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package java.sql;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

A thin wrapper around java.util.Date that allows the JDBC API to identify this as an SQL TIMESTAMP value. It adds the ability to hold the SQL TIMESTAMP fractional seconds value, by allowing the specification of fractional seconds to a precision of nanoseconds. A Timestamp also provides formatting and parsing operations to support the JDBC escape syntax for timestamp values.

The precision of a Timestamp object is calculated to be either:

  • 19 , which is the number of characters in yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss
  • 20 + s , which is the number of characters in the yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.[fff...] and s represents the scale of the given Timestamp, its fractional seconds precision.

Note: This type is a composite of a java.util.Date and a separate nanoseconds value. Only integral seconds are stored in the java.util.Date component. The fractional seconds - the nanos - are separate. The Timestamp.equals(Object) method never returns true when passed an object that isn't an instance of java.sql.Timestamp, because the nanos component of a date is unknown. As a result, the Timestamp.equals(Object) method is not symmetric with respect to the java.util.Date.equals(Object) method. Also, the hashCode method uses the underlying java.util.Date implementation and therefore does not include nanos in its computation.

Due to the differences between the Timestamp class and the java.util.Date class mentioned above, it is recommended that code not view Timestamp values generically as an instance of java.util.Date. The inheritance relationship between Timestamp and java.util.Date really denotes implementation inheritance, and not type inheritance.

Since:1.1
/** * <P>A thin wrapper around {@code java.util.Date} that allows * the JDBC API to identify this as an SQL {@code TIMESTAMP} value. * It adds the ability * to hold the SQL {@code TIMESTAMP} fractional seconds value, by allowing * the specification of fractional seconds to a precision of nanoseconds. * A Timestamp also provides formatting and * parsing operations to support the JDBC escape syntax for timestamp values. * * <p>The precision of a Timestamp object is calculated to be either: * <ul> * <li>{@code 19 }, which is the number of characters in yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss * <li> {@code 20 + s }, which is the number * of characters in the yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.[fff...] and {@code s} represents the scale of the given Timestamp, * its fractional seconds precision. *</ul> * * <P><B>Note:</B> This type is a composite of a {@code java.util.Date} and a * separate nanoseconds value. Only integral seconds are stored in the * {@code java.util.Date} component. The fractional seconds - the nanos - are * separate. The {@code Timestamp.equals(Object)} method never returns * {@code true} when passed an object * that isn't an instance of {@code java.sql.Timestamp}, * because the nanos component of a date is unknown. * As a result, the {@code Timestamp.equals(Object)} * method is not symmetric with respect to the * {@code java.util.Date.equals(Object)} * method. Also, the {@code hashCode} method uses the underlying * {@code java.util.Date} * implementation and therefore does not include nanos in its computation. * <P> * Due to the differences between the {@code Timestamp} class * and the {@code java.util.Date} * class mentioned above, it is recommended that code not view * {@code Timestamp} values generically as an instance of * {@code java.util.Date}. The * inheritance relationship between {@code Timestamp} * and {@code java.util.Date} really * denotes implementation inheritance, and not type inheritance. * * @since 1.1 */
public class Timestamp extends java.util.Date {
Constructs a Timestamp object initialized with the given values.
Params:
  • year – the year minus 1900
  • month – 0 to 11
  • date – 1 to 31
  • hour – 0 to 23
  • minute – 0 to 59
  • second – 0 to 59
  • nano – 0 to 999,999,999
Throws:
Deprecated:instead use the constructor Timestamp(long millis)
/** * Constructs a {@code Timestamp} object initialized * with the given values. * * @param year the year minus 1900 * @param month 0 to 11 * @param date 1 to 31 * @param hour 0 to 23 * @param minute 0 to 59 * @param second 0 to 59 * @param nano 0 to 999,999,999 * @deprecated instead use the constructor {@code Timestamp(long millis)} * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the nano argument is out of bounds */
@Deprecated(since="1.2") public Timestamp(int year, int month, int date, int hour, int minute, int second, int nano) { super(year, month, date, hour, minute, second); if (nano > 999999999 || nano < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("nanos > 999999999 or < 0"); } nanos = nano; }
Constructs a Timestamp object using a milliseconds time value. The integral seconds are stored in the underlying date value; the fractional seconds are stored in the nanos field of the Timestamp object.
Params:
  • time – milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. A negative number is the number of milliseconds before January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
See Also:
/** * Constructs a {@code Timestamp} object * using a milliseconds time value. The * integral seconds are stored in the underlying date value; the * fractional seconds are stored in the {@code nanos} field of * the {@code Timestamp} object. * * @param time milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. * A negative number is the number of milliseconds before * January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT. * @see java.util.Calendar */
public Timestamp(long time) { super((time/1000)*1000); nanos = (int)((time%1000) * 1000000); if (nanos < 0) { nanos = 1000000000 + nanos; super.setTime(((time/1000)-1)*1000); } }
Sets this Timestamp object to represent a point in time that is time milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT.
Params:
  • time – the number of milliseconds.
See Also:
/** * Sets this {@code Timestamp} object to represent a point in time that is * {@code time} milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT. * * @param time the number of milliseconds. * @see #getTime * @see #Timestamp(long time) * @see java.util.Calendar */
public void setTime(long time) { super.setTime((time/1000)*1000); nanos = (int)((time%1000) * 1000000); if (nanos < 0) { nanos = 1000000000 + nanos; super.setTime(((time/1000)-1)*1000); } }
Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT represented by this Timestamp object.
See Also:
Returns: the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT represented by this date.
/** * Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT * represented by this {@code Timestamp} object. * * @return the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT * represented by this date. * @see #setTime */
public long getTime() { long time = super.getTime(); return (time + (nanos / 1000000)); }
@serial
/** * @serial */
private int nanos;
Converts a String object in JDBC timestamp escape format to a Timestamp value.
Params:
  • s – timestamp in format yyyy-[m]m-[d]d hh:mm:ss[.f...]. The fractional seconds may be omitted. The leading zero for mm and dd may also be omitted.
Throws:
Returns:corresponding Timestamp value
/** * Converts a {@code String} object in JDBC timestamp escape format to a * {@code Timestamp} value. * * @param s timestamp in format {@code yyyy-[m]m-[d]d hh:mm:ss[.f...]}. The * fractional seconds may be omitted. The leading zero for {@code mm} * and {@code dd} may also be omitted. * * @return corresponding {@code Timestamp} value * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if the given argument * does not have the format {@code yyyy-[m]m-[d]d hh:mm:ss[.f...]} */
public static Timestamp valueOf(String s) { final int YEAR_LENGTH = 4; final int MONTH_LENGTH = 2; final int DAY_LENGTH = 2; final int MAX_MONTH = 12; final int MAX_DAY = 31; int year = 0; int month = 0; int day = 0; int hour; int minute; int second; int a_nanos = 0; int firstDash; int secondDash; int dividingSpace; int firstColon; int secondColon; int period; String formatError = "Timestamp format must be yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss[.fffffffff]"; if (s == null) throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException("null string"); // Split the string into date and time components s = s.trim(); dividingSpace = s.indexOf(' '); if (dividingSpace < 0) { throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); } // Parse the date firstDash = s.indexOf('-'); secondDash = s.indexOf('-', firstDash+1); // Parse the time firstColon = s.indexOf(':', dividingSpace + 1); secondColon = s.indexOf(':', firstColon + 1); period = s.indexOf('.', secondColon + 1); // Convert the date boolean parsedDate = false; if (firstDash > 0 && secondDash > 0 && secondDash < dividingSpace - 1) { if (firstDash == YEAR_LENGTH && (secondDash - firstDash > 1 && secondDash - firstDash <= MONTH_LENGTH + 1) && (dividingSpace - secondDash > 1 && dividingSpace - secondDash <= DAY_LENGTH + 1)) { year = Integer.parseInt(s, 0, firstDash, 10); month = Integer.parseInt(s, firstDash + 1, secondDash, 10); day = Integer.parseInt(s, secondDash + 1, dividingSpace, 10); if ((month >= 1 && month <= MAX_MONTH) && (day >= 1 && day <= MAX_DAY)) { parsedDate = true; } } } if (! parsedDate) { throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); } // Convert the time; default missing nanos int len = s.length(); if (firstColon > 0 && secondColon > 0 && secondColon < len - 1) { hour = Integer.parseInt(s, dividingSpace + 1, firstColon, 10); minute = Integer.parseInt(s, firstColon + 1, secondColon, 10); if (period > 0 && period < len - 1) { second = Integer.parseInt(s, secondColon + 1, period, 10); int nanoPrecision = len - (period + 1); if (nanoPrecision > 9) throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); if (!Character.isDigit(s.charAt(period + 1))) throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); int tmpNanos = Integer.parseInt(s, period + 1, len, 10); while (nanoPrecision < 9) { tmpNanos *= 10; nanoPrecision++; } a_nanos = tmpNanos; } else if (period > 0) { throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); } else { second = Integer.parseInt(s, secondColon + 1, len, 10); } } else { throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException(formatError); } return new Timestamp(year - 1900, month - 1, day, hour, minute, second, a_nanos); }
Formats a timestamp in JDBC timestamp escape format. yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.fffffffff, where fffffffff indicates nanoseconds.
Returns:a String object in yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.fffffffff format
/** * Formats a timestamp in JDBC timestamp escape format. * {@code yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.fffffffff}, * where {@code fffffffff} indicates nanoseconds. * * @return a {@code String} object in * {@code yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.fffffffff} format */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public String toString() { int year = super.getYear() + 1900; int month = super.getMonth() + 1; int day = super.getDate(); int hour = super.getHours(); int minute = super.getMinutes(); int second = super.getSeconds(); int trailingZeros = 0; int tmpNanos = nanos; if (tmpNanos == 0) { trailingZeros = 8; } else { while (tmpNanos % 10 == 0) { tmpNanos /= 10; trailingZeros++; } } // 8058429: To comply with current JCK tests, we need to deal with year // being any number between 0 and 292278995 int count = 10000; int yearSize = 4; do { if (year < count) { break; } yearSize++; count *= 10; } while (count < 1000000000); char[] buf = new char[25 + yearSize - trailingZeros]; Date.formatDecimalInt(year, buf, 0, yearSize); buf[yearSize] = '-'; Date.formatDecimalInt(month, buf, yearSize + 1, 2); buf[yearSize + 3] = '-'; Date.formatDecimalInt(day, buf, yearSize + 4, 2); buf[yearSize + 6] = ' '; Date.formatDecimalInt(hour, buf, yearSize + 7, 2); buf[yearSize + 9] = ':'; Date.formatDecimalInt(minute, buf, yearSize + 10, 2); buf[yearSize + 12] = ':'; Date.formatDecimalInt(second, buf, yearSize + 13, 2); buf[yearSize + 15] = '.'; Date.formatDecimalInt(tmpNanos, buf, yearSize + 16, 9 - trailingZeros); return new String(buf); }
Gets this Timestamp object's nanos value.
See Also:
Returns:this Timestamp object's fractional seconds component
/** * Gets this {@code Timestamp} object's {@code nanos} value. * * @return this {@code Timestamp} object's fractional seconds component * @see #setNanos */
public int getNanos() { return nanos; }
Sets this Timestamp object's nanos field to the given value.
Params:
  • n – the new fractional seconds component
Throws:
See Also:
/** * Sets this {@code Timestamp} object's {@code nanos} field * to the given value. * * @param n the new fractional seconds component * @throws java.lang.IllegalArgumentException if the given argument * is greater than 999999999 or less than 0 * @see #getNanos */
public void setNanos(int n) { if (n > 999999999 || n < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("nanos > 999999999 or < 0"); } nanos = n; }
Tests to see if this Timestamp object is equal to the given Timestamp object.
Params:
  • ts – the Timestamp value to compare with
Returns:true if the given Timestamp object is equal to this Timestamp object; false otherwise
/** * Tests to see if this {@code Timestamp} object is * equal to the given {@code Timestamp} object. * * @param ts the {@code Timestamp} value to compare with * @return {@code true} if the given {@code Timestamp} * object is equal to this {@code Timestamp} object; * {@code false} otherwise */
public boolean equals(Timestamp ts) { if (super.equals(ts)) { if (nanos == ts.nanos) { return true; } else { return false; } } else { return false; } }
Tests to see if this Timestamp object is equal to the given object. This version of the method equals has been added to fix the incorrect signature of Timestamp.equals(Timestamp) and to preserve backward compatibility with existing class files. Note: This method is not symmetric with respect to the equals(Object) method in the base class.
Params:
  • ts – the Object value to compare with
Returns:true if the given Object is an instance of a Timestamp that is equal to this Timestamp object; false otherwise
/** * Tests to see if this {@code Timestamp} object is * equal to the given object. * * This version of the method {@code equals} has been added * to fix the incorrect * signature of {@code Timestamp.equals(Timestamp)} and to preserve backward * compatibility with existing class files. * * Note: This method is not symmetric with respect to the * {@code equals(Object)} method in the base class. * * @param ts the {@code Object} value to compare with * @return {@code true} if the given {@code Object} is an instance * of a {@code Timestamp} that * is equal to this {@code Timestamp} object; * {@code false} otherwise */
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object ts) { if (ts instanceof Timestamp) { return this.equals((Timestamp)ts); } else { return false; } }
Indicates whether this Timestamp object is earlier than the given Timestamp object.
Params:
  • ts – the Timestamp value to compare with
Returns:true if this Timestamp object is earlier; false otherwise
/** * Indicates whether this {@code Timestamp} object is * earlier than the given {@code Timestamp} object. * * @param ts the {@code Timestamp} value to compare with * @return {@code true} if this {@code Timestamp} object is earlier; * {@code false} otherwise */
public boolean before(Timestamp ts) { return compareTo(ts) < 0; }
Indicates whether this Timestamp object is later than the given Timestamp object.
Params:
  • ts – the Timestamp value to compare with
Returns:true if this Timestamp object is later; false otherwise
/** * Indicates whether this {@code Timestamp} object is * later than the given {@code Timestamp} object. * * @param ts the {@code Timestamp} value to compare with * @return {@code true} if this {@code Timestamp} object is later; * {@code false} otherwise */
public boolean after(Timestamp ts) { return compareTo(ts) > 0; }
Compares this Timestamp object to the given Timestamp object.
Params:
  • ts – the Timestamp object to be compared to this Timestamp object
Returns: the value 0 if the two Timestamp objects are equal; a value less than 0 if this Timestamp object is before the given argument; and a value greater than 0 if this Timestamp object is after the given argument.
Since: 1.4
/** * Compares this {@code Timestamp} object to the given * {@code Timestamp} object. * * @param ts the {@code Timestamp} object to be compared to * this {@code Timestamp} object * @return the value {@code 0} if the two {@code Timestamp} * objects are equal; a value less than {@code 0} if this * {@code Timestamp} object is before the given argument; * and a value greater than {@code 0} if this * {@code Timestamp} object is after the given argument. * @since 1.4 */
public int compareTo(Timestamp ts) { long thisTime = this.getTime(); long anotherTime = ts.getTime(); int i = (thisTime<anotherTime ? -1 :(thisTime==anotherTime?0 :1)); if (i == 0) { if (nanos > ts.nanos) { return 1; } else if (nanos < ts.nanos) { return -1; } } return i; }
Compares this Timestamp object to the given Date object.
Params:
  • o – the Date to be compared to this Timestamp object
Returns: the value 0 if this Timestamp object and the given object are equal; a value less than 0 if this Timestamp object is before the given argument; and a value greater than 0 if this Timestamp object is after the given argument.
Since: 1.5
/** * Compares this {@code Timestamp} object to the given * {@code Date} object. * * @param o the {@code Date} to be compared to * this {@code Timestamp} object * @return the value {@code 0} if this {@code Timestamp} object * and the given object are equal; a value less than {@code 0} * if this {@code Timestamp} object is before the given argument; * and a value greater than {@code 0} if this * {@code Timestamp} object is after the given argument. * * @since 1.5 */
public int compareTo(java.util.Date o) { if(o instanceof Timestamp) { // When Timestamp instance compare it with a Timestamp // Hence it is basically calling this.compareTo((Timestamp))o); // Note typecasting is safe because o is instance of Timestamp return compareTo((Timestamp)o); } else { // When Date doing a o.compareTo(this) // will give wrong results. Timestamp ts = new Timestamp(o.getTime()); return this.compareTo(ts); } }
{@inheritDoc} The hashCode method uses the underlying java.util.Date implementation and therefore does not include nanos in its computation.
/** * {@inheritDoc} * * The {@code hashCode} method uses the underlying {@code java.util.Date} * implementation and therefore does not include nanos in its computation. * */
@Override public int hashCode() { return super.hashCode(); } static final long serialVersionUID = 2745179027874758501L; private static final int MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
Obtains an instance of Timestamp from a LocalDateTime object, with the same year, month, day of month, hours, minutes, seconds and nanos date-time value as the provided LocalDateTime.

The provided LocalDateTime is interpreted as the local date-time in the local time zone.

Params:
  • dateTime – a LocalDateTime to convert
Throws:
Returns:a Timestamp object
Since:1.8
/** * Obtains an instance of {@code Timestamp} from a {@code LocalDateTime} * object, with the same year, month, day of month, hours, minutes, * seconds and nanos date-time value as the provided {@code LocalDateTime}. * <p> * The provided {@code LocalDateTime} is interpreted as the local * date-time in the local time zone. * * @param dateTime a {@code LocalDateTime} to convert * @return a {@code Timestamp} object * @throws NullPointerException if {@code dateTime} is null. * @since 1.8 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public static Timestamp valueOf(LocalDateTime dateTime) { return new Timestamp(dateTime.getYear() - 1900, dateTime.getMonthValue() - 1, dateTime.getDayOfMonth(), dateTime.getHour(), dateTime.getMinute(), dateTime.getSecond(), dateTime.getNano()); }
Converts this Timestamp object to a LocalDateTime.

The conversion creates a LocalDateTime that represents the same year, month, day of month, hours, minutes, seconds and nanos date-time value as this Timestamp in the local time zone.

Returns:a LocalDateTime object representing the same date-time value
Since:1.8
/** * Converts this {@code Timestamp} object to a {@code LocalDateTime}. * <p> * The conversion creates a {@code LocalDateTime} that represents the * same year, month, day of month, hours, minutes, seconds and nanos * date-time value as this {@code Timestamp} in the local time zone. * * @return a {@code LocalDateTime} object representing the same date-time value * @since 1.8 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public LocalDateTime toLocalDateTime() { return LocalDateTime.of(getYear() + 1900, getMonth() + 1, getDate(), getHours(), getMinutes(), getSeconds(), getNanos()); }
Obtains an instance of Timestamp from an Instant object.

Instant can store points on the time-line further in the future and further in the past than Date. In this scenario, this method will throw an exception.

Params:
  • instant – the instant to convert
Throws:
Returns:an Timestamp representing the same point on the time-line as the provided instant
Since:1.8
/** * Obtains an instance of {@code Timestamp} from an {@link Instant} object. * <p> * {@code Instant} can store points on the time-line further in the future * and further in the past than {@code Date}. In this scenario, this method * will throw an exception. * * @param instant the instant to convert * @return an {@code Timestamp} representing the same point on the time-line as * the provided instant * @throws NullPointerException if {@code instant} is null. * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the instant is too large to * represent as a {@code Timestamp} * @since 1.8 */
public static Timestamp from(Instant instant) { try { Timestamp stamp = new Timestamp(instant.getEpochSecond() * MILLIS_PER_SECOND); stamp.nanos = instant.getNano(); return stamp; } catch (ArithmeticException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(ex); } }
Converts this Timestamp object to an Instant.

The conversion creates an Instant that represents the same point on the time-line as this Timestamp.

Returns:an instant representing the same point on the time-line
Since:1.8
/** * Converts this {@code Timestamp} object to an {@code Instant}. * <p> * The conversion creates an {@code Instant} that represents the same * point on the time-line as this {@code Timestamp}. * * @return an instant representing the same point on the time-line * @since 1.8 */
@Override public Instant toInstant() { return Instant.ofEpochSecond(super.getTime() / MILLIS_PER_SECOND, nanos); } }