https://openjdk.java.net/ 
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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package com.sun.crypto.provider;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Provider;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;
import java.security.spec.InvalidParameterSpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Arrays;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.CipherSpi;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SealedObject;
import javax.crypto.spec.*;
import javax.security.auth.DestroyFailedException;

import sun.security.x509.AlgorithmId;
import sun.security.util.ObjectIdentifier;
import sun.security.util.SecurityProperties;


This class implements a protection mechanism for private keys. In JCE, we
use a stronger protection mechanism than in the JDK, because we can use
the Cipher class.
Private keys are protected using the JCE mechanism, and are recovered using
either the JDK or JCE mechanism, depending on how the key has been
protected. This allows us to parse Sun's keystore implementation that ships
with JDK 1.2.

Author:Jan Luehe
See Also:
/**
 * This class implements a protection mechanism for private keys. In JCE, we
 * use a stronger protection mechanism than in the JDK, because we can use
 * the <code>Cipher</code> class.
 * Private keys are protected using the JCE mechanism, and are recovered using
 * either the JDK or JCE mechanism, depending on how the key has been
 * protected. This allows us to parse Sun's keystore implementation that ships
 * with JDK 1.2.
 *
 * @author Jan Luehe
 *
 *
 * @see JceKeyStore
 */

final class KeyProtector {

    // defined by SunSoft (SKI project)
    private static final String PBE_WITH_MD5_AND_DES3_CBC_OID
            = "1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.19.1";

    // JavaSoft proprietary key-protection algorithm (used to protect private
    // keys in the keystore implementation that comes with JDK 1.2)
    private static final String KEY_PROTECTOR_OID = "1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.17.1.1";

    private static final int MAX_ITERATION_COUNT = 5000000;
    private static final int MIN_ITERATION_COUNT = 10000;
    private static final int DEFAULT_ITERATION_COUNT = 200000;
    private static final int SALT_LEN = 20; // the salt length
    private static final int DIGEST_LEN = 20;
    private static final int ITERATION_COUNT;

    // the password used for protecting/recovering keys passed through this
    // key protector
    private char[] password;

    
jdk.jceks.iterationCount property indicating the
number of iterations for password-based encryption (PBE) in JCEKS
keystores. Values in the range 10000 to 5000000 are considered valid.
If the value is out of this range, or is not a number, or is
unspecified; a default of 200000 is used.

/**
     * {@systemProperty jdk.jceks.iterationCount} property indicating the
     * number of iterations for password-based encryption (PBE) in JCEKS
     * keystores. Values in the range 10000 to 5000000 are considered valid.
     * If the value is out of this range, or is not a number, or is
     * unspecified; a default of 200000 is used.
     */
    static {
        int iterationCount = DEFAULT_ITERATION_COUNT;
        String ic = SecurityProperties.privilegedGetOverridable(
                "jdk.jceks.iterationCount");
        if (ic != null && !ic.isEmpty()) {
            try {
                iterationCount = Integer.parseInt(ic);
                if (iterationCount < MIN_ITERATION_COUNT ||
                        iterationCount > MAX_ITERATION_COUNT) {
                    iterationCount = DEFAULT_ITERATION_COUNT;
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {}
        }
        ITERATION_COUNT = iterationCount;
    }

    KeyProtector(char[] password) {
        if (password == null) {
           throw new IllegalArgumentException("password can't be null");
        }
        this.password = password;
    }

    
Protects the given cleartext private key, using the password provided at
construction time.

/**
     * Protects the given cleartext private key, using the password provided at
     * construction time.
     */
    byte[] protect(PrivateKey key)
        throws Exception
    {
        // create a random salt (8 bytes)
        byte[] salt = new byte[8];
        SunJCE.getRandom().nextBytes(salt);

        // create PBE parameters from salt and iteration count
        PBEParameterSpec pbeSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATION_COUNT);

        // create PBE key from password
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(this.password);
        SecretKey sKey = null;
        PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher cipher;
        try {
            sKey = new PBEKey(pbeKeySpec, "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES", false);
            // encrypt private key
            cipher = new PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher();
            cipher.engineInit(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, sKey, pbeSpec, null);
        } finally {
            pbeKeySpec.clearPassword();
            if (sKey != null) sKey.destroy();
        }
        byte[] plain = key.getEncoded();
        byte[] encrKey = cipher.engineDoFinal(plain, 0, plain.length);
        Arrays.fill(plain, (byte) 0x00);

        // wrap encrypted private key in EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
        // (as defined in PKCS#8)
        AlgorithmParameters pbeParams =
            AlgorithmParameters.getInstance("PBE", SunJCE.getInstance());
        pbeParams.init(pbeSpec);

        AlgorithmId encrAlg = new AlgorithmId
            (new ObjectIdentifier(PBE_WITH_MD5_AND_DES3_CBC_OID), pbeParams);
        return new EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo(encrAlg,encrKey).getEncoded();
    }

    /*
     * Recovers the cleartext version of the given key (in protected format),
     * using the password provided at construction time.
     */
    Key recover(EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo encrInfo)
        throws UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
    {
        byte[] plain = null;
        SecretKey sKey = null;
        try {
            String encrAlg = encrInfo.getAlgorithm().getOID().toString();
            if (!encrAlg.equals(PBE_WITH_MD5_AND_DES3_CBC_OID)
                && !encrAlg.equals(KEY_PROTECTOR_OID)) {
                throw new UnrecoverableKeyException("Unsupported encryption "
                                                    + "algorithm");
            }

            if (encrAlg.equals(KEY_PROTECTOR_OID)) {
                // JDK 1.2 style recovery
                plain = recover(encrInfo.getEncryptedData());
            } else {
                byte[] encodedParams =
                    encrInfo.getAlgorithm().getEncodedParams();

                // parse the PBE parameters into the corresponding spec
                AlgorithmParameters pbeParams =
                    AlgorithmParameters.getInstance("PBE");
                pbeParams.init(encodedParams);
                PBEParameterSpec pbeSpec =
                        pbeParams.getParameterSpec(PBEParameterSpec.class);
                if (pbeSpec.getIterationCount() > MAX_ITERATION_COUNT) {
                    throw new IOException("PBE iteration count too large");
                }

                // create PBE key from password
                PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(this.password);
                sKey = new PBEKey(pbeKeySpec, "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES", false);
                pbeKeySpec.clearPassword();

                // decrypt private key
                PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher cipher;
                cipher = new PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher();
                cipher.engineInit(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, sKey, pbeSpec, null);
                plain=cipher.engineDoFinal(encrInfo.getEncryptedData(), 0,
                                           encrInfo.getEncryptedData().length);
            }

            // determine the private-key algorithm, and parse private key
            // using the appropriate key factory
            String oidName = new AlgorithmId
                (new PrivateKeyInfo(plain).getAlgorithm().getOID()).getName();
            KeyFactory kFac = KeyFactory.getInstance(oidName);
            return kFac.generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(plain));
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            // Note: this catch needed to be here because of the
            // later catch of GeneralSecurityException
            throw ex;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new UnrecoverableKeyException(ioe.getMessage());
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException gse) {
            throw new UnrecoverableKeyException(gse.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (plain != null) Arrays.fill(plain, (byte) 0x00);
            if (sKey != null) {
                try {
                    sKey.destroy();
                } catch (DestroyFailedException e) {
                    //shouldn't happen
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Recovers the cleartext version of the given key (in protected format),
     * using the password provided at construction time. This method implements
     * the recovery algorithm used by Sun's keystore implementation in
     * JDK 1.2.
     */
    private byte[] recover(byte[] protectedKey)
        throws UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
    {
        int i, j;
        byte[] digest;
        int numRounds;
        int xorOffset; // offset in xorKey where next digest will be stored
        int encrKeyLen; // the length of the encrpyted key

        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA");

        // Get the salt associated with this key (the first SALT_LEN bytes of
        // <code>protectedKey</code>)
        byte[] salt = new byte[SALT_LEN];
        System.arraycopy(protectedKey, 0, salt, 0, SALT_LEN);

        // Determine the number of digest rounds
        encrKeyLen = protectedKey.length - SALT_LEN - DIGEST_LEN;
        numRounds = encrKeyLen / DIGEST_LEN;
        if ((encrKeyLen % DIGEST_LEN) != 0)
            numRounds++;

        // Get the encrypted key portion and store it in "encrKey"
        byte[] encrKey = new byte[encrKeyLen];
        System.arraycopy(protectedKey, SALT_LEN, encrKey, 0, encrKeyLen);

        // Set up the byte array which will be XORed with "encrKey"
        byte[] xorKey = new byte[encrKey.length];

        // Convert password to byte array, so that it can be digested
        byte[] passwdBytes = new byte[password.length * 2];
        for (i=0, j=0; i<password.length; i++) {
            passwdBytes[j++] = (byte)(password[i] >> 8);
            passwdBytes[j++] = (byte)password[i];
        }

        // Compute the digests, and store them in "xorKey"
        for (i = 0, xorOffset = 0, digest = salt;
             i < numRounds;
             i++, xorOffset += DIGEST_LEN) {
            md.update(passwdBytes);
            md.update(digest);
            digest = md.digest();
            md.reset();
            // Copy the digest into "xorKey"
            if (i < numRounds - 1) {
                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, xorKey, xorOffset,
                                 digest.length);
            } else {
                System.arraycopy(digest, 0, xorKey, xorOffset,
                                 xorKey.length - xorOffset);
            }
        }

        // XOR "encrKey" with "xorKey", and store the result in "plainKey"
        byte[] plainKey = new byte[encrKey.length];
        for (i = 0; i < plainKey.length; i++) {
            plainKey[i] = (byte)(encrKey[i] ^ xorKey[i]);
        }

        // Check the integrity of the recovered key by concatenating it with
        // the password, digesting the concatenation, and comparing the
        // result of the digest operation with the digest provided at the end
        // of <code>protectedKey</code>. If the two digest values are
        // different, throw an exception.
        md.update(passwdBytes);
        Arrays.fill(passwdBytes, (byte)0x00);
        passwdBytes = null;
        md.update(plainKey);
        digest = md.digest();
        md.reset();
        for (i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {
            if (digest[i] != protectedKey[SALT_LEN + encrKeyLen + i]) {
                throw new UnrecoverableKeyException("Cannot recover key");
            }
        }
        return plainKey;
    }

    
Seals the given cleartext key, using the password provided at
construction time

/**
     * Seals the given cleartext key, using the password provided at
     * construction time
     */
    SealedObject seal(Key key)
        throws Exception
    {
        // create a random salt (8 bytes)
        byte[] salt = new byte[8];
        SunJCE.getRandom().nextBytes(salt);

        // create PBE parameters from salt and iteration count
        PBEParameterSpec pbeSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, ITERATION_COUNT);

        // create PBE key from password
        PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(this.password);
        SecretKey sKey = null;
        Cipher cipher;
        try {
            sKey = new PBEKey(pbeKeySpec, "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES", false);
            pbeKeySpec.clearPassword();

            // seal key
            PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher cipherSpi;
            cipherSpi = new PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher();
            cipher = new CipherForKeyProtector(cipherSpi, SunJCE.getInstance(),
                                               "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES");
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, sKey, pbeSpec);
        } finally {
            if (sKey != null) sKey.destroy();
        }
        return new SealedObjectForKeyProtector(key, cipher);
    }

    
Unseals the sealed key.

Params:
  • maxLength – Maximum possible length of so.
                 If bigger, must be illegal.
/**
     * Unseals the sealed key.
     *
     * @param maxLength Maximum possible length of so.
     *                  If bigger, must be illegal.
     */
    Key unseal(SealedObject so, int maxLength)
        throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
        SecretKey sKey = null;
        try {
            // create PBE key from password
            PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(this.password);
            sKey = new PBEKey(pbeKeySpec,
                    "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES", false);
            pbeKeySpec.clearPassword();

            SealedObjectForKeyProtector soForKeyProtector = null;
            if (!(so instanceof SealedObjectForKeyProtector)) {
                soForKeyProtector = new SealedObjectForKeyProtector(so);
            } else {
                soForKeyProtector = (SealedObjectForKeyProtector)so;
            }
            AlgorithmParameters params = soForKeyProtector.getParameters();
            if (params == null) {
                throw new UnrecoverableKeyException("Cannot get " +
                                                    "algorithm parameters");
            }
            PBEParameterSpec pbeSpec;
            try {
                pbeSpec = params.getParameterSpec(PBEParameterSpec.class);
            } catch (InvalidParameterSpecException ipse) {
                throw new IOException("Invalid PBE algorithm parameters");
            }
            if (pbeSpec.getIterationCount() > MAX_ITERATION_COUNT) {
                throw new IOException("PBE iteration count too large");
            }
            PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher cipherSpi;
            cipherSpi = new PBEWithMD5AndTripleDESCipher();
            Cipher cipher = new CipherForKeyProtector(cipherSpi,
                                                      SunJCE.getInstance(),
                                                      "PBEWithMD5AndTripleDES");
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, sKey, params);
            return soForKeyProtector.getKey(cipher, maxLength);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
            // Note: this catch needed to be here because of the
            // later catch of GeneralSecurityException
            throw ex;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new UnrecoverableKeyException(ioe.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
            throw new UnrecoverableKeyException(cnfe.getMessage());
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException gse) {
            throw new UnrecoverableKeyException(gse.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (sKey != null) {
                try {
                    sKey.destroy();
                } catch (DestroyFailedException e) {
                    //shouldn't happen
                }
            }
        }
    }
}


final class CipherForKeyProtector extends javax.crypto.Cipher {
    
Creates a Cipher object.

Params:
  • cipherSpi – the delegate
  • provider – the provider
  • transformation – the transformation
/**
     * Creates a Cipher object.
     *
     * @param cipherSpi the delegate
     * @param provider the provider
     * @param transformation the transformation
     */
    protected CipherForKeyProtector(CipherSpi cipherSpi,
                                    Provider provider,
                                    String transformation) {
        super(cipherSpi, provider, transformation);
    }
}