/*
 * Copyright 2012 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package io.netty.example.http.upload;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpUtil;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderValues;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObject;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.LastHttpContent;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.cookie.Cookie;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.cookie.ServerCookieDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.cookie.ServerCookieEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.Attribute;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.DefaultHttpDataFactory;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.DiskAttribute;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.DiskFileUpload;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.FileUpload;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.HttpData;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.HttpDataFactory;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.HttpPostRequestDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.HttpPostRequestDecoder.EndOfDataDecoderException;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.HttpPostRequestDecoder.ErrorDataDecoderException;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.InterfaceHttpData;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.multipart.InterfaceHttpData.HttpDataType;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import static io.netty.buffer.Unpooled.*;

public class HttpUploadServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpObject> {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HttpUploadServerHandler.class.getName());

    private HttpRequest request;

    private boolean readingChunks;

    private HttpData partialContent;

    private final StringBuilder responseContent = new StringBuilder();

    private static final HttpDataFactory factory =
            new DefaultHttpDataFactory(DefaultHttpDataFactory.MINSIZE); // Disk if size exceed

    private HttpPostRequestDecoder decoder;

    static {
        DiskFileUpload.deleteOnExitTemporaryFile = true; // should delete file
                                                         // on exit (in normal
                                                         // exit)
        DiskFileUpload.baseDirectory = null; // system temp directory
        DiskAttribute.deleteOnExitTemporaryFile = true; // should delete file on
                                                        // exit (in normal exit)
        DiskAttribute.baseDirectory = null; // system temp directory
    }

    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        if (decoder != null) {
            decoder.cleanFiles();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpObject msg) throws Exception {
        if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
            HttpRequest request = this.request = (HttpRequest) msg;
            URI uri = new URI(request.uri());
            if (!uri.getPath().startsWith("/form")) {
                // Write Menu
                writeMenu(ctx);
                return;
            }
            responseContent.setLength(0);
            responseContent.append("WELCOME TO THE WILD WILD WEB SERVER\r\n");
            responseContent.append("===================================\r\n");

            responseContent.append("VERSION: " + request.protocolVersion().text() + "\r\n");

            responseContent.append("REQUEST_URI: " + request.uri() + "\r\n\r\n");
            responseContent.append("\r\n\r\n");

            // new getMethod
            for (Entry<String, String> entry : request.headers()) {
                responseContent.append("HEADER: " + entry.getKey() + '=' + entry.getValue() + "\r\n");
            }
            responseContent.append("\r\n\r\n");

            // new getMethod
            Set<Cookie> cookies;
            String value = request.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.COOKIE);
            if (value == null) {
                cookies = Collections.emptySet();
            } else {
                cookies = ServerCookieDecoder.STRICT.decode(value);
            }
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                responseContent.append("COOKIE: " + cookie + "\r\n");
            }
            responseContent.append("\r\n\r\n");

            QueryStringDecoder decoderQuery = new QueryStringDecoder(request.uri());
            Map<String, List<String>> uriAttributes = decoderQuery.parameters();
            for (Entry<String, List<String>> attr: uriAttributes.entrySet()) {
                for (String attrVal: attr.getValue()) {
                    responseContent.append("URI: " + attr.getKey() + '=' + attrVal + "\r\n");
                }
            }
            responseContent.append("\r\n\r\n");

            // if GET Method: should not try to create a HttpPostRequestDecoder
            if (request.method().equals(HttpMethod.GET)) {
                // GET Method: should not try to create a HttpPostRequestDecoder
                // So stop here
                responseContent.append("\r\n\r\nEND OF GET CONTENT\r\n");
                // Not now: LastHttpContent will be sent writeResponse(ctx.channel());
                return;
            }
            try {
                decoder = new HttpPostRequestDecoder(factory, request);
            } catch (ErrorDataDecoderException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
                responseContent.append(e1.getMessage());
                writeResponse(ctx.channel());
                ctx.channel().close();
                return;
            }

            readingChunks = HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(request);
            responseContent.append("Is Chunked: " + readingChunks + "\r\n");
            responseContent.append("IsMultipart: " + decoder.isMultipart() + "\r\n");
            if (readingChunks) {
                // Chunk version
                responseContent.append("Chunks: ");
                readingChunks = true;
            }
        }

        // check if the decoder was constructed before
        // if not it handles the form get
        if (decoder != null) {
            if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
                // New chunk is received
                HttpContent chunk = (HttpContent) msg;
                try {
                    decoder.offer(chunk);
                } catch (ErrorDataDecoderException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                    responseContent.append(e1.getMessage());
                    writeResponse(ctx.channel());
                    ctx.channel().close();
                    return;
                }
                responseContent.append('o');
                // example of reading chunk by chunk (minimize memory usage due to
                // Factory)
                readHttpDataChunkByChunk();
                // example of reading only if at the end
                if (chunk instanceof LastHttpContent) {
                    writeResponse(ctx.channel());
                    readingChunks = false;

                    reset();
                }
            }
        } else {
            writeResponse(ctx.channel());
        }
    }

    private void reset() {
        request = null;

        // destroy the decoder to release all resources
        decoder.destroy();
        decoder = null;
    }

    
Example of reading request by chunk and getting values from chunk to chunk
/**
     * Example of reading request by chunk and getting values from chunk to chunk
     */
    private void readHttpDataChunkByChunk() {
        try {
            while (decoder.hasNext()) {
                InterfaceHttpData data = decoder.next();
                if (data != null) {
                    // check if current HttpData is a FileUpload and previously set as partial
                    if (partialContent == data) {
                        logger.info(" 100% (FinalSize: " + partialContent.length() + ")");
                        partialContent = null;
                    }
                    try {
                        // new value
                        writeHttpData(data);
                    } finally {
                        data.release();
                    }
                }
            }
            // Check partial decoding for a FileUpload
            InterfaceHttpData data = decoder.currentPartialHttpData();
            if (data != null) {
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                if (partialContent == null) {
                    partialContent = (HttpData) data;
                    if (partialContent instanceof FileUpload) {
                        builder.append("Start FileUpload: ")
                            .append(((FileUpload) partialContent).getFilename()).append(" ");
                    } else {
                        builder.append("Start Attribute: ")
                            .append(partialContent.getName()).append(" ");
                    }
                    builder.append("(DefinedSize: ").append(partialContent.definedLength()).append(")");
                }
                if (partialContent.definedLength() > 0) {
                    builder.append(" ").append(partialContent.length() * 100 / partialContent.definedLength())
                        .append("% ");
                    logger.info(builder.toString());
                } else {
                    builder.append(" ").append(partialContent.length()).append(" ");
                    logger.info(builder.toString());
                }
            }
        } catch (EndOfDataDecoderException e1) {
            // end
            responseContent.append("\r\n\r\nEND OF CONTENT CHUNK BY CHUNK\r\n\r\n");
        }
    }

    private void writeHttpData(InterfaceHttpData data) {
        if (data.getHttpDataType() == HttpDataType.Attribute) {
            Attribute attribute = (Attribute) data;
            String value;
            try {
                value = attribute.getValue();
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                // Error while reading data from File, only print name and error
                e1.printStackTrace();
                responseContent.append("\r\nBODY Attribute: " + attribute.getHttpDataType().name() + ": "
                        + attribute.getName() + " Error while reading value: " + e1.getMessage() + "\r\n");
                return;
            }
            if (value.length() > 100) {
                responseContent.append("\r\nBODY Attribute: " + attribute.getHttpDataType().name() + ": "
                        + attribute.getName() + " data too long\r\n");
            } else {
                responseContent.append("\r\nBODY Attribute: " + attribute.getHttpDataType().name() + ": "
                        + attribute + "\r\n");
            }
        } else {
            responseContent.append("\r\nBODY FileUpload: " + data.getHttpDataType().name() + ": " + data
                    + "\r\n");
            if (data.getHttpDataType() == HttpDataType.FileUpload) {
                FileUpload fileUpload = (FileUpload) data;
                if (fileUpload.isCompleted()) {
                    if (fileUpload.length() < 10000) {
                        responseContent.append("\tContent of file\r\n");
                        try {
                            responseContent.append(fileUpload.getString(fileUpload.getCharset()));
                        } catch (IOException e1) {
                            // do nothing for the example
                            e1.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        responseContent.append("\r\n");
                    } else {
                        responseContent.append("\tFile too long to be printed out:" + fileUpload.length() + "\r\n");
                    }
                    // fileUpload.isInMemory();// tells if the file is in Memory
                    // or on File
                    // fileUpload.renameTo(dest); // enable to move into another
                    // File dest
                    // decoder.removeFileUploadFromClean(fileUpload); //remove
                    // the File of to delete file
                } else {
                    responseContent.append("\tFile to be continued but should not!\r\n");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void writeResponse(Channel channel) {
        // Convert the response content to a ChannelBuffer.
        ByteBuf buf = copiedBuffer(responseContent.toString(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
        responseContent.setLength(0);

        // Decide whether to close the connection or not.
        boolean close = request.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.CLOSE, true)
                || request.protocolVersion().equals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0)
                && !request.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE, true);

        // Build the response object.
        FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
                HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, buf);
        response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");

        if (!close) {
            // There's no need to add 'Content-Length' header
            // if this is the last response.
            response.headers().setInt(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, buf.readableBytes());
        }

        Set<Cookie> cookies;
        String value = request.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.COOKIE);
        if (value == null) {
            cookies = Collections.emptySet();
        } else {
            cookies = ServerCookieDecoder.STRICT.decode(value);
        }
        if (!cookies.isEmpty()) {
            // Reset the cookies if necessary.
            for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
                response.headers().add(HttpHeaderNames.SET_COOKIE, ServerCookieEncoder.STRICT.encode(cookie));
            }
        }
        // Write the response.
        ChannelFuture future = channel.writeAndFlush(response);
        // Close the connection after the write operation is done if necessary.
        if (close) {
            future.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
        }
    }

    private void writeMenu(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        // print several HTML forms
        // Convert the response content to a ChannelBuffer.
        responseContent.setLength(0);

        // create Pseudo Menu
        responseContent.append("<html>");
        responseContent.append("<head>");
        responseContent.append("<title>Netty Test Form</title>\r\n");
        responseContent.append("</head>\r\n");
        responseContent.append("<body bgcolor=white><style>td{font-size: 12pt;}</style>");

        responseContent.append("<table border=\"0\">");
        responseContent.append("<tr>");
        responseContent.append("<td>");
        responseContent.append("<h1>Netty Test Form</h1>");
        responseContent.append("Choose one FORM");
        responseContent.append("</td>");
        responseContent.append("</tr>");
        responseContent.append("</table>\r\n");

        // GET
        responseContent.append("<CENTER>GET FORM<HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");
        responseContent.append("<FORM ACTION=\"/formget\" METHOD=\"GET\">");
        responseContent.append("<input type=hidden name=getform value=\"GET\">");
        responseContent.append("<table border=\"0\">");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"info\" size=10></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"secondinfo\" size=20>");
        responseContent
                .append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <textarea name=\"thirdinfo\" cols=40 rows=10></textarea>");
        responseContent.append("</td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td><INPUT TYPE=\"submit\" NAME=\"Send\" VALUE=\"Send\"></INPUT></td>");
        responseContent.append("<td><INPUT TYPE=\"reset\" NAME=\"Clear\" VALUE=\"Clear\" ></INPUT></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("</table></FORM>\r\n");
        responseContent.append("<CENTER><HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");

        // POST
        responseContent.append("<CENTER>POST FORM<HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");
        responseContent.append("<FORM ACTION=\"/formpost\" METHOD=\"POST\">");
        responseContent.append("<input type=hidden name=getform value=\"POST\">");
        responseContent.append("<table border=\"0\">");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"info\" size=10></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"secondinfo\" size=20>");
        responseContent
                .append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <textarea name=\"thirdinfo\" cols=40 rows=10></textarea>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with file (only file name will be transmitted): <br> "
                + "<input type=file name=\"myfile\">");
        responseContent.append("</td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td><INPUT TYPE=\"submit\" NAME=\"Send\" VALUE=\"Send\"></INPUT></td>");
        responseContent.append("<td><INPUT TYPE=\"reset\" NAME=\"Clear\" VALUE=\"Clear\" ></INPUT></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("</table></FORM>\r\n");
        responseContent.append("<CENTER><HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");

        // POST with enctype="multipart/form-data"
        responseContent.append("<CENTER>POST MULTIPART FORM<HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");
        responseContent.append("<FORM ACTION=\"/formpostmultipart\" ENCTYPE=\"multipart/form-data\" METHOD=\"POST\">");
        responseContent.append("<input type=hidden name=getform value=\"POST\">");
        responseContent.append("<table border=\"0\">");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"info\" size=10></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <input type=text name=\"secondinfo\" size=20>");
        responseContent
                .append("<tr><td>Fill with value: <br> <textarea name=\"thirdinfo\" cols=40 rows=10></textarea>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td>Fill with file: <br> <input type=file name=\"myfile\">");
        responseContent.append("</td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("<tr><td><INPUT TYPE=\"submit\" NAME=\"Send\" VALUE=\"Send\"></INPUT></td>");
        responseContent.append("<td><INPUT TYPE=\"reset\" NAME=\"Clear\" VALUE=\"Clear\" ></INPUT></td></tr>");
        responseContent.append("</table></FORM>\r\n");
        responseContent.append("<CENTER><HR WIDTH=\"75%\" NOSHADE color=\"blue\"></CENTER>");

        responseContent.append("</body>");
        responseContent.append("</html>");

        ByteBuf buf = copiedBuffer(responseContent.toString(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
        // Build the response object.
        FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
                HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK, buf);

        response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8");
        response.headers().setInt(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, buf.readableBytes());

        // Write the response.
        ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(response);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        logger.log(Level.WARNING, responseContent.toString(), cause);
        ctx.channel().close();
    }
}