https://github.com/google/guava/guava: Guava is a suite of core and expanded libraries that include utility classes, google's collections, io classes, and much much more. 
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.net;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
import com.google.common.io.ByteStreams;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.Inet6Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;


Static utility methods pertaining to InetAddress instances. 
Important note: Unlike InetAddress.getByName(), the methods of this class never cause DNS services to be accessed. For this reason, you should prefer these methods as much as possible over their JDK equivalents whenever you are expecting to handle only IP address string literals -- there is no blocking DNS penalty for a malformed string. 
When dealing with Inet4Address and Inet6Address objects as byte arrays (vis. InetAddress.getAddress()) they are 4 and 16 bytes in length, respectively, and represent the address in network byte order. 
Examples of IP addresses and their byte representations:


  
The IPv4 loopback address, "127.0.0.1". 
7f 00 00 01 
The IPv6 loopback address, "::1". 
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 
From the IPv6 reserved documentation prefix (2001:db8::/32), "2001:db8::1". 
20 01 0d b8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 
An IPv6 "IPv4 compatible" (or "compat") address, "::192.168.0.1". 
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 a8 00 01 
An IPv6 "IPv4 mapped" address, "::ffff:192.168.0.1". 
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff c0 a8 00 01 


A few notes about IPv6 "IPv4 mapped" addresses and their observed use in Java.

"IPv4 mapped" addresses were originally a representation of IPv4 addresses for use on an IPv6 socket that could receive both IPv4 and IPv6 connections (by disabling the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option on an IPv6 socket). Yes, it's confusing. Nevertheless, these "mapped" addresses were never supposed to be seen on the wire. That assumption was dropped, some say mistakenly, in later RFCs with the apparent aim of making IPv4-to-IPv6 transition simpler. 
Technically one can create a 128bit IPv6 address with the wire format of a "mapped" address, as shown above, and transmit it in an IPv6 packet header. However, Java's InetAddress creation methods appear to adhere doggedly to the original intent of the "mapped" address: all "mapped" addresses return Inet4Address objects. 
For added safety, it is common for IPv6 network operators to filter all packets where either the source or destination address appears to be a "compat" or "mapped" address. Filtering suggestions usually recommend discarding any packets with source or destination addresses in the invalid range ::/3, which includes both of these bizarre address formats. For more information on "bogons", including lists of IPv6 bogon space, see: 


Author:Erik Kline
Since:5.0
/**
 * Static utility methods pertaining to {@link InetAddress} instances.
 *
 * <p><b>Important note:</b> Unlike {@code InetAddress.getByName()}, the methods of this class never
 * cause DNS services to be accessed. For this reason, you should prefer these methods as much as
 * possible over their JDK equivalents whenever you are expecting to handle only IP address string
 * literals -- there is no blocking DNS penalty for a malformed string.
 *
 * <p>When dealing with {@link Inet4Address} and {@link Inet6Address} objects as byte arrays (vis.
 * {@code InetAddress.getAddress()}) they are 4 and 16 bytes in length, respectively, and represent
 * the address in network byte order.
 *
 * <p>Examples of IP addresses and their byte representations:
 *
 * <dl>
 *   <dt>The IPv4 loopback address, {@code "127.0.0.1"}.
 *   <dd>{@code 7f 00 00 01}
 *   <dt>The IPv6 loopback address, {@code "::1"}.
 *   <dd>{@code 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01}
 *   <dt>From the IPv6 reserved documentation prefix ({@code 2001:db8::/32}), {@code "2001:db8::1"}.
 *   <dd>{@code 20 01 0d b8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01}
 *   <dt>An IPv6 "IPv4 compatible" (or "compat") address, {@code "::192.168.0.1"}.
 *   <dd>{@code 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c0 a8 00 01}
 *   <dt>An IPv6 "IPv4 mapped" address, {@code "::ffff:192.168.0.1"}.
 *   <dd>{@code 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff c0 a8 00 01}
 * </dl>
 *
 * <p>A few notes about IPv6 "IPv4 mapped" addresses and their observed use in Java.
 *
 * <p>"IPv4 mapped" addresses were originally a representation of IPv4 addresses for use on an IPv6
 * socket that could receive both IPv4 and IPv6 connections (by disabling the {@code IPV6_V6ONLY}
 * socket option on an IPv6 socket). Yes, it's confusing. Nevertheless, these "mapped" addresses
 * were never supposed to be seen on the wire. That assumption was dropped, some say mistakenly, in
 * later RFCs with the apparent aim of making IPv4-to-IPv6 transition simpler.
 *
 * <p>Technically one <i>can</i> create a 128bit IPv6 address with the wire format of a "mapped"
 * address, as shown above, and transmit it in an IPv6 packet header. However, Java's InetAddress
 * creation methods appear to adhere doggedly to the original intent of the "mapped" address: all
 * "mapped" addresses return {@link Inet4Address} objects.
 *
 * <p>For added safety, it is common for IPv6 network operators to filter all packets where either
 * the source or destination address appears to be a "compat" or "mapped" address. Filtering
 * suggestions usually recommend discarding any packets with source or destination addresses in the
 * invalid range {@code ::/3}, which includes both of these bizarre address formats. For more
 * information on "bogons", including lists of IPv6 bogon space, see:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li><a target="_parent"
 *       href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogon_filtering">http://en.wikipedia.
 *       org/wiki/Bogon_filtering</a>
 *   <li><a target="_parent"
 *       href="http://www.cymru.com/Bogons/ipv6.txt">http://www.cymru.com/Bogons/ ipv6.txt</a>
 *   <li><a target="_parent" href="http://www.cymru.com/Bogons/v6bogon.html">http://www.cymru.com/
 *       Bogons/v6bogon.html</a>
 *   <li><a target="_parent" href="http://www.space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html">http://www.
 *       space.net/~gert/RIPE/ipv6-filters.html</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Erik Kline
 * @since 5.0
 */
@Beta
@GwtIncompatible
public final class InetAddresses {
  private static final int IPV4_PART_COUNT = 4;
  private static final int IPV6_PART_COUNT = 8;
  private static final Splitter IPV4_SPLITTER = Splitter.on('.').limit(IPV4_PART_COUNT);
  private static final Splitter IPV6_SPLITTER = Splitter.on(':').limit(IPV6_PART_COUNT + 2);
  private static final Inet4Address LOOPBACK4 = (Inet4Address) forString("127.0.0.1");
  private static final Inet4Address ANY4 = (Inet4Address) forString("0.0.0.0");

  private InetAddresses() {}

  
Returns an Inet4Address, given a byte array representation of the IPv4 address. 
Params:
  • bytes – byte array representing an IPv4 address (should be of length 4)
Throws:
Returns:Inet4Address corresponding to the supplied byte array
/**
   * Returns an {@link Inet4Address}, given a byte array representation of the IPv4 address.
   *
   * @param bytes byte array representing an IPv4 address (should be of length 4)
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} corresponding to the supplied byte array
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a valid {@link Inet4Address} can not be created
   */
  private static Inet4Address getInet4Address(byte[] bytes) {
    checkArgument(
        bytes.length == 4,
        "Byte array has invalid length for an IPv4 address: %s != 4.",
        bytes.length);

    // Given a 4-byte array, this cast should always succeed.
    return (Inet4Address) bytesToInetAddress(bytes);
  }

  
Returns the InetAddress having the given string representation. 
This deliberately avoids all nameservice lookups (e.g. no DNS).

Params:
  • ipString – String containing an IPv4 or IPv6 string literal, e.g. 
    "192.168.0.1" or "2001:db8::1"
Throws:
Returns:InetAddress representing the argument
/**
   * Returns the {@link InetAddress} having the given string representation.
   *
   * <p>This deliberately avoids all nameservice lookups (e.g. no DNS).
   *
   * @param ipString {@code String} containing an IPv4 or IPv6 string literal, e.g. {@code
   *     "192.168.0.1"} or {@code "2001:db8::1"}
   * @return {@link InetAddress} representing the argument
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not a valid IP string literal
   */
  public static InetAddress forString(String ipString) {
    byte[] addr = ipStringToBytes(ipString);

    // The argument was malformed, i.e. not an IP string literal.
    if (addr == null) {
      throw formatIllegalArgumentException("'%s' is not an IP string literal.", ipString);
    }

    return bytesToInetAddress(addr);
  }

  
Returns true if the supplied string is a valid IP string literal, false otherwise. 
Params:
  • ipString – String to evaluated as an IP string literal
Returns:true if the argument is a valid IP string literal
/**
   * Returns {@code true} if the supplied string is a valid IP string literal, {@code false}
   * otherwise.
   *
   * @param ipString {@code String} to evaluated as an IP string literal
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a valid IP string literal
   */
  public static boolean isInetAddress(String ipString) {
    return ipStringToBytes(ipString) != null;
  }

  private static byte @Nullable [] ipStringToBytes(String ipString) {
    // Make a first pass to categorize the characters in this string.
    boolean hasColon = false;
    boolean hasDot = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < ipString.length(); i++) {
      char c = ipString.charAt(i);
      if (c == '.') {
        hasDot = true;
      } else if (c == ':') {
        if (hasDot) {
          return null; // Colons must not appear after dots.
        }
        hasColon = true;
      } else if (Character.digit(c, 16) == -1) {
        return null; // Everything else must be a decimal or hex digit.
      }
    }

    // Now decide which address family to parse.
    if (hasColon) {
      if (hasDot) {
        ipString = convertDottedQuadToHex(ipString);
        if (ipString == null) {
          return null;
        }
      }
      return textToNumericFormatV6(ipString);
    } else if (hasDot) {
      return textToNumericFormatV4(ipString);
    }
    return null;
  }

  private static byte @Nullable [] textToNumericFormatV4(String ipString) {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[IPV4_PART_COUNT];
    int i = 0;
    try {
      for (String octet : IPV4_SPLITTER.split(ipString)) {
        bytes[i++] = parseOctet(octet);
      }
    } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
      return null;
    }

    return i == IPV4_PART_COUNT ? bytes : null;
  }

  private static byte @Nullable [] textToNumericFormatV6(String ipString) {
    // An address can have [2..8] colons, and N colons make N+1 parts.
    List<String> parts = IPV6_SPLITTER.splitToList(ipString);
    if (parts.size() < 3 || parts.size() > IPV6_PART_COUNT + 1) {
      return null;
    }

    // Disregarding the endpoints, find "::" with nothing in between.
    // This indicates that a run of zeroes has been skipped.
    int skipIndex = -1;
    for (int i = 1; i < parts.size() - 1; i++) {
      if (parts.get(i).length() == 0) {
        if (skipIndex >= 0) {
          return null; // Can't have more than one ::
        }
        skipIndex = i;
      }
    }

    int partsHi; // Number of parts to copy from above/before the "::"
    int partsLo; // Number of parts to copy from below/after the "::"
    if (skipIndex >= 0) {
      // If we found a "::", then check if it also covers the endpoints.
      partsHi = skipIndex;
      partsLo = parts.size() - skipIndex - 1;
      if (parts.get(0).length() == 0 && --partsHi != 0) {
        return null; // ^: requires ^::
      }
       if (Iterables.getLast(parts).length() == 0 && --partsLo != 0) {
        return null; // :$ requires ::$
      }
    } else {
      // Otherwise, allocate the entire address to partsHi. The endpoints
      // could still be empty, but parseHextet() will check for that.
      partsHi = parts.size();
      partsLo = 0;
    }

    // If we found a ::, then we must have skipped at least one part.
    // Otherwise, we must have exactly the right number of parts.
    int partsSkipped = IPV6_PART_COUNT - (partsHi + partsLo);
    if (!(skipIndex >= 0 ? partsSkipped >= 1 : partsSkipped == 0)) {
      return null;
    }

    // Now parse the hextets into a byte array.
    ByteBuffer rawBytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(2 * IPV6_PART_COUNT);
    try {
      for (int i = 0; i < partsHi; i++) {
        rawBytes.putShort(parseHextet(parts.get(i)));
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < partsSkipped; i++) {
        rawBytes.putShort((short) 0);
      }
      for (int i = partsLo; i > 0; i--) {
        rawBytes.putShort(parseHextet(parts.get(parts.size() - i)));
      }
    } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
      return null;
    }
    return rawBytes.array();
  }

  private static @Nullable String convertDottedQuadToHex(String ipString) {
    int lastColon = ipString.lastIndexOf(':');
    String initialPart = ipString.substring(0, lastColon + 1);
    String dottedQuad = ipString.substring(lastColon + 1);
    byte[] quad = textToNumericFormatV4(dottedQuad);
    if (quad == null) {
      return null;
    }
    String penultimate = Integer.toHexString(((quad[0] & 0xff) << 8) | (quad[1] & 0xff));
    String ultimate = Integer.toHexString(((quad[2] & 0xff) << 8) | (quad[3] & 0xff));
    return initialPart + penultimate + ":" + ultimate;
  }

  private static byte parseOctet(String ipPart) {
    // Note: we already verified that this string contains only hex digits.
    int octet = Integer.parseInt(ipPart);
    // Disallow leading zeroes, because no clear standard exists on
    // whether these should be interpreted as decimal or octal.
    if (octet > 255 || (ipPart.startsWith("0") && ipPart.length() > 1)) {
      throw new NumberFormatException();
    }
    return (byte) octet;
  }

  private static short parseHextet(String ipPart) {
    // Note: we already verified that this string contains only hex digits.
    int hextet = Integer.parseInt(ipPart, 16);
    if (hextet > 0xffff) {
      throw new NumberFormatException();
    }
    return (short) hextet;
  }

  
Convert a byte array into an InetAddress.

InetAddress.getByAddress is documented as throwing a checked exception "if IP address is of illegal length." We replace it with an unchecked exception, for use by callers who already know that addr is an array of length 4 or 16. 
Params:
  • addr – the raw 4-byte or 16-byte IP address in big-endian order
Returns:an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address
/**
   * Convert a byte array into an InetAddress.
   *
   * <p>{@link InetAddress#getByAddress} is documented as throwing a checked exception "if IP
   * address is of illegal length." We replace it with an unchecked exception, for use by callers
   * who already know that addr is an array of length 4 or 16.
   *
   * @param addr the raw 4-byte or 16-byte IP address in big-endian order
   * @return an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address
   */
  private static InetAddress bytesToInetAddress(byte[] addr) {
    try {
      return InetAddress.getByAddress(addr);
    } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
      throw new AssertionError(e);
    }
  }

  
Returns the string representation of an InetAddress. 
For IPv4 addresses, this is identical to InetAddress.getHostAddress(), but for IPv6 addresses, the output follows RFC 5952 section
4. The main difference is that this method uses "::" for zero compression, while Java's version
uses the uncompressed form.

This method uses hexadecimal for all IPv6 addresses, including IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
such as "::c000:201". The output does not include a Scope ID.

Params:
  • ip – InetAddress to be converted to an address string
Returns:String containing the text-formatted IP address
Since:10.0
/**
   * Returns the string representation of an {@link InetAddress}.
   *
   * <p>For IPv4 addresses, this is identical to {@link InetAddress#getHostAddress()}, but for IPv6
   * addresses, the output follows <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5952">RFC 5952</a> section
   * 4. The main difference is that this method uses "::" for zero compression, while Java's version
   * uses the uncompressed form.
   *
   * <p>This method uses hexadecimal for all IPv6 addresses, including IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
   * such as "::c000:201". The output does not include a Scope ID.
   *
   * @param ip {@link InetAddress} to be converted to an address string
   * @return {@code String} containing the text-formatted IP address
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static String toAddrString(InetAddress ip) {
    checkNotNull(ip);
    if (ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
      // For IPv4, Java's formatting is good enough.
      return ip.getHostAddress();
    }
    checkArgument(ip instanceof Inet6Address);
    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    int[] hextets = new int[IPV6_PART_COUNT];
    for (int i = 0; i < hextets.length; i++) {
      hextets[i] = Ints.fromBytes((byte) 0, (byte) 0, bytes[2 * i], bytes[2 * i + 1]);
    }
    compressLongestRunOfZeroes(hextets);
    return hextetsToIPv6String(hextets);
  }

  
Identify and mark the longest run of zeroes in an IPv6 address.

Only runs of two or more hextets are considered. In case of a tie, the leftmost run wins. If
a qualifying run is found, its hextets are replaced by the sentinel value -1.

Params:
  • hextets – int[] mutable array of eight 16-bit hextets
/**
   * Identify and mark the longest run of zeroes in an IPv6 address.
   *
   * <p>Only runs of two or more hextets are considered. In case of a tie, the leftmost run wins. If
   * a qualifying run is found, its hextets are replaced by the sentinel value -1.
   *
   * @param hextets {@code int[]} mutable array of eight 16-bit hextets
   */
  private static void compressLongestRunOfZeroes(int[] hextets) {
    int bestRunStart = -1;
    int bestRunLength = -1;
    int runStart = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < hextets.length + 1; i++) {
      if (i < hextets.length && hextets[i] == 0) {
        if (runStart < 0) {
          runStart = i;
        }
      } else if (runStart >= 0) {
        int runLength = i - runStart;
        if (runLength > bestRunLength) {
          bestRunStart = runStart;
          bestRunLength = runLength;
        }
        runStart = -1;
      }
    }
    if (bestRunLength >= 2) {
      Arrays.fill(hextets, bestRunStart, bestRunStart + bestRunLength, -1);
    }
  }

  
Convert a list of hextets into a human-readable IPv6 address.

In order for "::" compression to work, the input should contain negative sentinel values in
place of the elided zeroes.

Params:
  • hextets – int[] array of eight 16-bit hextets, or -1s
/**
   * Convert a list of hextets into a human-readable IPv6 address.
   *
   * <p>In order for "::" compression to work, the input should contain negative sentinel values in
   * place of the elided zeroes.
   *
   * @param hextets {@code int[]} array of eight 16-bit hextets, or -1s
   */
  private static String hextetsToIPv6String(int[] hextets) {
    // While scanning the array, handle these state transitions:
    //   start->num => "num"     start->gap => "::"
    //   num->num   => ":num"    num->gap   => "::"
    //   gap->num   => "num"     gap->gap   => ""
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(39);
    boolean lastWasNumber = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < hextets.length; i++) {
      boolean thisIsNumber = hextets[i] >= 0;
      if (thisIsNumber) {
        if (lastWasNumber) {
          buf.append(':');
        }
        buf.append(Integer.toHexString(hextets[i]));
      } else {
        if (i == 0 || lastWasNumber) {
          buf.append("::");
        }
      }
      lastWasNumber = thisIsNumber;
    }
    return buf.toString();
  }

  
Returns the string representation of an InetAddress suitable for inclusion in a URI. 
For IPv4 addresses, this is identical to InetAddress.getHostAddress(), but for IPv6 addresses it compresses zeroes and surrounds the text with square brackets; for example 
"[2001:db8::1]". 
Per section 3.2.2 of RFC 3986, a URI containing an IPv6 string literal is of the form "http://[2001:db8::1]:8888/index.html". 
Use of either toAddrString, InetAddress.getHostAddress(), or this method is recommended over InetAddress.toString() when an IP address string literal is desired. This is because InetAddress.toString() prints the hostname and the IP address string joined by a "/". 
Params:
  • ip – InetAddress to be converted to URI string literal
Returns:String containing URI-safe string literal
/**
   * Returns the string representation of an {@link InetAddress} suitable for inclusion in a URI.
   *
   * <p>For IPv4 addresses, this is identical to {@link InetAddress#getHostAddress()}, but for IPv6
   * addresses it compresses zeroes and surrounds the text with square brackets; for example {@code
   * "[2001:db8::1]"}.
   *
   * <p>Per section 3.2.2 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2">RFC 3986</a>, a URI containing an IPv6
   * string literal is of the form {@code "http://[2001:db8::1]:8888/index.html"}.
   *
   * <p>Use of either {@link InetAddresses#toAddrString}, {@link InetAddress#getHostAddress()}, or
   * this method is recommended over {@link InetAddress#toString()} when an IP address string
   * literal is desired. This is because {@link InetAddress#toString()} prints the hostname and the
   * IP address string joined by a "/".
   *
   * @param ip {@link InetAddress} to be converted to URI string literal
   * @return {@code String} containing URI-safe string literal
   */
  public static String toUriString(InetAddress ip) {
    if (ip instanceof Inet6Address) {
      return "[" + toAddrString(ip) + "]";
    }
    return toAddrString(ip);
  }

  
Returns an InetAddress representing the literal IPv4 or IPv6 host portion of a URL, encoded in
the format specified by RFC 3986 section 3.2.2.

This function is similar to forString(String), however, it requires that IPv6 addresses are surrounded by square brackets. 
This function is the inverse of toUriString(InetAddress). 
Params:
  • hostAddr – A RFC 3986 section 3.2.2 encoded IPv4 or IPv6 address
Throws:
Returns:an InetAddress representing the address in hostAddr
/**
   * Returns an InetAddress representing the literal IPv4 or IPv6 host portion of a URL, encoded in
   * the format specified by RFC 3986 section 3.2.2.
   *
   * <p>This function is similar to {@link InetAddresses#forString(String)}, however, it requires
   * that IPv6 addresses are surrounded by square brackets.
   *
   * <p>This function is the inverse of {@link InetAddresses#toUriString(java.net.InetAddress)}.
   *
   * @param hostAddr A RFC 3986 section 3.2.2 encoded IPv4 or IPv6 address
   * @return an InetAddress representing the address in {@code hostAddr}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code hostAddr} is not a valid IPv4 address, or IPv6
   *     address surrounded by square brackets
   */
  public static InetAddress forUriString(String hostAddr) {
    InetAddress addr = forUriStringNoThrow(hostAddr);
    if (addr == null) {
      throw formatIllegalArgumentException("Not a valid URI IP literal: '%s'", hostAddr);
    }

    return addr;
  }

  private static @Nullable InetAddress forUriStringNoThrow(String hostAddr) {
    checkNotNull(hostAddr);

    // Decide if this should be an IPv6 or IPv4 address.
    String ipString;
    int expectBytes;
    if (hostAddr.startsWith("[") && hostAddr.endsWith("]")) {
      ipString = hostAddr.substring(1, hostAddr.length() - 1);
      expectBytes = 16;
    } else {
      ipString = hostAddr;
      expectBytes = 4;
    }

    // Parse the address, and make sure the length/version is correct.
    byte[] addr = ipStringToBytes(ipString);
    if (addr == null || addr.length != expectBytes) {
      return null;
    }

    return bytesToInetAddress(addr);
  }

  
Returns true if the supplied string is a valid URI IP string literal, false otherwise. 
Params:
  • ipString – String to evaluated as an IP URI host string literal
Returns:true if the argument is a valid IP URI host
/**
   * Returns {@code true} if the supplied string is a valid URI IP string literal, {@code false}
   * otherwise.
   *
   * @param ipString {@code String} to evaluated as an IP URI host string literal
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a valid IP URI host
   */
  public static boolean isUriInetAddress(String ipString) {
    return forUriStringNoThrow(ipString) != null;
  }

  
Evaluates whether the argument is an IPv6 "compat" address.

An "IPv4 compatible", or "compat", address is one with 96 leading bits of zero, with the remaining 32 bits interpreted as an IPv4 address. These are conventionally represented in string literals as "::192.168.0.1", though "::c0a8:1" is also considered an IPv4 compatible address (and equivalent to "::192.168.0.1"). 
For more on IPv4 compatible addresses see section 2.5.5.1 of RFC 4291.

NOTE: This method is different from Inet6Address.isIPv4CompatibleAddress in that it more correctly classifies "::" and "::1" as proper IPv6 addresses (which they are), NOT IPv4 compatible addresses (which they are generally NOT considered to be). 
Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded IPv4 compatible address format
Returns:true if the argument is a valid "compat" address
/**
   * Evaluates whether the argument is an IPv6 "compat" address.
   *
   * <p>An "IPv4 compatible", or "compat", address is one with 96 leading bits of zero, with the
   * remaining 32 bits interpreted as an IPv4 address. These are conventionally represented in
   * string literals as {@code "::192.168.0.1"}, though {@code "::c0a8:1"} is also considered an
   * IPv4 compatible address (and equivalent to {@code "::192.168.0.1"}).
   *
   * <p>For more on IPv4 compatible addresses see section 2.5.5.1 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.1">RFC 4291</a>.
   *
   * <p>NOTE: This method is different from {@link Inet6Address#isIPv4CompatibleAddress} in that it
   * more correctly classifies {@code "::"} and {@code "::1"} as proper IPv6 addresses (which they
   * are), NOT IPv4 compatible addresses (which they are generally NOT considered to be).
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded IPv4 compatible address format
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a valid "compat" address
   */
  public static boolean isCompatIPv4Address(Inet6Address ip) {
    if (!ip.isIPv4CompatibleAddress()) {
      return false;
    }

    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    if ((bytes[12] == 0)
        && (bytes[13] == 0)
        && (bytes[14] == 0)
        && ((bytes[15] == 0) || (bytes[15] == 1))) {
      return false;
    }

    return true;
  }

  
Returns the IPv4 address embedded in an IPv4 compatible address.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for an embedded IPv4 address
Throws:
Returns:Inet4Address of the embedded IPv4 address
/**
   * Returns the IPv4 address embedded in an IPv4 compatible address.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for an embedded IPv4 address
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} of the embedded IPv4 address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not a valid IPv4 compatible address
   */
  public static Inet4Address getCompatIPv4Address(Inet6Address ip) {
    checkArgument(
        isCompatIPv4Address(ip), "Address '%s' is not IPv4-compatible.", toAddrString(ip));

    return getInet4Address(Arrays.copyOfRange(ip.getAddress(), 12, 16));
  }

  
Evaluates whether the argument is a 6to4 address.

6to4 addresses begin with the "2002::/16" prefix. The next 32 bits are the IPv4 address of the host to which IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneled packets should be routed. 
For more on 6to4 addresses see section 2 of RFC 3056.

Params:
Returns:true if the argument is a 6to4 address
/**
   * Evaluates whether the argument is a 6to4 address.
   *
   * <p>6to4 addresses begin with the {@code "2002::/16"} prefix. The next 32 bits are the IPv4
   * address of the host to which IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneled packets should be routed.
   *
   * <p>For more on 6to4 addresses see section 2 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3056#section-2">RFC 3056</a>.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for 6to4 address format
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a 6to4 address
   */
  public static boolean is6to4Address(Inet6Address ip) {
    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    return (bytes[0] == (byte) 0x20) && (bytes[1] == (byte) 0x02);
  }

  
Returns the IPv4 address embedded in a 6to4 address.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded IPv4 in 6to4 address
Throws:
Returns:Inet4Address of embedded IPv4 in 6to4 address
/**
   * Returns the IPv4 address embedded in a 6to4 address.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded IPv4 in 6to4 address
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} of embedded IPv4 in 6to4 address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not a valid IPv6 6to4 address
   */
  public static Inet4Address get6to4IPv4Address(Inet6Address ip) {
    checkArgument(is6to4Address(ip), "Address '%s' is not a 6to4 address.", toAddrString(ip));

    return getInet4Address(Arrays.copyOfRange(ip.getAddress(), 2, 6));
  }

  
A simple immutable data class to encapsulate the information to be found in a Teredo address.

All of the fields in this class are encoded in various portions of the IPv6 address as part
of the protocol. More protocols details can be found at: http://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Teredo_tunneling.

The RFC can be found here: RFC
4380.

Since:5.0
/**
   * A simple immutable data class to encapsulate the information to be found in a Teredo address.
   *
   * <p>All of the fields in this class are encoded in various portions of the IPv6 address as part
   * of the protocol. More protocols details can be found at: <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teredo_tunneling">http://en.wikipedia.
   * org/wiki/Teredo_tunneling</a>.
   *
   * <p>The RFC can be found here: <a target="_parent" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4380">RFC
   * 4380</a>.
   *
   * @since 5.0
   */
  @Beta
  public static final class TeredoInfo {
    private final Inet4Address server;
    private final Inet4Address client;
    private final int port;
    private final int flags;

    
Constructs a TeredoInfo instance.

Both server and client can be null, in which case the value "0.0.0.0" will be assumed. 
Throws:
/**
     * Constructs a TeredoInfo instance.
     *
     * <p>Both server and client can be {@code null}, in which case the value {@code "0.0.0.0"} will
     * be assumed.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either of the {@code port} or the {@code flags} arguments
     *     are out of range of an unsigned short
     */
    // TODO: why is this public?
    public TeredoInfo(
        @Nullable Inet4Address server, @Nullable Inet4Address client, int port, int flags) {
      checkArgument(
          (port >= 0) && (port <= 0xffff), "port '%s' is out of range (0 <= port <= 0xffff)", port);
      checkArgument(
          (flags >= 0) && (flags <= 0xffff),
          "flags '%s' is out of range (0 <= flags <= 0xffff)",
          flags);

      this.server = MoreObjects.firstNonNull(server, ANY4);
      this.client = MoreObjects.firstNonNull(client, ANY4);
      this.port = port;
      this.flags = flags;
    }

    public Inet4Address getServer() {
      return server;
    }

    public Inet4Address getClient() {
      return client;
    }

    public int getPort() {
      return port;
    }

    public int getFlags() {
      return flags;
    }
  }

  
Evaluates whether the argument is a Teredo address.

Teredo addresses begin with the "2001::/32" prefix. 
Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for Teredo address format
Returns:true if the argument is a Teredo address
/**
   * Evaluates whether the argument is a Teredo address.
   *
   * <p>Teredo addresses begin with the {@code "2001::/32"} prefix.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for Teredo address format
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a Teredo address
   */
  public static boolean isTeredoAddress(Inet6Address ip) {
    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    return (bytes[0] == (byte) 0x20)
        && (bytes[1] == (byte) 0x01)
        && (bytes[2] == 0)
        && (bytes[3] == 0);
  }

  
Returns the Teredo information embedded in a Teredo address.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded Teredo information
Throws:
Returns:extracted TeredoInfo
/**
   * Returns the Teredo information embedded in a Teredo address.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded Teredo information
   * @return extracted {@code TeredoInfo}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not a valid IPv6 Teredo address
   */
  public static TeredoInfo getTeredoInfo(Inet6Address ip) {
    checkArgument(isTeredoAddress(ip), "Address '%s' is not a Teredo address.", toAddrString(ip));

    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    Inet4Address server = getInet4Address(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 4, 8));

    int flags = ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes, 8).readShort() & 0xffff;

    // Teredo obfuscates the mapped client port, per section 4 of the RFC.
    int port = ~ByteStreams.newDataInput(bytes, 10).readShort() & 0xffff;

    byte[] clientBytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 12, 16);
    for (int i = 0; i < clientBytes.length; i++) {
      // Teredo obfuscates the mapped client IP, per section 4 of the RFC.
      clientBytes[i] = (byte) ~clientBytes[i];
    }
    Inet4Address client = getInet4Address(clientBytes);

    return new TeredoInfo(server, client, port, flags);
  }

  
Evaluates whether the argument is an ISATAP address.

From RFC 5214: "ISATAP interface identifiers are constructed in Modified EUI-64 format [...]
by concatenating the 24-bit IANA OUI (00-00-5E), the 8-bit hexadecimal value 0xFE, and a 32-bit
IPv4 address in network byte order [...]"

For more on ISATAP addresses see section 6.1 of RFC 5214.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for ISATAP address format
Returns:true if the argument is an ISATAP address
/**
   * Evaluates whether the argument is an ISATAP address.
   *
   * <p>From RFC 5214: "ISATAP interface identifiers are constructed in Modified EUI-64 format [...]
   * by concatenating the 24-bit IANA OUI (00-00-5E), the 8-bit hexadecimal value 0xFE, and a 32-bit
   * IPv4 address in network byte order [...]"
   *
   * <p>For more on ISATAP addresses see section 6.1 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5214#section-6.1">RFC 5214</a>.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for ISATAP address format
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is an ISATAP address
   */
  public static boolean isIsatapAddress(Inet6Address ip) {

    // If it's a Teredo address with the right port (41217, or 0xa101)
    // which would be encoded as 0x5efe then it can't be an ISATAP address.
    if (isTeredoAddress(ip)) {
      return false;
    }

    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();

    if ((bytes[8] | (byte) 0x03) != (byte) 0x03) {

      // Verify that high byte of the 64 bit identifier is zero, modulo
      // the U/L and G bits, with which we are not concerned.
      return false;
    }

    return (bytes[9] == (byte) 0x00) && (bytes[10] == (byte) 0x5e) && (bytes[11] == (byte) 0xfe);
  }

  
Returns the IPv4 address embedded in an ISATAP address.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded IPv4 in ISATAP address
Throws:
Returns:Inet4Address of embedded IPv4 in an ISATAP address
/**
   * Returns the IPv4 address embedded in an ISATAP address.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded IPv4 in ISATAP address
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} of embedded IPv4 in an ISATAP address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not a valid IPv6 ISATAP address
   */
  public static Inet4Address getIsatapIPv4Address(Inet6Address ip) {
    checkArgument(isIsatapAddress(ip), "Address '%s' is not an ISATAP address.", toAddrString(ip));

    return getInet4Address(Arrays.copyOfRange(ip.getAddress(), 12, 16));
  }

  
Examines the Inet6Address to determine if it is an IPv6 address of one of the specified address
types that contain an embedded IPv4 address.

NOTE: ISATAP addresses are explicitly excluded from this method due to their trivial
spoofability. With other transition addresses spoofing involves (at least) infection of one's
BGP routing table.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded IPv4 client address
Returns:true if there is an embedded IPv4 client address
Since:7.0
/**
   * Examines the Inet6Address to determine if it is an IPv6 address of one of the specified address
   * types that contain an embedded IPv4 address.
   *
   * <p>NOTE: ISATAP addresses are explicitly excluded from this method due to their trivial
   * spoofability. With other transition addresses spoofing involves (at least) infection of one's
   * BGP routing table.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded IPv4 client address
   * @return {@code true} if there is an embedded IPv4 client address
   * @since 7.0
   */
  public static boolean hasEmbeddedIPv4ClientAddress(Inet6Address ip) {
    return isCompatIPv4Address(ip) || is6to4Address(ip) || isTeredoAddress(ip);
  }

  
Examines the Inet6Address to extract the embedded IPv4 client address if the InetAddress is an
IPv6 address of one of the specified address types that contain an embedded IPv4 address.

NOTE: ISATAP addresses are explicitly excluded from this method due to their trivial
spoofability. With other transition addresses spoofing involves (at least) infection of one's
BGP routing table.

Params:
  • ip – Inet6Address to be examined for embedded IPv4 client address
Throws:
Returns:Inet4Address of embedded IPv4 client address
/**
   * Examines the Inet6Address to extract the embedded IPv4 client address if the InetAddress is an
   * IPv6 address of one of the specified address types that contain an embedded IPv4 address.
   *
   * <p>NOTE: ISATAP addresses are explicitly excluded from this method due to their trivial
   * spoofability. With other transition addresses spoofing involves (at least) infection of one's
   * BGP routing table.
   *
   * @param ip {@link Inet6Address} to be examined for embedded IPv4 client address
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} of embedded IPv4 client address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument does not have a valid embedded IPv4 address
   */
  public static Inet4Address getEmbeddedIPv4ClientAddress(Inet6Address ip) {
    if (isCompatIPv4Address(ip)) {
      return getCompatIPv4Address(ip);
    }

    if (is6to4Address(ip)) {
      return get6to4IPv4Address(ip);
    }

    if (isTeredoAddress(ip)) {
      return getTeredoInfo(ip).getClient();
    }

    throw formatIllegalArgumentException("'%s' has no embedded IPv4 address.", toAddrString(ip));
  }

  
Evaluates whether the argument is an "IPv4 mapped" IPv6 address.

An "IPv4 mapped" address is anything in the range ::ffff:0:0/96 (sometimes written as
::ffff:0.0.0.0/96), with the last 32 bits interpreted as an IPv4 address.

For more on IPv4 mapped addresses see section 2.5.5.2 of RFC 4291.

Note: This method takes a String argument because InetAddress automatically collapses mapped addresses to IPv4. (It is actually possible to avoid this using one of the obscure Inet6Address methods, but it would be unwise to depend on such a poorly-documented feature.) 
Params:
  • ipString – String to be examined for embedded IPv4-mapped IPv6 address format
Returns:true if the argument is a valid "mapped" address
Since:10.0
/**
   * Evaluates whether the argument is an "IPv4 mapped" IPv6 address.
   *
   * <p>An "IPv4 mapped" address is anything in the range ::ffff:0:0/96 (sometimes written as
   * ::ffff:0.0.0.0/96), with the last 32 bits interpreted as an IPv4 address.
   *
   * <p>For more on IPv4 mapped addresses see section 2.5.5.2 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.5.2">RFC 4291</a>.
   *
   * <p>Note: This method takes a {@code String} argument because {@link InetAddress} automatically
   * collapses mapped addresses to IPv4. (It is actually possible to avoid this using one of the
   * obscure {@link Inet6Address} methods, but it would be unwise to depend on such a
   * poorly-documented feature.)
   *
   * @param ipString {@code String} to be examined for embedded IPv4-mapped IPv6 address format
   * @return {@code true} if the argument is a valid "mapped" address
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static boolean isMappedIPv4Address(String ipString) {
    byte[] bytes = ipStringToBytes(ipString);
    if (bytes != null && bytes.length == 16) {
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        if (bytes[i] != 0) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      for (int i = 10; i < 12; i++) {
        if (bytes[i] != (byte) 0xff) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  
Coerces an IPv6 address into an IPv4 address.

HACK: As long as applications continue to use IPv4 addresses for indexing into tables,
accounting, et cetera, it may be necessary to coerce IPv6 addresses into IPv4 addresses. This function does so by hashing the upper 64 bits into 224.0.0.0/3 (64 bits into 29 bits). 
A "coerced" IPv4 address is equivalent to itself.

NOTE: This function is failsafe for security purposes: ALL IPv6 addresses (except localhost
(::1)) are hashed to avoid the security risk associated with extracting an embedded IPv4
address that might permit elevated privileges.

Params:
Returns:Inet4Address represented "coerced" address
Since:7.0
/**
   * Coerces an IPv6 address into an IPv4 address.
   *
   * <p>HACK: As long as applications continue to use IPv4 addresses for indexing into tables,
   * accounting, et cetera, it may be necessary to <b>coerce</b> IPv6 addresses into IPv4 addresses.
   * This function does so by hashing the upper 64 bits into {@code 224.0.0.0/3} (64 bits into 29
   * bits).
   *
   * <p>A "coerced" IPv4 address is equivalent to itself.
   *
   * <p>NOTE: This function is failsafe for security purposes: ALL IPv6 addresses (except localhost
   * (::1)) are hashed to avoid the security risk associated with extracting an embedded IPv4
   * address that might permit elevated privileges.
   *
   * @param ip {@link InetAddress} to "coerce"
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} represented "coerced" address
   * @since 7.0
   */
  public static Inet4Address getCoercedIPv4Address(InetAddress ip) {
    if (ip instanceof Inet4Address) {
      return (Inet4Address) ip;
    }

    // Special cases:
    byte[] bytes = ip.getAddress();
    boolean leadingBytesOfZero = true;
    for (int i = 0; i < 15; ++i) {
      if (bytes[i] != 0) {
        leadingBytesOfZero = false;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (leadingBytesOfZero && (bytes[15] == 1)) {
      return LOOPBACK4; // ::1
    } else if (leadingBytesOfZero && (bytes[15] == 0)) {
      return ANY4; // ::0
    }

    Inet6Address ip6 = (Inet6Address) ip;
    long addressAsLong = 0;
    if (hasEmbeddedIPv4ClientAddress(ip6)) {
      addressAsLong = getEmbeddedIPv4ClientAddress(ip6).hashCode();
    } else {

      // Just extract the high 64 bits (assuming the rest is user-modifiable).
      addressAsLong = ByteBuffer.wrap(ip6.getAddress(), 0, 8).getLong();
    }

    // Many strategies for hashing are possible. This might suffice for now.
    int coercedHash = Hashing.murmur3_32().hashLong(addressAsLong).asInt();

    // Squash into 224/4 Multicast and 240/4 Reserved space (i.e. 224/3).
    coercedHash |= 0xe0000000;

    // Fixup to avoid some "illegal" values. Currently the only potential
    // illegal value is 255.255.255.255.
    if (coercedHash == 0xffffffff) {
      coercedHash = 0xfffffffe;
    }

    return getInet4Address(Ints.toByteArray(coercedHash));
  }

  
Returns an integer representing an IPv4 address regardless of whether the supplied argument is
an IPv4 address or not.

IPv6 addresses are coerced to IPv4 addresses before being converted to integers.

As long as there are applications that assume that all IP addresses are IPv4 addresses and
can therefore be converted safely to integers (for whatever purpose) this function can be used
to handle IPv6 addresses as well until the application is suitably fixed.

NOTE: an IPv6 address coerced to an IPv4 address can only be used for such purposes as rudimentary identification or indexing into a collection of real InetAddresses. They cannot be used as real addresses for the purposes of network communication. 
Params:
Returns:int, "coerced" if ip is not an IPv4 address
Since:7.0
/**
   * Returns an integer representing an IPv4 address regardless of whether the supplied argument is
   * an IPv4 address or not.
   *
   * <p>IPv6 addresses are <b>coerced</b> to IPv4 addresses before being converted to integers.
   *
   * <p>As long as there are applications that assume that all IP addresses are IPv4 addresses and
   * can therefore be converted safely to integers (for whatever purpose) this function can be used
   * to handle IPv6 addresses as well until the application is suitably fixed.
   *
   * <p>NOTE: an IPv6 address coerced to an IPv4 address can only be used for such purposes as
   * rudimentary identification or indexing into a collection of real {@link InetAddress}es. They
   * cannot be used as real addresses for the purposes of network communication.
   *
   * @param ip {@link InetAddress} to convert
   * @return {@code int}, "coerced" if ip is not an IPv4 address
   * @since 7.0
   */
  public static int coerceToInteger(InetAddress ip) {
    return ByteStreams.newDataInput(getCoercedIPv4Address(ip).getAddress()).readInt();
  }

  
Returns an Inet4Address having the integer value specified by the argument.

Params:
  • address – int, the 32bit integer address to be converted
Returns:Inet4Address equivalent of the argument
/**
   * Returns an Inet4Address having the integer value specified by the argument.
   *
   * @param address {@code int}, the 32bit integer address to be converted
   * @return {@link Inet4Address} equivalent of the argument
   */
  public static Inet4Address fromInteger(int address) {
    return getInet4Address(Ints.toByteArray(address));
  }

  
Returns an address from a little-endian ordered byte array (the opposite of what InetAddress.getByAddress expects). 
IPv4 address byte array must be 4 bytes long and IPv6 byte array must be 16 bytes long.

Params:
  • addr – the raw IP address in little-endian byte order
Throws:
Returns:an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address
/**
   * Returns an address from a <b>little-endian ordered</b> byte array (the opposite of what {@link
   * InetAddress#getByAddress} expects).
   *
   * <p>IPv4 address byte array must be 4 bytes long and IPv6 byte array must be 16 bytes long.
   *
   * @param addr the raw IP address in little-endian byte order
   * @return an InetAddress object created from the raw IP address
   * @throws UnknownHostException if IP address is of illegal length
   */
  public static InetAddress fromLittleEndianByteArray(byte[] addr) throws UnknownHostException {
    byte[] reversed = new byte[addr.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < addr.length; i++) {
      reversed[i] = addr[addr.length - i - 1];
    }
    return InetAddress.getByAddress(reversed);
  }

  
Returns a new InetAddress that is one less than the passed in address. This method works for
both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

Params:
  • address – the InetAddress to decrement
Throws:
Returns:a new InetAddress that is one less than the passed in address
Since:18.0
/**
   * Returns a new InetAddress that is one less than the passed in address. This method works for
   * both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
   *
   * @param address the InetAddress to decrement
   * @return a new InetAddress that is one less than the passed in address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if InetAddress is at the beginning of its range
   * @since 18.0
   */
  public static InetAddress decrement(InetAddress address) {
    byte[] addr = address.getAddress();
    int i = addr.length - 1;
    while (i >= 0 && addr[i] == (byte) 0x00) {
      addr[i] = (byte) 0xff;
      i--;
    }

    checkArgument(i >= 0, "Decrementing %s would wrap.", address);

    addr[i]--;
    return bytesToInetAddress(addr);
  }

  
Returns a new InetAddress that is one more than the passed in address. This method works for
both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

Params:
  • address – the InetAddress to increment
Throws:
Returns:a new InetAddress that is one more than the passed in address
Since:10.0
/**
   * Returns a new InetAddress that is one more than the passed in address. This method works for
   * both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
   *
   * @param address the InetAddress to increment
   * @return a new InetAddress that is one more than the passed in address
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if InetAddress is at the end of its range
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static InetAddress increment(InetAddress address) {
    byte[] addr = address.getAddress();
    int i = addr.length - 1;
    while (i >= 0 && addr[i] == (byte) 0xff) {
      addr[i] = 0;
      i--;
    }

    checkArgument(i >= 0, "Incrementing %s would wrap.", address);

    addr[i]++;
    return bytesToInetAddress(addr);
  }

  
Returns true if the InetAddress is either 255.255.255.255 for IPv4 or
ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff for IPv6.

Returns:true if the InetAddress is either 255.255.255.255 for IPv4 or
    ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff for IPv6
Since:10.0
/**
   * Returns true if the InetAddress is either 255.255.255.255 for IPv4 or
   * ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff for IPv6.
   *
   * @return true if the InetAddress is either 255.255.255.255 for IPv4 or
   *     ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff for IPv6
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static boolean isMaximum(InetAddress address) {
    byte[] addr = address.getAddress();
    for (int i = 0; i < addr.length; i++) {
      if (addr[i] != (byte) 0xff) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  private static IllegalArgumentException formatIllegalArgumentException(
      String format, Object... args) {
    return new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(Locale.ROOT, format, args));
  }
}