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 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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package org.graalvm.compiler.asm.aarch64;

import static jdk.vm.ci.aarch64.AArch64.zr;

import org.graalvm.compiler.asm.AbstractAddress;
import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.NumUtil;
import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.GraalError;

import jdk.vm.ci.aarch64.AArch64;
import jdk.vm.ci.code.Register;


Represents an address in target machine memory, specified using one of the different addressing
modes of the AArch64 ISA. - Base register only - Base register + immediate or register with
shifted offset - Pre-indexed: base + immediate offset are written back to base register, value
used in instruction is base + offset - Post-indexed: base + offset (immediate or register) are
written back to base register, value used in instruction is base only - Literal: PC + 19-bit
signed word aligned offset


Not all addressing modes are supported for all instructions.

/**
 * Represents an address in target machine memory, specified using one of the different addressing
 * modes of the AArch64 ISA. - Base register only - Base register + immediate or register with
 * shifted offset - Pre-indexed: base + immediate offset are written back to base register, value
 * used in instruction is base + offset - Post-indexed: base + offset (immediate or register) are
 * written back to base register, value used in instruction is base only - Literal: PC + 19-bit
 * signed word aligned offset
 * <p>
 * Not all addressing modes are supported for all instructions.
 */
public final class AArch64Address extends AbstractAddress {
    // Placeholder for addresses that get patched later.
    public static final AArch64Address PLACEHOLDER = createPcLiteralAddress(0);

    public enum AddressingMode {
        
base + uimm12 << log2(memory_transfer_size).

/**
         * base + uimm12 << log2(memory_transfer_size).
         */
        IMMEDIATE_SCALED,
        
base + imm9.

/**
         * base + imm9.
         */
        IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED,
        
base.

/**
         * base.
         */
        BASE_REGISTER_ONLY,
        
base + offset [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)].

/**
         * base + offset [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)].
         */
        REGISTER_OFFSET,
        
base + extend(offset) [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)].

/**
         * base + extend(offset) [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)].
         */
        EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET,
        
PC + imm21 (word aligned).

/**
         * PC + imm21 (word aligned).
         */
        PC_LITERAL,
        
address = base. base is updated to base + imm9

/**
         * address = base. base is updated to base + imm9
         */
        IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED,
        
address = base + imm9. base is updated to base + imm9

/**
         * address = base + imm9. base is updated to base + imm9
         */
        IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED,
        AddressingMode,
    }

    private final Register base;
    private final Register offset;
    private final int immediate;
    
Should register offset be scaled or not.

/**
     * Should register offset be scaled or not.
     */
    private final boolean scaled;
    private final AArch64Assembler.ExtendType extendType;
    private final AddressingMode addressingMode;

    
General address generation mechanism. Accepted values for all parameters depend on the
addressingMode. Null is never accepted for a register, if an addressMode doesn't use a
register the register has to be the zero-register. extendType has to be null for every
addressingMode except EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET.

/**
     * General address generation mechanism. Accepted values for all parameters depend on the
     * addressingMode. Null is never accepted for a register, if an addressMode doesn't use a
     * register the register has to be the zero-register. extendType has to be null for every
     * addressingMode except EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET.
     */
    public static AArch64Address createAddress(AddressingMode addressingMode, Register base, Register offset, int immediate, boolean isScaled, AArch64Assembler.ExtendType extendType) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, offset, immediate, isScaled, extendType, addressingMode);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • imm9 – Signed 9-bit immediate value.
Returns:an address specifying a post-indexed immediate address pointing to base. After
        ldr/str instruction, base is updated to point to base + imm9
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param imm9 Signed 9-bit immediate value.
     * @return an address specifying a post-indexed immediate address pointing to base. After
     *         ldr/str instruction, base is updated to point to base + imm9
     */
    public static AArch64Address createPostIndexedImmediateAddress(Register base, int imm9) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, zr, imm9, false, null, AddressingMode.IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • imm9 – Signed 9-bit immediate value.
Returns:an address specifying a pre-indexed immediate address pointing to base + imm9. After
        ldr/str instruction, base is updated to point to base + imm9
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param imm9 Signed 9-bit immediate value.
     * @return an address specifying a pre-indexed immediate address pointing to base + imm9. After
     *         ldr/str instruction, base is updated to point to base + imm9
     */
    public static AArch64Address createPreIndexedImmediateAddress(Register base, int imm9) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, zr, imm9, false, null, AddressingMode.IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • imm12 – Unsigned 12-bit immediate value. This is scaled by the word access size. This
           means if this address is used to load/store a word, the immediate is shifted by 2
           (log2Ceil(4)).
Returns:an address specifying a signed address of the form base + imm12 <<
        log2(memory_transfer_size).
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param imm12 Unsigned 12-bit immediate value. This is scaled by the word access size. This
     *            means if this address is used to load/store a word, the immediate is shifted by 2
     *            (log2Ceil(4)).
     * @return an address specifying a signed address of the form base + imm12 <<
     *         log2(memory_transfer_size).
     */
    public static AArch64Address createScaledImmediateAddress(Register base, int imm12) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, zr, imm12, true, null, AddressingMode.IMMEDIATE_SCALED);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • imm9 – Signed 9-bit immediate value.
Returns:an address specifying an unscaled immediate address of the form base + imm9
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param imm9 Signed 9-bit immediate value.
     * @return an address specifying an unscaled immediate address of the form base + imm9
     */
    public static AArch64Address createUnscaledImmediateAddress(Register base, int imm9) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, zr, imm9, false, null, AddressingMode.IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – May not be null or the zero register.
Returns:an address specifying the address pointed to by base.
/**
     * @param base May not be null or the zero register.
     * @return an address specifying the address pointed to by base.
     */
    public static AArch64Address createBaseRegisterOnlyAddress(Register base) {
        return createRegisterOffsetAddress(base, zr, false);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • offset – Register specifying some offset, optionally scaled by the memory_transfer_size.
           May not be null or the stackpointer.
  • scaled – Specifies whether offset should be scaled by memory_transfer_size or not.
Returns:an address specifying a register offset address of the form base + offset [<< log2
        (memory_transfer_size)]
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param offset Register specifying some offset, optionally scaled by the memory_transfer_size.
     *            May not be null or the stackpointer.
     * @param scaled Specifies whether offset should be scaled by memory_transfer_size or not.
     * @return an address specifying a register offset address of the form base + offset [<< log2
     *         (memory_transfer_size)]
     */
    public static AArch64Address createRegisterOffsetAddress(Register base, Register offset, boolean scaled) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, offset, 0, scaled, null, AddressingMode.REGISTER_OFFSET);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • imm7 – Signed 7-bit immediate value.
Returns:an address specifying an unscaled immediate address of the form base + imm7
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param imm7 Signed 7-bit immediate value.
     * @return an address specifying an unscaled immediate address of the form base + imm7
     */
    public static AArch64Address createPairUnscaledImmediateAddress(Register base, int imm7) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, zr, imm7, false, null, AddressingMode.IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED);
    }

    
Params:
  • base – may not be null or the zero-register.
  • offset – Word register specifying some offset, optionally scaled by the
           memory_transfer_size. May not be null or the stackpointer.
  • scaled – Specifies whether offset should be scaled by memory_transfer_size or not.
  • extendType – Describes whether register is zero- or sign-extended. May not be null.
Returns:an address specifying an extended register offset of the form base +
        extendType(offset) [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)]
/**
     * @param base may not be null or the zero-register.
     * @param offset Word register specifying some offset, optionally scaled by the
     *            memory_transfer_size. May not be null or the stackpointer.
     * @param scaled Specifies whether offset should be scaled by memory_transfer_size or not.
     * @param extendType Describes whether register is zero- or sign-extended. May not be null.
     * @return an address specifying an extended register offset of the form base +
     *         extendType(offset) [<< log2(memory_transfer_size)]
     */
    public static AArch64Address createExtendedRegisterOffsetAddress(Register base, Register offset, boolean scaled, AArch64Assembler.ExtendType extendType) {
        return new AArch64Address(base, offset, 0, scaled, extendType, AddressingMode.EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET);
    }

    
Params:
  • imm21 – Signed 21-bit offset, word aligned.
Returns:AArch64Address specifying a PC-literal address of the form PC + offset
/**
     * @param imm21 Signed 21-bit offset, word aligned.
     * @return AArch64Address specifying a PC-literal address of the form PC + offset
     */
    public static AArch64Address createPcLiteralAddress(int imm21) {
        return new AArch64Address(zr, zr, imm21, false, null, AddressingMode.PC_LITERAL);
    }

    private AArch64Address(Register base, Register offset, int immediate, boolean scaled, AArch64Assembler.ExtendType extendType, AddressingMode addressingMode) {
        this.base = base;
        this.offset = offset;
        if ((addressingMode == AddressingMode.REGISTER_OFFSET || addressingMode == AddressingMode.EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET) && offset.equals(zr)) {
            this.addressingMode = AddressingMode.BASE_REGISTER_ONLY;
        } else {
            this.addressingMode = addressingMode;
        }
        this.immediate = immediate;
        this.scaled = scaled;
        this.extendType = extendType;
        assert verify();
    }

    private boolean verify() {
        assert addressingMode != null;
        assert base.getRegisterCategory().equals(AArch64.CPU);
        assert offset.getRegisterCategory().equals(AArch64.CPU);

        switch (addressingMode) {
            case IMMEDIATE_SCALED:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.equals(zr);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert NumUtil.isUnsignedNbit(12, immediate);
                break;
            case IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.equals(zr);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert NumUtil.isSignedNbit(9, immediate);
                break;
            case BASE_REGISTER_ONLY:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.equals(zr);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert immediate == 0;
                break;
            case REGISTER_OFFSET:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.getRegisterCategory().equals(AArch64.CPU);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert immediate == 0;
                break;
            case EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.getRegisterCategory().equals(AArch64.CPU);
                assert (extendType == AArch64Assembler.ExtendType.SXTW || extendType == AArch64Assembler.ExtendType.UXTW);
                assert immediate == 0;
                break;
            case PC_LITERAL:
                assert base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.equals(zr);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert NumUtil.isSignedNbit(21, immediate);
                assert ((immediate & 0x3) == 0);
                break;
            case IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED:
            case IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED:
                assert !base.equals(zr);
                assert offset.equals(zr);
                assert extendType == null;
                assert NumUtil.isSignedNbit(9, immediate);
                break;
            default:
                throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere();
        }

        return true;
    }

    public Register getBase() {
        return base;
    }

    public Register getOffset() {
        return offset;
    }

    
Returns:immediate in correct representation for the given addressing mode. For example in
        case of addressingMode ==IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED  the value will be returned
        as the 9-bit signed representation.
/**
     * @return immediate in correct representation for the given addressing mode. For example in
     *         case of <code>addressingMode ==IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED </code> the value will be returned
     *         as the 9-bit signed representation.
     */
    public int getImmediate() {
        switch (addressingMode) {
            case IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED:
            case IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED:
            case IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED:
                // 9-bit signed value
                assert NumUtil.isSignedNbit(9, immediate);
                return immediate & NumUtil.getNbitNumberInt(9);
            case IMMEDIATE_SCALED:
                // Unsigned value can be returned as-is.
                assert NumUtil.isUnsignedNbit(12, immediate);
                return immediate;
            case PC_LITERAL:
                // 21-bit signed value, but lower 2 bits are always 0 and are shifted out.
                assert NumUtil.isSignedNbit(19, immediate >> 2);
                return (immediate >> 2) & NumUtil.getNbitNumberInt(19);
            default:
                throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Should only be called for addressing modes that use immediate values.");
        }
    }

    
Returns:Raw immediate as a 32-bit signed value.
/**
     * @return Raw immediate as a 32-bit signed value.
     */
    public int getImmediateRaw() {
        switch (addressingMode) {
            case IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED:
            case IMMEDIATE_SCALED:
            case IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED:
            case IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED:
            case PC_LITERAL:
                return immediate;
            default:
                throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Should only be called for addressing modes that use immediate values.");
        }
    }

    public boolean isScaled() {
        return scaled;
    }

    public AArch64Assembler.ExtendType getExtendType() {
        return extendType;
    }

    public AddressingMode getAddressingMode() {
        return addressingMode;
    }

    public String toString(int log2TransferSize) {
        int shiftVal = scaled ? log2TransferSize : 0;
        switch (addressingMode) {
            case IMMEDIATE_SCALED:
                return String.format("[X%d, %d]", base.encoding, immediate << log2TransferSize);
            case IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED:
                return String.format("[X%d, %d]", base.encoding, immediate);
            case BASE_REGISTER_ONLY:
                return String.format("[X%d]", base.encoding);
            case EXTENDED_REGISTER_OFFSET:
                if (shiftVal != 0) {
                    return String.format("[X%d, W%d, %s %d]", base.encoding, offset.encoding, extendType.name(), shiftVal);
                } else {
                    return String.format("[X%d, W%d, %s]", base.encoding, offset.encoding, extendType.name());
                }
            case REGISTER_OFFSET:
                if (shiftVal != 0) {
                    return String.format("[X%d, X%d, LSL %d]", base.encoding, offset.encoding, shiftVal);
                } else {
                    // LSL 0 may be optional, but still encoded differently so we always leave it
                    // off
                    return String.format("[X%d, X%d]", base.encoding, offset.encoding);
                }
            case PC_LITERAL:
                return String.format(".%s%d", immediate >= 0 ? "+" : "", immediate);
            case IMMEDIATE_POST_INDEXED:
                return String.format("[X%d],%d", base.encoding, immediate);
            case IMMEDIATE_PRE_INDEXED:
                return String.format("[X%d,%d]!", base.encoding, immediate);
            default:
                throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere();
        }
    }

    
Loads an address into Register r.

Params:
  • masm – the macro assembler.
  • r – general purpose register. May not be null.
/**
     * Loads an address into Register r.
     *
     * @param masm the macro assembler.
     * @param r general purpose register. May not be null.
     */
    public void lea(AArch64MacroAssembler masm, Register r) {
        switch (addressingMode) {
            case IMMEDIATE_UNSCALED:
                if (immediate == 0 && base.equals(r)) { // it's a nop
                    break;
                }
                masm.add(64, r, base, immediate);
                break;
            case REGISTER_OFFSET:
                masm.add(64, r, base, offset);
                break;
            case PC_LITERAL: {
                masm.mov(r, getImmediate());
                break;
            }
            default:
                throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere();
        }
    }
}