/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.inject.spi;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.inject.internal.InternalFlags.getIncludeStackTraceOption;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Binder;
import com.google.inject.Binding;
import com.google.inject.Key;
import com.google.inject.MembersInjector;
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.google.inject.PrivateBinder;
import com.google.inject.PrivateModule;
import com.google.inject.Provider;
import com.google.inject.Scope;
import com.google.inject.Stage;
import com.google.inject.TypeLiteral;
import com.google.inject.binder.AnnotatedBindingBuilder;
import com.google.inject.binder.AnnotatedConstantBindingBuilder;
import com.google.inject.binder.AnnotatedElementBuilder;
import com.google.inject.internal.AbstractBindingBuilder;
import com.google.inject.internal.BindingBuilder;
import com.google.inject.internal.ConstantBindingBuilderImpl;
import com.google.inject.internal.Errors;
import com.google.inject.internal.ExposureBuilder;
import com.google.inject.internal.InternalFlags.IncludeStackTraceOption;
import com.google.inject.internal.MoreTypes;
import com.google.inject.internal.PrivateElementsImpl;
import com.google.inject.internal.ProviderMethodsModule;
import com.google.inject.internal.util.SourceProvider;
import com.google.inject.internal.util.StackTraceElements;
import com.google.inject.matcher.Matcher;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

Exposes elements of a module so they can be inspected, validated or rewritten. 
Author:
jessewilson@google.com (Jesse Wilson)
Since:
2.0/**
 * Exposes elements of a module so they can be inspected, validated or {@link
 * Element#applyTo(Binder) rewritten}.
 *
 * @author jessewilson@google.com (Jesse Wilson)
 * @since 2.0
 */
public final class Elements {

  private static final BindingTargetVisitor<Object, Object> GET_INSTANCE_VISITOR =
      new DefaultBindingTargetVisitor<Object, Object>() {
        @Override
        public Object visit(InstanceBinding<?> binding) {
          return binding.getInstance();
        }

        @Override
        protected Object visitOther(Binding<?> binding) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
      };

  
Records the elements executed by modules. /** Records the elements executed by {@code modules}. */
  public static List<Element> getElements(Module... modules) {
    return getElements(Stage.DEVELOPMENT, Arrays.asList(modules));
  }

  
Records the elements executed by modules. /** Records the elements executed by {@code modules}. */
  public static List<Element> getElements(Stage stage, Module... modules) {
    return getElements(stage, Arrays.asList(modules));
  }

  
Records the elements executed by modules. /** Records the elements executed by {@code modules}. */
  public static List<Element> getElements(Iterable<? extends Module> modules) {
    return getElements(Stage.DEVELOPMENT, modules);
  }

  
Records the elements executed by modules. /** Records the elements executed by {@code modules}. */
  public static List<Element> getElements(Stage stage, Iterable<? extends Module> modules) {
    RecordingBinder binder = new RecordingBinder(stage);
    for (Module module : modules) {
      binder.install(module);
    }
    binder.scanForAnnotatedMethods();
    for (RecordingBinder child : binder.privateBinders) {
      child.scanForAnnotatedMethods();
    }
    // Free the memory consumed by the stack trace elements cache
    StackTraceElements.clearCache();
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(binder.elements);
  }

  private static class ElementsAsModule implements Module {
    private final Iterable<? extends Element> elements;

    ElementsAsModule(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
      this.elements = elements;
    }

    @Override
    public void configure(Binder binder) {
      for (Element element : elements) {
        element.applyTo(binder);
      }
    }
  }

  
Returns the module composed of elements. /** Returns the module composed of {@code elements}. */
  public static Module getModule(final Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
    return new ElementsAsModule(elements);
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  static <T> BindingTargetVisitor<T, T> getInstanceVisitor() {
    return (BindingTargetVisitor<T, T>) GET_INSTANCE_VISITOR;
  }

  private static class ModuleInfo {
    private final Binder binder;
    private final ModuleSource moduleSource;
    private final boolean skipScanning;

    private ModuleInfo(Binder binder, ModuleSource moduleSource, boolean skipScanning) {
      this.binder = binder;
      this.moduleSource = moduleSource;
      this.skipScanning = skipScanning;
    }
  }

  private static class RecordingBinder implements Binder, PrivateBinder {
    private final Stage stage;
    private final Map<Module, ModuleInfo> modules;
    private final List<Element> elements;
    private final Object source;
    
The current modules stack /** The current modules stack */
    private ModuleSource moduleSource = null;

    private final SourceProvider sourceProvider;
    private final Set<ModuleAnnotatedMethodScanner> scanners;

    
The binder where exposed bindings will be created /** The binder where exposed bindings will be created */
    private final RecordingBinder parent;

    private final PrivateElementsImpl privateElements;

    
All children private binders, so we can scan through them. /** All children private binders, so we can scan through them. */
    private final List<RecordingBinder> privateBinders;

    private RecordingBinder(Stage stage) {
      this.stage = stage;
      this.modules = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
      this.scanners = Sets.newLinkedHashSet();
      this.elements = Lists.newArrayList();
      this.source = null;
      this.sourceProvider =
          SourceProvider.DEFAULT_INSTANCE.plusSkippedClasses(
              Elements.class,
              RecordingBinder.class,
              AbstractModule.class,
              ConstantBindingBuilderImpl.class,
              AbstractBindingBuilder.class,
              BindingBuilder.class);
      this.parent = null;
      this.privateElements = null;
      this.privateBinders = Lists.newArrayList();
    }

    
Creates a recording binder that's backed by prototype. /** Creates a recording binder that's backed by {@code prototype}. */
    private RecordingBinder(
        RecordingBinder prototype, Object source, SourceProvider sourceProvider) {
      checkArgument(source == null ^ sourceProvider == null);

      this.stage = prototype.stage;
      this.modules = prototype.modules;
      this.elements = prototype.elements;
      this.scanners = prototype.scanners;
      this.source = source;
      this.moduleSource = prototype.moduleSource;
      this.sourceProvider = sourceProvider;
      this.parent = prototype.parent;
      this.privateElements = prototype.privateElements;
      this.privateBinders = prototype.privateBinders;
    }

    
Creates a private recording binder. /** Creates a private recording binder. */
    private RecordingBinder(RecordingBinder parent, PrivateElementsImpl privateElements) {
      this.stage = parent.stage;
      this.modules = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
      this.scanners = Sets.newLinkedHashSet(parent.scanners);
      this.elements = privateElements.getElementsMutable();
      this.source = parent.source;
      this.moduleSource = parent.moduleSource;
      this.sourceProvider = parent.sourceProvider;
      this.parent = parent;
      this.privateElements = privateElements;
      this.privateBinders = parent.privateBinders;
    }

    /*if[AOP]*/
    @Override
    public void bindInterceptor(
        Matcher<? super Class<?>> classMatcher,
        Matcher<? super Method> methodMatcher,
        org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor... interceptors) {
      elements.add(
          new InterceptorBinding(getElementSource(), classMatcher, methodMatcher, interceptors));
    }
    /*end[AOP]*/

    @Override
    public void bindScope(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType, Scope scope) {
      elements.add(new ScopeBinding(getElementSource(), annotationType, scope));
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // it is safe to use the type literal for the raw type
    public void requestInjection(Object instance) {
      checkNotNull(instance, "instance");
      requestInjection((TypeLiteral<Object>) TypeLiteral.get(instance.getClass()), instance);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> void requestInjection(TypeLiteral<T> type, T instance) {
      checkNotNull(instance, "instance");
      elements.add(
          new InjectionRequest<T>(
              getElementSource(), MoreTypes.canonicalizeForKey(type), instance));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> MembersInjector<T> getMembersInjector(final TypeLiteral<T> typeLiteral) {
      final MembersInjectorLookup<T> element =
          new MembersInjectorLookup<T>(
              getElementSource(), MoreTypes.canonicalizeForKey(typeLiteral));
      elements.add(element);
      return element.getMembersInjector();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> MembersInjector<T> getMembersInjector(Class<T> type) {
      return getMembersInjector(TypeLiteral.get(type));
    }

    @Override
    public void bindListener(Matcher<? super TypeLiteral<?>> typeMatcher, TypeListener listener) {
      elements.add(new TypeListenerBinding(getElementSource(), listener, typeMatcher));
    }

    @Override
    public void bindListener(
        Matcher<? super Binding<?>> bindingMatcher, ProvisionListener... listeners) {
      elements.add(new ProvisionListenerBinding(getElementSource(), bindingMatcher, listeners));
    }

    @Override
    public void requestStaticInjection(Class<?>... types) {
      for (Class<?> type : types) {
        elements.add(new StaticInjectionRequest(getElementSource(), type));
      }
    }

    
Applies all scanners to the modules we've installed. We skip certain PrivateModules because
store them in more than one Modules map and only want to process them through one of the
maps. (They're stored in both maps to prevent a module from being installed more than once.)
/**
     * Applies all scanners to the modules we've installed. We skip certain PrivateModules because
     * store them in more than one Modules map and only want to process them through one of the
     * maps. (They're stored in both maps to prevent a module from being installed more than once.)
     */
    void scanForAnnotatedMethods() {
      for (ModuleAnnotatedMethodScanner scanner : scanners) {
        // Note: we must iterate over a copy of the modules because calling install(..)
        // will mutate modules, otherwise causing a ConcurrentModificationException.
        for (Map.Entry<Module, ModuleInfo> entry : Maps.newLinkedHashMap(modules).entrySet()) {
          Module module = entry.getKey();
          ModuleInfo info = entry.getValue();
          if (info.skipScanning) {
            continue;
          }
          moduleSource = entry.getValue().moduleSource;
          try {
            info.binder.install(ProviderMethodsModule.forModule(module, scanner));
          } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            Collection<Message> messages = Errors.getMessagesFromThrowable(e);
            if (!messages.isEmpty()) {
              elements.addAll(messages);
            } else {
              addError(e);
            }
          }
        }
      }
      moduleSource = null;
    }

    @Override
    public void install(Module module) {
      if (!modules.containsKey(module)) {
        RecordingBinder binder = this;
        boolean unwrapModuleSource = false;
        // Update the module source for the new module
        if (module instanceof ProviderMethodsModule) {
          // There are two reason's we'd want to get the module source in a ProviderMethodsModule.
          // ModuleAnnotatedMethodScanner lets users scan their own modules for @Provides-like
          // bindings.  If they install the module at a top-level, then moduleSource can be null.
          // Also, if they pass something other than 'this' to it, we'd have the wrong source.
          Class<?> delegateClass = ((ProviderMethodsModule) module).getDelegateModuleClass();
          if (moduleSource == null
              || !moduleSource.getModuleClassName().equals(delegateClass.getName())) {
            moduleSource = getModuleSource(delegateClass);
            unwrapModuleSource = true;
          }
        } else {
          moduleSource = getModuleSource(module.getClass());
          unwrapModuleSource = true;
        }
        boolean skipScanning = false;
        if (module instanceof PrivateModule) {
          binder = (RecordingBinder) binder.newPrivateBinder();
          // Store the module in the private binder too so we scan for it.
          binder.modules.put(module, new ModuleInfo(binder, moduleSource, false));
          skipScanning = true; // don't scan this module in the parent's module set.
        }
        // Always store this in the parent binder (even if it was a private module)
        // so that we know not to process it again, and so that scanners inherit down.
        modules.put(module, new ModuleInfo(binder, moduleSource, skipScanning));
        try {
          module.configure(binder);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
          Collection<Message> messages = Errors.getMessagesFromThrowable(e);
          if (!messages.isEmpty()) {
            elements.addAll(messages);
          } else {
            addError(e);
          }
        }
        binder.install(ProviderMethodsModule.forModule(module));
        // We are done with this module, so undo module source change
        if (unwrapModuleSource) {
          moduleSource = moduleSource.getParent();
        }
      }
    }

    @Override
    public Stage currentStage() {
      return stage;
    }

    @Override
    public void addError(String message, Object... arguments) {
      elements.add(new Message(getElementSource(), Errors.format(message, arguments)));
    }

    @Override
    public void addError(Throwable t) {
      String message = "An exception was caught and reported. Message: " + t.getMessage();
      elements.add(new Message(ImmutableList.of((Object) getElementSource()), message, t));
    }

    @Override
    public void addError(Message message) {
      elements.add(message);
    }

    @Override
    public <T> AnnotatedBindingBuilder<T> bind(Key<T> key) {
      BindingBuilder<T> builder =
          new BindingBuilder<T>(this, elements, getElementSource(), MoreTypes.canonicalizeKey(key));
      return builder;
    }

    @Override
    public <T> AnnotatedBindingBuilder<T> bind(TypeLiteral<T> typeLiteral) {
      return bind(Key.get(typeLiteral));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> AnnotatedBindingBuilder<T> bind(Class<T> type) {
      return bind(Key.get(type));
    }

    @Override
    public AnnotatedConstantBindingBuilder bindConstant() {
      return new ConstantBindingBuilderImpl<Void>(this, elements, getElementSource());
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Provider<T> getProvider(final Key<T> key) {
      return getProvider(Dependency.get(key));
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Provider<T> getProvider(final Dependency<T> dependency) {
      final ProviderLookup<T> element = new ProviderLookup<>(getElementSource(), dependency);
      elements.add(element);
      return element.getProvider();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Provider<T> getProvider(Class<T> type) {
      return getProvider(Key.get(type));
    }

    @Override
    public void convertToTypes(
        Matcher<? super TypeLiteral<?>> typeMatcher, TypeConverter converter) {
      elements.add(new TypeConverterBinding(getElementSource(), typeMatcher, converter));
    }

    @Override
    public RecordingBinder withSource(final Object source) {
      return source == this.source ? this : new RecordingBinder(this, source, null);
    }

    @Override
    public RecordingBinder skipSources(Class... classesToSkip) {
      // if a source is specified explicitly, we don't need to skip sources
      if (source != null) {
        return this;
      }

      SourceProvider newSourceProvider = sourceProvider.plusSkippedClasses(classesToSkip);
      return new RecordingBinder(this, null, newSourceProvider);
    }

    @Override
    public PrivateBinder newPrivateBinder() {
      PrivateElementsImpl privateElements = new PrivateElementsImpl(getElementSource());
      RecordingBinder binder = new RecordingBinder(this, privateElements);
      privateBinders.add(binder);
      elements.add(privateElements);
      return binder;
    }

    @Override
    public void disableCircularProxies() {
      elements.add(new DisableCircularProxiesOption(getElementSource()));
    }

    @Override
    public void requireExplicitBindings() {
      elements.add(new RequireExplicitBindingsOption(getElementSource()));
    }

    @Override
    public void requireAtInjectOnConstructors() {
      elements.add(new RequireAtInjectOnConstructorsOption(getElementSource()));
    }

    @Override
    public void requireExactBindingAnnotations() {
      elements.add(new RequireExactBindingAnnotationsOption(getElementSource()));
    }

    @Override
    public void scanModulesForAnnotatedMethods(ModuleAnnotatedMethodScanner scanner) {
      scanners.add(scanner);
      elements.add(new ModuleAnnotatedMethodScannerBinding(getElementSource(), scanner));
    }

    @Override
    public void expose(Key<?> key) {
      exposeInternal(key);
    }

    @Override
    public AnnotatedElementBuilder expose(Class<?> type) {
      return exposeInternal(Key.get(type));
    }

    @Override
    public AnnotatedElementBuilder expose(TypeLiteral<?> type) {
      return exposeInternal(Key.get(type));
    }

    private <T> AnnotatedElementBuilder exposeInternal(Key<T> key) {
      if (privateElements == null) {
        addError(
            "Cannot expose %s on a standard binder. "
                + "Exposed bindings are only applicable to private binders.",
            key);
        return new AnnotatedElementBuilder() {
          @Override
          public void annotatedWith(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {}

          @Override
          public void annotatedWith(Annotation annotation) {}
        };
      }

      ExposureBuilder<T> builder =
          new ExposureBuilder<T>(this, getElementSource(), MoreTypes.canonicalizeKey(key));
      privateElements.addExposureBuilder(builder);
      return builder;
    }

    private ModuleSource getModuleSource(Class<?> module) {
      StackTraceElement[] partialCallStack;
      if (getIncludeStackTraceOption() == IncludeStackTraceOption.COMPLETE) {
        partialCallStack = getPartialCallStack(new Throwable().getStackTrace());
      } else {
        partialCallStack = new StackTraceElement[0];
      }
      if (moduleSource == null) {
        return new ModuleSource(module, partialCallStack);
      }
      return moduleSource.createChild(module, partialCallStack);
    }

    private ElementSource getElementSource() {
      // Full call stack
      StackTraceElement[] callStack = null;
      // The call stack starts from current top module configure and ends at this method caller
      StackTraceElement[] partialCallStack = new StackTraceElement[0];
      // The element original source
      ElementSource originalSource = null;
      // The element declaring source
      Object declaringSource = source;
      if (declaringSource instanceof ElementSource) {
        originalSource = (ElementSource) declaringSource;
        declaringSource = originalSource.getDeclaringSource();
      }
      IncludeStackTraceOption stackTraceOption = getIncludeStackTraceOption();
      if (stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOption.COMPLETE
          || (stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOption.ONLY_FOR_DECLARING_SOURCE
              && declaringSource == null)) {
        callStack = new Throwable().getStackTrace();
      }
      if (stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOption.COMPLETE) {
        partialCallStack = getPartialCallStack(callStack);
      }
      if (declaringSource == null) {
        // So 'source' and 'originalSource' are null otherwise declaringSource has some value
        if (stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOption.COMPLETE
            || stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOption.ONLY_FOR_DECLARING_SOURCE) {
          // With the above conditions and assignments 'callStack' is non-null
          declaringSource = sourceProvider.get(callStack);
        } else { // or if (stackTraceOption == IncludeStackTraceOptions.OFF)
          // As neither 'declaring source' nor 'call stack' is available use 'module source'
          declaringSource = sourceProvider.getFromClassNames(moduleSource.getModuleClassNames());
        }
      }
      // Build the binding call stack
      return new ElementSource(originalSource, declaringSource, moduleSource, partialCallStack);
    }

    
Removes the moduleSource call stack from the beginning of current call stack. It also removes the last two elements in order to make install(Module) the last call in the call stack. /**
     * Removes the {@link #moduleSource} call stack from the beginning of current call stack. It
     * also removes the last two elements in order to make {@link #install(Module)} the last call in
     * the call stack.
     */
    private StackTraceElement[] getPartialCallStack(StackTraceElement[] callStack) {
      int toSkip = 0;
      if (moduleSource != null) {
        toSkip = moduleSource.getStackTraceSize();
      }
      // -1 for skipping 'getModuleSource' and 'getElementSource' calls
      int chunkSize = callStack.length - toSkip - 1;

      StackTraceElement[] partialCallStack = new StackTraceElement[chunkSize];
      System.arraycopy(callStack, 1, partialCallStack, 0, chunkSize);
      return partialCallStack;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Binder";
    }
  }
}