support
     * this data type or if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.2
     */
  void setNull (int parameterIndex, int sqlType, String typeName)
    throws SQLException;

    //------------------------- JDBC 3.0 -----------------------------------

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.net.URL value. The driver converts this to an SQL DATALINK value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the java.net.URL object to be set
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.4/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.net.URL} value.
     * The driver converts this to an SQL {@code DATALINK} value
     * when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the {@code java.net.URL} object to be set
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.4
     */
    void setURL(int parameterIndex, java.net.URL x) throws SQLException;

    Retrieves the number, types and properties of this PreparedStatement object's parameters. 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
See Also: ParameterMetaData
Returns: a ParameterMetaData object that contains information about the number, types and properties for each parameter marker of this PreparedStatement object
Since: 1.4/**
     * Retrieves the number, types and properties of this
     * {@code PreparedStatement} object's parameters.
     *
     * @return a {@code ParameterMetaData} object that contains information
     *         about the number, types and properties for each
     *  parameter marker of this {@code PreparedStatement} object
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @see ParameterMetaData
     * @since 1.4
     */
    ParameterMetaData getParameterMetaData() throws SQLException;

    //------------------------- JDBC 4.0 -----------------------------------

    Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.RowId object. The driver converts this to a SQL ROWID value when it sends it to the database 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.RowId} object. The
     * driver converts this to a SQL {@code ROWID} value when it sends it
     * to the database
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
    void setRowId(int parameterIndex, RowId x) throws SQLException;


    Sets the designated parameter to the given String object. The driver converts this to a SQL NCHAR or NVARCHAR or LONGNVARCHAR value (depending on the argument's size relative to the driver's limits on NVARCHAR values) when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
value – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code String} object.
     * The driver converts this to a SQL {@code NCHAR} or
     * {@code NVARCHAR} or {@code LONGNVARCHAR} value
     * (depending on the argument's
     * size relative to the driver's limits on {@code NVARCHAR} values)
     * when it sends it to the database.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param value the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
     *         character sets;  if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNString(int parameterIndex, String value) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. The Reader reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
value – the parameter value
length – the number of characters in the parameter data.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object. The
     * {@code Reader} reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The
     * driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to
     * the national character set in the database.
     * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param value the parameter value
     * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
     *         character sets;  if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value, long length) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a java.sql.NClob object. The driver converts this to a SQL NCLOB value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
value – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code java.sql.NClob} object. The driver converts this to a
     * SQL {@code NCLOB} value when it sends it to the database.
     * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param value the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
     *         character sets;  if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNClob(int parameterIndex, NClob value) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. The reader must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a SQLException will be generated when the PreparedStatement is executed. This method differs from the setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a CLOB. When the setCharacterStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGVARCHAR or a CLOB 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
length – the number of characters in the parameter data.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or if the length specified is less than zero.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object.  The reader must contain  the number
     * of characters specified by length otherwise a {@code SQLException} will be
     * generated when the {@code PreparedStatement} is executed.
     *This method differs from the {@code setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)} method
     * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
     * the server as a {@code CLOB}.  When the {@code setCharacterStream} method is used, the
     * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGVARCHAR} or a {@code CLOB}
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
     * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on
     * a closed {@code PreparedStatement} or if the length specified is less than zero.
     *
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)
       throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a InputStream object. The Inputstream must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a SQLException will be generated when the PreparedStatement is executed. This method differs from the setBinaryStream (int, InputStream, int) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a BLOB. When the setBinaryStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGVARBINARY or a BLOB 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1,
the second is 2, ...
inputStream – An object that contains the data to set the parameter
value to.
length – the number of bytes in the parameter data.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement; if the length specified is less than zero or if the number of bytes in the InputStream does not match the specified length.
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code InputStream} object.
     * The {@code Inputstream} must contain  the number
     * of characters specified by length otherwise a {@code SQLException} will be
     * generated when the {@code PreparedStatement} is executed.
     * This method differs from the {@code setBinaryStream (int, InputStream, int)}
     * method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be
     * sent to the server as a {@code BLOB}.  When the {@code setBinaryStream} method is used,
     * the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGVARBINARY} or a {@code BLOB}
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1,
     * the second is 2, ...
     * @param inputStream An object that contains the data to set the parameter
     * value to.
     * @param length the number of bytes in the parameter data.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement};
     * if the length specified
     * is less than zero or if the number of bytes in the {@code InputStream} does not match
     * the specified length.
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream, long length)
        throws SQLException;
    Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. The reader must contain the number of characters specified by length otherwise a SQLException will be generated when the PreparedStatement is executed. This method differs from the setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a NCLOB. When the setCharacterStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGNVARCHAR or a NCLOB 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
length – the number of characters in the parameter data.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object.  The reader must contain  the number
     * of characters specified by length otherwise a {@code SQLException} will be
     * generated when the {@code PreparedStatement} is executed.
     * This method differs from the {@code setCharacterStream (int, Reader, int)} method
     * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
     * the server as a {@code NCLOB}.  When the {@code setCharacterStream} method is used, the
     * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGNVARCHAR} or a {@code NCLOB}
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
     * @param length the number of characters in the parameter data.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if the length specified is less than zero;
     * if the driver does not support national character sets;
     * if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur;  if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader, long length)
       throws SQLException;

     Sets the designated parameter to the given java.sql.SQLXML object. The driver converts this to an SQL XML value when it sends it to the database. 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
xmlObject – a SQLXML object that maps an SQL XML value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or the java.xml.transform.Result, Writer or OutputStream has not been closed for the SQLXML object
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
      * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code java.sql.SQLXML} object.
      * The driver converts this to an
      * SQL {@code XML} value when it sends it to the database.
      *
      * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
      * @param xmlObject a {@code SQLXML} object that maps an SQL {@code XML} value
      * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
      *  this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
      * or the {@code java.xml.transform.Result},
      *  {@code Writer} or {@code OutputStream} has not been closed for
      * the {@code SQLXML} object
      * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
      *
      * @since 1.6
      */
     void setSQLXML(int parameterIndex, SQLXML xmlObject) throws SQLException;

    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. If the second argument is an InputStream then the stream must contain the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength. If the second argument is a Reader then the reader must contain the number of characters specified by scaleOrLength. If these conditions are not true the driver will generate a SQLException when the prepared statement is executed. 
The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType before being sent to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the interface SQLData), the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, NClob, Struct, java.net.URL, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type. 
Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
abstract data types.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType – the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.
scaleOrLength – for java.sql.Types.DECIMAL or java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For Java Object types InputStream and Reader, this is the length of the data in the stream or reader. For all other types, this value will be ignored.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less than zero
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if
the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
See Also: Types/**
     * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
     *
     * If the second argument is an {@code InputStream} then the stream must contain
     * the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength.  If the second argument is a
     * {@code Reader} then the reader must contain the number of characters specified
     * by scaleOrLength. If these conditions are not true the driver will generate a
     * {@code SQLException} when the prepared statement is executed.
     *
     * <p>The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType
     * before being sent to the database.
     *
     * If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the
     * interface {@code SQLData}),
     * the JDBC driver should call the method {@code SQLData.writeSQL} to
     * write it to the SQL data stream.
     * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
     * {@code Ref}, {@code Blob}, {@code Clob},  {@code NClob},
     *  {@code Struct}, {@code java.net.URL},
     * or {@code Array}, the driver should pass it to the database as a
     * value of the corresponding SQL type.
     *
     * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
     * abstract data types.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
     * @param targetSqlType the SQL type (as defined in java.sql.Types) to be
     * sent to the database. The scale argument may further qualify this type.
     * @param scaleOrLength for {@code java.sql.Types.DECIMAL}
     *          or {@code java.sql.Types.NUMERIC types},
     *          this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For
     *          Java Object types {@code InputStream} and {@code Reader},
     *          this is the length
     *          of the data in the stream or reader.  For all other types,
     *          this value will be ignored.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement} or
     *            if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream
     *            or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less
     *            than zero
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
     * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
     * @see Types
     *
     */
    void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, int targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)
            throws SQLException;
   Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large ASCII value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
length – the number of bytes in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
     * the specified number of bytes.
     * When a very large ASCII value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream}. Data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
     * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.6
    */
    void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x, long length)
            throws SQLException;
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have the specified number of bytes. When a very large binary value is input to a LONGVARBINARY parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
length – the number of bytes in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream, which will have
     * the specified number of bytes.
     * When a very large binary value is input to a {@code LONGVARBINARY}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream} object. The data will be read from the
     * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
     * @param length the number of bytes in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.6
     */
    void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x,
                         long length) throws SQLException;
        Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object, which is the given number of characters long. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.Reader object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – the java.io.Reader object that contains the Unicode data
length – the number of characters in the stream
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code Reader}
     * object, which is the given number of characters long.
     * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.Reader} object. The data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader the {@code java.io.Reader} object that contains the
     *        Unicode data
     * @param length the number of characters in the stream
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @since 1.6
     */
    void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
                          java.io.Reader reader,
                          long length) throws SQLException;
    //-----
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream. When a very large ASCII value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream. Data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setAsciiStream which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
     * When a very large ASCII value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream}. Data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from ASCII to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setAsciiStream} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the Java input stream that contains the ASCII parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
       * @since 1.6
    */
    void setAsciiStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x)
            throws SQLException;
    Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream. When a very large binary value is input to a LONGVARBINARY parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.InputStream object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setBinaryStream which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given input stream.
     * When a very large binary value is input to a {@code LONGVARBINARY}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.InputStream} object. The data will be read from the
     * stream as needed until end-of-file is reached.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setBinaryStream} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the java input stream which contains the binary parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
    void setBinaryStream(int parameterIndex, java.io.InputStream x)
    throws SQLException;
        Sets the designated parameter to the given Reader object. When a very large UNICODE value is input to a LONGVARCHAR parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a java.io.Reader object. The data will be read from the stream as needed until end-of-file is reached. The JDBC driver will do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setCharacterStream which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – the java.io.Reader object that contains the Unicode data
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to the given {@code Reader}
     * object.
     * When a very large UNICODE value is input to a {@code LONGVARCHAR}
     * parameter, it may be more practical to send it via a
     * {@code java.io.Reader} object. The data will be read from the stream
     * as needed until end-of-file is reached.  The JDBC driver will
     * do any necessary conversion from UNICODE to the database char format.
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setCharacterStream} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader the {@code java.io.Reader} object that contains the
     *        Unicode data
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
    void setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,
                          java.io.Reader reader) throws SQLException;
  Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. The Reader reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to the national character set in the database. Note: This stream object can either be a standard
Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
standard interface.
Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setNCharacterStream which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
value – the parameter value
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object. The
     * {@code Reader} reads the data till end-of-file is reached. The
     * driver does the necessary conversion from Java character format to
     * the national character set in the database.

     * <P><B>Note:</B> This stream object can either be a standard
     * Java stream object or your own subclass that implements the
     * standard interface.
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setNCharacterStream} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param value the parameter value
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national
     *         character sets;  if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNCharacterStream(int parameterIndex, Reader value) throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. This method differs from the setCharacterStream (int, Reader) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a CLOB. When the setCharacterStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGVARCHAR or a CLOB Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setClob which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatementor if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object.
     * This method differs from the {@code setCharacterStream (int, Reader)} method
     * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
     * the server as a {@code CLOB}.  When the {@code setCharacterStream} method is used, the
     * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGVARCHAR} or a {@code CLOB}
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setClob} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on
     * a closed {@code PreparedStatement}or if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement
     *
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)
       throws SQLException;

    Sets the designated parameter to a InputStream object. This method differs from the setBinaryStream (int, InputStream) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a BLOB. When the setBinaryStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGVARBINARY or a BLOB Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setBlob which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1,
the second is 2, ...
inputStream – An object that contains the data to set the parameter
value to.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement,
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code InputStream} object.
     * This method differs from the {@code setBinaryStream (int, InputStream)}
     * method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be
     * sent to the server as a {@code BLOB}.  When the {@code setBinaryStream} method is used,
     * the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGVARBINARY} or a {@code BLOB}
     *
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setBlob} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1,
     * the second is 2, ...
     * @param inputStream An object that contains the data to set the parameter
     * value to.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement} or
     * if parameterIndex does not correspond
     * to a parameter marker in the SQL statement,
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setBlob(int parameterIndex, InputStream inputStream)
        throws SQLException;
    Sets the designated parameter to a Reader object. This method differs from the setCharacterStream (int, Reader) method because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to the server as a NCLOB. When the setCharacterStream method is used, the driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter data should be sent to the server as a LONGNVARCHAR or a NCLOB Note: Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if it might be more efficient to use a version of setNClob which takes a length parameter. 
Params: parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
reader – An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException –  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since: 1.6/**
     * Sets the designated parameter to a {@code Reader} object.
     * This method differs from the {@code setCharacterStream (int, Reader)} method
     * because it informs the driver that the parameter value should be sent to
     * the server as a {@code NCLOB}.  When the {@code setCharacterStream} method is used, the
     * driver may have to do extra work to determine whether the parameter
     * data should be sent to the server as a {@code LONGNVARCHAR} or a {@code NCLOB}
     * <P><B>Note:</B> Consult your JDBC driver documentation to determine if
     * it might be more efficient to use a version of
     * {@code setNClob} which takes a length parameter.
     *
     * @param parameterIndex index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param reader An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter
     * marker in the SQL statement;
     * if the driver does not support national character sets;
     * if the driver can detect that a data conversion
     *  error could occur;  if a database access error occurs or
     * this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException  if the JDBC driver does not support this method
     *
     * @since 1.6
     */
     void setNClob(int parameterIndex, Reader reader)
       throws SQLException;

    //------------------------- JDBC 4.2 -----------------------------------

    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. If the second argument is an InputStream then the stream must contain the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength. If the second argument is a Reader then the reader must contain the number of characters specified by scaleOrLength. If these conditions are not true the driver will generate a SQLException when the prepared statement is executed. 
The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType before being sent to the database. If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the interface SQLData), the JDBC driver should call the method SQLData.writeSQL to write it to the SQL data stream. If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing Ref, Blob, Clob, NClob, Struct, java.net.URL, or Array, the driver should pass it to the database as a value of the corresponding SQL type. 
Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
abstract data types.
 The default implementation will throw SQLFeatureNotSupportedException 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType – the SQL type to be sent to the database. The
scale argument may further qualify this type.
scaleOrLength – for java.sql.JDBCType.DECIMAL or java.sql.JDBCType.NUMERIC types, this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For Java Object types InputStream and Reader, this is the length of the data in the stream or reader. For all other types, this value will be ignored.
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less than zero
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if
the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
See Also: JDBCType
SQLType
Since: 1.8/**
     * <p>Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
     *
     * If the second argument is an {@code InputStream} then the stream
     * must contain the number of bytes specified by scaleOrLength.
     * If the second argument is a {@code Reader} then the reader must
     * contain the number of characters specified by scaleOrLength. If these
     * conditions are not true the driver will generate a
     * {@code SQLException} when the prepared statement is executed.
     *
     * <p>The given Java object will be converted to the given targetSqlType
     * before being sent to the database.
     *
     * If the object has a custom mapping (is of a class implementing the
     * interface {@code SQLData}),
     * the JDBC driver should call the method {@code SQLData.writeSQL} to
     * write it to the SQL data stream.
     * If, on the other hand, the object is of a class implementing
     * {@code Ref}, {@code Blob}, {@code Clob},  {@code NClob},
     *  {@code Struct}, {@code java.net.URL},
     * or {@code Array}, the driver should pass it to the database as a
     * value of the corresponding SQL type.
     *
     * <p>Note that this method may be used to pass database-specific
     * abstract data types.
     *<P>
     * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
     * @param targetSqlType the SQL type to be sent to the database. The
     * scale argument may further qualify this type.
     * @param scaleOrLength for {@code java.sql.JDBCType.DECIMAL}
     *          or {@code java.sql.JDBCType.NUMERIC types},
     *          this is the number of digits after the decimal point. For
     *          Java Object types {@code InputStream} and {@code Reader},
     *          this is the length
     *          of the data in the stream or reader.  For all other types,
     *          this value will be ignored.
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a
     * parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs
     * or this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}  or
     *            if the Java Object specified by x is an InputStream
     *            or Reader object and the value of the scale parameter is less
     *            than zero
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
     * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
     * @see JDBCType
     * @see SQLType
     * @since 1.8
     */
    default void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, SQLType targetSqlType,
             int scaleOrLength) throws SQLException {
        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("setObject not implemented");
    }

    Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object. This method is similar to setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, SQLType targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength), except that it assumes a scale of zero.  The default implementation will throw SQLFeatureNotSupportedException 
Params: parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
x – the object containing the input parameter value
targetSqlType – the SQL type to be sent to the database
Throws: SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement
SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if
the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
See Also: JDBCType
SQLType
Since: 1.8/**
     * Sets the value of the designated parameter with the given object.
     *
     * This method is similar to {@link #setObject(int parameterIndex,
     * Object x, SQLType targetSqlType, int scaleOrLength)},
     * except that it assumes a scale of zero.
     *<P>
     * The default implementation will throw {@code SQLFeatureNotSupportedException}
     *
     * @param parameterIndex the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ...
     * @param x the object containing the input parameter value
     * @param targetSqlType the SQL type to be sent to the database
     * @throws SQLException if parameterIndex does not correspond to a
     * parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs
     * or this method is called on a closed {@code PreparedStatement}
     * @throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException if
     * the JDBC driver does not support the specified targetSqlType
     * @see JDBCType
     * @see SQLType
     * @since 1.8
     */
    default void setObject(int parameterIndex, Object x, SQLType targetSqlType)
      throws SQLException {
        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException("setObject not implemented");
    }

    Executes the SQL statement in this PreparedStatement object, which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement, such as INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE; or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as a DDL statement.  This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed Integer.MAX_VALUE. 
 The default implementation will throw UnsupportedOperationException 
Throws: SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed PreparedStatement or the SQL statement returns a ResultSet object
SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the setQueryTimeout method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running Statement
Returns: either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language
(DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
Since: 1.8/**
     * Executes the SQL statement in this {@code PreparedStatement} object,
     * which must be an SQL Data Manipulation Language (DML) statement,
     * such as {@code INSERT}, {@code UPDATE} or
     * {@code DELETE}; or an SQL statement that returns nothing,
     * such as a DDL statement.
     * <p>
     * This method should be used when the returned row count may exceed
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     * <p>
     * The default implementation will throw {@code UnsupportedOperationException}
     *
     * @return either (1) the row count for SQL Data Manipulation Language
     * (DML) statements or (2) 0 for SQL statements that return nothing
     * @throws SQLException if a database access error occurs;
     * this method is called on a closed  {@code PreparedStatement}
     * or the SQL statement returns a {@code ResultSet} object
     * @throws SQLTimeoutException when the driver has determined that the
     * timeout value that was specified by the {@code setQueryTimeout}
     * method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel
     * the currently running {@code Statement}
     * @since 1.8
     */
    default long executeLargeUpdate() throws SQLException {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("executeLargeUpdate not implemented");
    }
}
Throws:	SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement` or the SQL statement does not return a `ResultSet` object SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
Returns:	a `ResultSet` object that contains the data produced by the query; never `null`
Params:	parameterIndex – the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... x – the parameter value
Throws:	SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement`
Throws:	SQLException – if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement` or an argument is supplied to this method SQLTimeoutException – when the driver has determined that the timeout value that was specified by the `setQueryTimeout` method has been exceeded and has at least attempted to cancel the currently running `Statement`
See Also:	Statement.execute Statement.getResultSet Statement.getUpdateCount Statement.getMoreResults
Returns:	`true` if the first result is a `ResultSet` object; `false` if the first result is an update count or there is no result
Params:	parameterIndex – of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... value – the parameter value
Throws:	SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if the driver does not support national character sets; if the driver can detect that a data conversion error could occur; if a database access error occurs; or this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement` SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since:	1.6
Params:	parameterIndex – index of the first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... reader – An object that contains the data to set the parameter value to. length – the number of characters in the parameter data.
Throws:	SQLException – if parameterIndex does not correspond to a parameter marker in the SQL statement; if a database access error occurs; this method is called on a closed `PreparedStatement` or if the length specified is less than zero. SQLFeatureNotSupportedException – if the JDBC driver does not support this method
Since:	1.6
/

java/ 17/ java.sql/java/sql/PreparedStatement.java
