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 * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
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package java.time;

import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH;
import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;

import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
import java.util.Objects;

A month-day in the ISO-8601 calendar system, such as --12-03. 
 MonthDay is an immutable date-time object that represents the combination of a month and day-of-month. Any field that can be derived from a month and day, such as quarter-of-year, can be obtained. 
 This class does not store or represent a year, time or time-zone. For example, the value "December 3rd" can be stored in a MonthDay. 
 Since a MonthDay does not possess a year, the leap day of February 29th is considered valid. 
 This class implements TemporalAccessor rather than Temporal. This is because it is not possible to define whether February 29th is valid or not without external information, preventing the implementation of plus/minus. Related to this, MonthDay only provides access to query and set the fields MONTH_OF_YEAR and DAY_OF_MONTH. 

The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable.
However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them
to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.

This is a value-based class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality (==), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of MonthDay may have unpredictable results and should be avoided. The equals method should be used for comparisons. 
Implementation Requirements:

This class is immutable and thread-safe.
Since:
1.8/**
 * A month-day in the ISO-8601 calendar system, such as {@code --12-03}.
 * <p>
 * {@code MonthDay} is an immutable date-time object that represents the combination
 * of a month and day-of-month. Any field that can be derived from a month and day,
 * such as quarter-of-year, can be obtained.
 * <p>
 * This class does not store or represent a year, time or time-zone.
 * For example, the value "December 3rd" can be stored in a {@code MonthDay}.
 * <p>
 * Since a {@code MonthDay} does not possess a year, the leap day of
 * February 29th is considered valid.
 * <p>
 * This class implements {@link TemporalAccessor} rather than {@link Temporal}.
 * This is because it is not possible to define whether February 29th is valid or not
 * without external information, preventing the implementation of plus/minus.
 * Related to this, {@code MonthDay} only provides access to query and set the fields
 * {@code MONTH_OF_YEAR} and {@code DAY_OF_MONTH}.
 * <p>
 * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
 * in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
 * system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
 * For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable.
 * However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them
 * to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.
 *
 * <p>
 * This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
 * class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality
 * ({@code ==}), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of
 * {@code MonthDay} may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
 * The {@code equals} method should be used for comparisons.
 *
 * @implSpec
 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
public final class MonthDay
        implements TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<MonthDay>, Serializable {

    
Serialization version.
/**
     * Serialization version.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -939150713474957432L;
    
Parser.
/**
     * Parser.
     */
    private static final DateTimeFormatter PARSER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
        .appendLiteral("--")
        .appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2)
        .appendLiteral('-')
        .appendValue(DAY_OF_MONTH, 2)
        .toFormatter();

    
The month-of-year, not null.
/**
     * The month-of-year, not null.
     */
    private final int month;
    
The day-of-month.
/**
     * The day-of-month.
     */
    private final int day;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the default time-zone.
 This will query the system clock in the default time-zone to obtain the current month-day. 

Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
because the clock is hard-coded.
Returns:
the current month-day using the system clock and default time-zone, not null/**
     * Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the default time-zone.
     * <p>
     * This will query the {@link Clock#systemDefaultZone() system clock} in the default
     * time-zone to obtain the current month-day.
     * <p>
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @return the current month-day using the system clock and default time-zone, not null
     */
    public static MonthDay now() {
        return now(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
    }

    
Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
 This will query the system clock to obtain the current month-day. Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone. 

Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
because the clock is hard-coded.
Params:
zone –  the zone ID to use, not null
Returns:
the current month-day using the system clock, not null/**
     * Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
     * <p>
     * This will query the {@link Clock#system(ZoneId) system clock} to obtain the current month-day.
     * Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
     * <p>
     * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
     * because the clock is hard-coded.
     *
     * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
     * @return the current month-day using the system clock, not null
     */
    public static MonthDay now(ZoneId zone) {
        return now(Clock.system(zone));
    }

    
Obtains the current month-day from the specified clock.
 This will query the specified clock to obtain the current month-day. Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing. The alternate clock may be introduced using dependency injection. 
Params:
clock –  the clock to use, not null
Returns:
the current month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains the current month-day from the specified clock.
     * <p>
     * This will query the specified clock to obtain the current month-day.
     * Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
     * The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.
     *
     * @param clock  the clock to use, not null
     * @return the current month-day, not null
     */
    public static MonthDay now(Clock clock) {
        final LocalDate now = LocalDate.now(clock);  // called once
        return MonthDay.of(now.getMonth(), now.getDayOfMonth());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Obtains an instance of MonthDay. 

The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year.
Hence, for February, day 29 is valid.

For example, passing in April and day 31 will throw an exception, as
there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in
February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
Params:
month –  the month-of-year to represent, not null
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the value of any field is out of range,
 or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
Returns:
the month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code MonthDay}.
     * <p>
     * The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year.
     * Hence, for February, day 29 is valid.
     * <p>
     * For example, passing in April and day 31 will throw an exception, as
     * there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in
     * February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, not null
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
     * @return the month-day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
     */
    public static MonthDay of(Month month, int dayOfMonth) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(month, "month");
        DAY_OF_MONTH.checkValidValue(dayOfMonth);
        if (dayOfMonth > month.maxLength()) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Illegal value for DayOfMonth field, value " + dayOfMonth +
                    " is not valid for month " + month.name());
        }
        return new MonthDay(month.getValue(), dayOfMonth);
    }

    
Obtains an instance of MonthDay. 

The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year.
Hence, for month 2 (February), day 29 is valid.

For example, passing in month 4 (April) and day 31 will throw an exception, as
there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in
February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
Params:
month –  the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the value of any field is out of range,
 or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
Returns:
the month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code MonthDay}.
     * <p>
     * The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year.
     * Hence, for month 2 (February), day 29 is valid.
     * <p>
     * For example, passing in month 4 (April) and day 31 will throw an exception, as
     * there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in
     * February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31
     * @return the month-day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of any field is out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
     */
    public static MonthDay of(int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        return of(Month.of(month), dayOfMonth);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Obtains an instance of MonthDay from a temporal object. 
 This obtains a month-day based on the specified temporal. A TemporalAccessor represents an arbitrary set of date and time information, which this factory converts to an instance of MonthDay. 
 The conversion extracts the MONTH_OF_YEAR and DAY_OF_MONTH fields. The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO chronology, or can be converted to a LocalDate. 
 This method matches the signature of the functional interface TemporalQuery allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, MonthDay::from. 
Params:
temporal –  the temporal object to convert, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to convert to a MonthDay
Returns:
the month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code MonthDay} from a temporal object.
     * <p>
     * This obtains a month-day based on the specified temporal.
     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code MonthDay}.
     * <p>
     * The conversion extracts the {@link ChronoField#MONTH_OF_YEAR MONTH_OF_YEAR} and
     * {@link ChronoField#DAY_OF_MONTH DAY_OF_MONTH} fields.
     * The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO
     * chronology, or can be converted to a {@code LocalDate}.
     * <p>
     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
     * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code MonthDay::from}.
     *
     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
     * @return the month-day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code MonthDay}
     */
    public static MonthDay from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        if (temporal instanceof MonthDay) {
            return (MonthDay) temporal;
        }
        try {
            if (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(Chronology.from(temporal)) == false) {
                temporal = LocalDate.from(temporal);
            }
            return of(temporal.get(MONTH_OF_YEAR), temporal.get(DAY_OF_MONTH));
        } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain MonthDay from TemporalAccessor: " +
                    temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName(), ex);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Obtains an instance of MonthDay from a text string such as --12-03. 
 The string must represent a valid month-day. The format is --MM-dd. 
Params:
text –  the text to parse such as "--12-03", not null
Throws:
DateTimeParseException – if the text cannot be parsed
Returns:
the parsed month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code MonthDay} from a text string such as {@code --12-03}.
     * <p>
     * The string must represent a valid month-day.
     * The format is {@code --MM-dd}.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse such as "--12-03", not null
     * @return the parsed month-day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    public static MonthDay parse(CharSequence text) {
        return parse(text, PARSER);
    }

    
Obtains an instance of MonthDay from a text string using a specific formatter. 

The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a month-day.
Params:
text –  the text to parse, not null
formatter –  the formatter to use, not null
Throws:
DateTimeParseException – if the text cannot be parsed
Returns:
the parsed month-day, not null/**
     * Obtains an instance of {@code MonthDay} from a text string using a specific formatter.
     * <p>
     * The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a month-day.
     *
     * @param text  the text to parse, not null
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the parsed month-day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
     */
    public static MonthDay parse(CharSequence text, DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
        return formatter.parse(text, MonthDay::from);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Constructor, previously validated.
Params:
month –  the month-of-year to represent, validated from 1 to 12
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month to represent, validated from 1 to 29-31/**
     * Constructor, previously validated.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, validated from 1 to 12
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to represent, validated from 1 to 29-31
     */
    private MonthDay(int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        this.month = month;
        this.day = dayOfMonth;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Checks if the specified field is supported.
 This checks if this month-day can be queried for the specified field. If false, then calling the range and get methods will throw an exception. 
 If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The supported fields are: 

MONTH_OF_YEAR 
YEAR 
 All other ChronoField instances will return false. 
 If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the field is supported is determined by the field. 
Params:
field –  the field to check, null returns false
Returns:
true if the field is supported on this month-day, false if not/**
     * Checks if the specified field is supported.
     * <p>
     * This checks if this month-day can be queried for the specified field.
     * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range} and
     * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} methods will throw an exception.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The supported fields are:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}
     * <li>{@code YEAR}
     * </ul>
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to check, null returns false
     * @return true if the field is supported on this month-day, false if not
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            return field == MONTH_OF_YEAR || field == DAY_OF_MONTH;
        }
        return field != null && field.isSupportedBy(this);
    }

    
Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.

The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
This month-day is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The supported fields will return appropriate range instances. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException. 
 If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field. 
Params:
field –  the field to query the range for, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the range for the field cannot be obtained
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException – if the field is not supported
Returns:
the range of valid values for the field, not null/**
     * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
     * <p>
     * The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
     * This month-day is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
     * If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
     * appropriate range instances.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument.
     * Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to query the range for, not null
     * @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
     */
    @Override
    public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
        if (field == MONTH_OF_YEAR) {
            return field.range();
        } else if (field == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
            return ValueRange.of(1, getMonth().minLength(), getMonth().maxLength());
        }
        return TemporalAccessor.super.range(field);
    }

    
Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as an int. 

This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field.
The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The supported fields will return valid values based on this month-day. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException. 
 If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field. 
Params:
field –  the field to get, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
        the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException – if the field is not supported or the range of values exceeds an int
ArithmeticException – if numeric overflow occurs
Returns:
the value for the field/**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as an {@code int}.
     * <p>
     * This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field.
     * The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this month-day.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
     *         the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported or
     *         the range of values exceeds an {@code int}
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override  // override for Javadoc
    public int get(TemporalField field) {
        return range(field).checkValidIntValue(getLong(field), field);
    }

    
Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as a long. 

This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field.
If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 If the field is a ChronoField then the query is implemented here. The supported fields will return valid values based on this month-day. All other ChronoField instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException. 
 If the field is not a ChronoField, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor) passing this as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained, and what the value represents, is determined by the field. 
Params:
field –  the field to get, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if a value for the field cannot be obtained
UnsupportedTemporalTypeException – if the field is not supported
ArithmeticException – if numeric overflow occurs
Returns:
the value for the field/**
     * Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as a {@code long}.
     * <p>
     * This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field.
     * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
     * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
     * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
     * values based on this month-day.
     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
     * <p>
     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
     * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
     * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
     *
     * @param field  the field to get, not null
     * @return the value for the field
     * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
     * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            switch ((ChronoField) field) {
                // alignedDOW and alignedWOM not supported because they cannot be set in with()
                case DAY_OF_MONTH: return day;
                case MONTH_OF_YEAR: return month;
            }
            throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
        }
        return field.getFrom(this);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
 This method returns the month as an int from 1 to 12. Application code is frequently clearer if the enum Month is used by calling getMonth(). 
See Also:
getMonth()
Returns:
the month-of-year, from 1 to 12/**
     * Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the month as an {@code int} from 1 to 12.
     * Application code is frequently clearer if the enum {@link Month}
     * is used by calling {@link #getMonth()}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, from 1 to 12
     * @see #getMonth()
     */
    public int getMonthValue() {
        return month;
    }

    
Gets the month-of-year field using the Month enum. 
 This method returns the enum Month for the month. This avoids confusion as to what int values mean. If you need access to the primitive int value then the enum provides the int value. 
See Also:
getMonthValue()
Returns:
the month-of-year, not null/**
     * Gets the month-of-year field using the {@code Month} enum.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the enum {@link Month} for the month.
     * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
     * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
     * provides the {@link Month#getValue() int value}.
     *
     * @return the month-of-year, not null
     * @see #getMonthValue()
     */
    public Month getMonth() {
        return Month.of(month);
    }

    
Gets the day-of-month field.
 This method returns the primitive int value for the day-of-month. 
Returns:
the day-of-month, from 1 to 31/**
     * Gets the day-of-month field.
     * <p>
     * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the day-of-month.
     *
     * @return the day-of-month, from 1 to 31
     */
    public int getDayOfMonth() {
        return day;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Checks if the year is valid for this month-day.

This method checks whether this month and day and the input year form
a valid date. This can only return false for February 29th.
Params:
year –  the year to validate
See Also:
Year.isValidMonthDay(MonthDay)
Returns:
true if the year is valid for this month-day/**
     * Checks if the year is valid for this month-day.
     * <p>
     * This method checks whether this month and day and the input year form
     * a valid date. This can only return false for February 29th.
     *
     * @param year  the year to validate
     * @return true if the year is valid for this month-day
     * @see Year#isValidMonthDay(MonthDay)
     */
    public boolean isValidYear(int year) {
        return (day == 29 && month == 2 && Year.isLeap(year) == false) == false;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Returns a copy of this MonthDay with the month-of-year altered. 

This returns a month-day with the specified month.
If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will
be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.

This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
month –  the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the month-of-year value is invalid
Returns:
a MonthDay based on this month-day with the requested month, not null/**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code MonthDay} with the month-of-year altered.
     * <p>
     * This returns a month-day with the specified month.
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will
     * be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
     * @return a {@code MonthDay} based on this month-day with the requested month, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the month-of-year value is invalid
     */
    public MonthDay withMonth(int month) {
        return with(Month.of(month));
    }

    
Returns a copy of this MonthDay with the month-of-year altered. 

This returns a month-day with the specified month.
If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will
be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.

This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
month –  the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, not null
Returns:
a MonthDay based on this month-day with the requested month, not null/**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code MonthDay} with the month-of-year altered.
     * <p>
     * This returns a month-day with the specified month.
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will
     * be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param month  the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, not null
     * @return a {@code MonthDay} based on this month-day with the requested month, not null
     */
    public MonthDay with(Month month) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(month, "month");
        if (month.getValue() == this.month) {
            return this;
        }
        int day = Math.min(this.day, month.maxLength());
        return new MonthDay(month.getValue(), day);
    }

    
Returns a copy of this MonthDay with the day-of-month altered. 

This returns a month-day with the specified day-of-month.
If the day-of-month is invalid for the month, an exception is thrown.

This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month to set in the return month-day, from 1 to 31
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the day-of-month value is invalid,
 or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
Returns:
a MonthDay based on this month-day with the requested day, not null/**
     * Returns a copy of this {@code MonthDay} with the day-of-month altered.
     * <p>
     * This returns a month-day with the specified day-of-month.
     * If the day-of-month is invalid for the month, an exception is thrown.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to set in the return month-day, from 1 to 31
     * @return a {@code MonthDay} based on this month-day with the requested day, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the day-of-month value is invalid,
     *  or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month
     */
    public MonthDay withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth) {
        if (dayOfMonth == this.day) {
            return this;
        }
        return of(month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Queries this month-day using the specified query.
 This queries this month-day using the specified query strategy object. The TemporalQuery object defines the logic to be used to obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand what the result of this method will be. 
 The result of this method is obtained by invoking the TemporalQuery.queryFrom(TemporalAccessor) method on the specified query passing this as the argument. 
Params:
query –  the query to invoke, not null
Type parameters:
<R> – the type of the result
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to query (defined by the query)
ArithmeticException – if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
Returns:
the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)/**
     * Queries this month-day using the specified query.
     * <p>
     * This queries this month-day using the specified query strategy object.
     * The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
     * obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
     * what the result of this method will be.
     * <p>
     * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
     * {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
     * specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
     *
     * @param <R> the type of the result
     * @param query  the query to invoke, not null
     * @return the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to query (defined by the query)
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
        if (query == TemporalQueries.chronology()) {
            return (R) IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
        }
        return TemporalAccessor.super.query(query);
    }

    
Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this month-day.

This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
with the month and day-of-month changed to be the same as this.
 The adjustment is equivalent to using Temporal.with(TemporalField, long) twice, passing ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR and ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH as the fields. If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then a DateTimeException is thrown. 
 In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using Temporal.with(TemporalAdjuster): 
  // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
  temporal = thisMonthDay.adjustInto(temporal);
  temporal = temporal.with(thisMonthDay);


This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
temporal –  the target object to be adjusted, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to make the adjustment
ArithmeticException – if numeric overflow occurs
Returns:
the adjusted object, not null/**
     * Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this month-day.
     * <p>
     * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
     * with the month and day-of-month changed to be the same as this.
     * <p>
     * The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#with(TemporalField, long)}
     * twice, passing {@link ChronoField#MONTH_OF_YEAR} and
     * {@link ChronoField#DAY_OF_MONTH} as the fields.
     * If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then
     * a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown.
     * <p>
     * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
     * {@link Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
     * <pre>
     *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
     *   temporal = thisMonthDay.adjustInto(temporal);
     *   temporal = temporal.with(thisMonthDay);
     * </pre>
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param temporal  the target object to be adjusted, not null
     * @return the adjusted object, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
     * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
     */
    @Override
    public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
        if (Chronology.from(temporal).equals(IsoChronology.INSTANCE) == false) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Adjustment only supported on ISO date-time");
        }
        temporal = temporal.with(MONTH_OF_YEAR, month);
        return temporal.with(DAY_OF_MONTH, Math.min(temporal.range(DAY_OF_MONTH).getMaximum(), day));
    }

    
Formats this month-day using the specified formatter.

This month-day will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
Params:
formatter –  the formatter to use, not null
Throws:
DateTimeException – if an error occurs during printing
Returns:
the formatted month-day string, not null/**
     * Formats this month-day using the specified formatter.
     * <p>
     * This month-day will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
     *
     * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
     * @return the formatted month-day string, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if an error occurs during printing
     */
    public String format(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
        return formatter.format(this);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Combines this month-day with a year to create a LocalDate. 
 This returns a LocalDate formed from this month-day and the specified year. 

A month-day of February 29th will be adjusted to February 28th in the resulting
date if the year is not a leap year.

This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
Params:
year –  the year to use, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the year is outside the valid range of years
Returns:
the local date formed from this month-day and the specified year, not null/**
     * Combines this month-day with a year to create a {@code LocalDate}.
     * <p>
     * This returns a {@code LocalDate} formed from this month-day and the specified year.
     * <p>
     * A month-day of February 29th will be adjusted to February 28th in the resulting
     * date if the year is not a leap year.
     * <p>
     * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
     *
     * @param year  the year to use, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
     * @return the local date formed from this month-day and the specified year, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the year is outside the valid range of years
     */
    public LocalDate atYear(int year) {
        return LocalDate.of(year, month, isValidYear(year) ? day : 28);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Compares this month-day to another month-day.
 The comparison is based first on value of the month, then on the value of the day. It is "consistent with equals", as defined by Comparable. 
Params:
other –  the other month-day to compare to, not null
Returns:
the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater/**
     * Compares this month-day to another month-day.
     * <p>
     * The comparison is based first on value of the month, then on the value of the day.
     * It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
     *
     * @param other  the other month-day to compare to, not null
     * @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(MonthDay other) {
        int cmp = (month - other.month);
        if (cmp == 0) {
            cmp = (day - other.day);
        }
        return cmp;
    }

    
Checks if this month-day is after the specified month-day.
Params:
other –  the other month-day to compare to, not null
Returns:
true if this is after the specified month-day/**
     * Checks if this month-day is after the specified month-day.
     *
     * @param other  the other month-day to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this is after the specified month-day
     */
    public boolean isAfter(MonthDay other) {
        return compareTo(other) > 0;
    }

    
Checks if this month-day is before the specified month-day.
Params:
other –  the other month-day to compare to, not null
Returns:
true if this point is before the specified month-day/**
     * Checks if this month-day is before the specified month-day.
     *
     * @param other  the other month-day to compare to, not null
     * @return true if this point is before the specified month-day
     */
    public boolean isBefore(MonthDay other) {
        return compareTo(other) < 0;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Checks if this month-day is equal to another month-day.

The comparison is based on the time-line position of the month-day within a year.
Params:
obj –  the object to check, null returns false
Returns:
true if this is equal to the other month-day/**
     * Checks if this month-day is equal to another month-day.
     * <p>
     * The comparison is based on the time-line position of the month-day within a year.
     *
     * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
     * @return true if this is equal to the other month-day
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof MonthDay) {
            MonthDay other = (MonthDay) obj;
            return month == other.month && day == other.day;
        }
        return false;
    }

    
A hash code for this month-day.
Returns:
a suitable hash code/**
     * A hash code for this month-day.
     *
     * @return a suitable hash code
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return (month << 6) + day;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Outputs this month-day as a String, such as --12-03. 
 The output will be in the format --MM-dd: 
Returns:
a string representation of this month-day, not null/**
     * Outputs this month-day as a {@code String}, such as {@code --12-03}.
     * <p>
     * The output will be in the format {@code --MM-dd}:
     *
     * @return a string representation of this month-day, not null
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new StringBuilder(10).append("--")
            .append(month < 10 ? "0" : "").append(month)
            .append(day < 10 ? "-0" : "-").append(day)
            .toString();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Writes the object using a
dedicated serialized form.
@serialData

 out.writeByte(13);  // identifies a MonthDay
 out.writeByte(month);
 out.writeByte(day);
Returns:
the instance of Ser, not null/**
     * Writes the object using a
     * <a href="../../serialized-form.html#java.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
     * @serialData
     * <pre>
     *  out.writeByte(13);  // identifies a MonthDay
     *  out.writeByte(month);
     *  out.writeByte(day);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
     */
    private Object writeReplace() {
        return new Ser(Ser.MONTH_DAY_TYPE, this);
    }

    
Defend against malicious streams.
Params:
s – the stream to read
Throws:
InvalidObjectException – always/**
     * Defend against malicious streams.
     *
     * @param s the stream to read
     * @throws InvalidObjectException always
     */
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
    }

    void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
        out.writeByte(month);
        out.writeByte(day);
    }

    static MonthDay readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
        byte month = in.readByte();
        byte day = in.readByte();
        return MonthDay.of(month, day);
    }

}