/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

Utility methods for working with Enum instances. 
Author:
Steve McKay
Since:
9.0/**
 * Utility methods for working with {@link Enum} instances.
 *
 * @author Steve McKay
 * @since 9.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
public final class Enums {

  private Enums() {}

  
Returns the Field in which enumValue is defined. For example, to get the 
Description annotation on the GOLF constant of enum Sport, use 
Enums.getField(Sport.GOLF).getAnnotation(Description.class). 
Since:
12.0/**
   * Returns the {@link Field} in which {@code enumValue} is defined. For example, to get the {@code
   * Description} annotation on the {@code GOLF} constant of enum {@code Sport}, use {@code
   * Enums.getField(Sport.GOLF).getAnnotation(Description.class)}.
   *
   * @since 12.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // reflection
  public static Field getField(Enum<?> enumValue) {
    Class<?> clazz = enumValue.getDeclaringClass();
    try {
      return clazz.getDeclaredField(enumValue.name());
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException impossible) {
      throw new AssertionError(impossible);
    }
  }

  
Returns an optional enum constant for the given type, using Enum.valueOf. If the constant does not exist, Optional.absent is returned. A common use case is for parsing user input or falling back to a default enum constant. For example, 
Enums.getIfPresent(Country.class, countryInput).or(Country.DEFAULT); 
Since:
12.0/**
   * Returns an optional enum constant for the given type, using {@link Enum#valueOf}. If the
   * constant does not exist, {@link Optional#absent} is returned. A common use case is for parsing
   * user input or falling back to a default enum constant. For example, {@code
   * Enums.getIfPresent(Country.class, countryInput).or(Country.DEFAULT);}
   *
   * @since 12.0
   */
  public static <T extends Enum<T>> Optional<T> getIfPresent(Class<T> enumClass, String value) {
    checkNotNull(enumClass);
    checkNotNull(value);
    return Platform.getEnumIfPresent(enumClass, value);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // java.lang.ref.WeakReference
  private static final Map<Class<? extends Enum<?>>, Map<String, WeakReference<? extends Enum<?>>>>
      enumConstantCache = new WeakHashMap<>();

  @GwtIncompatible // java.lang.ref.WeakReference
  private static <T extends Enum<T>> Map<String, WeakReference<? extends Enum<?>>> populateCache(
      Class<T> enumClass) {
    Map<String, WeakReference<? extends Enum<?>>> result = new HashMap<>();
    for (T enumInstance : EnumSet.allOf(enumClass)) {
      result.put(enumInstance.name(), new WeakReference<Enum<?>>(enumInstance));
    }
    enumConstantCache.put(enumClass, result);
    return result;
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // java.lang.ref.WeakReference
  static <T extends Enum<T>> Map<String, WeakReference<? extends Enum<?>>> getEnumConstants(
      Class<T> enumClass) {
    synchronized (enumConstantCache) {
      Map<String, WeakReference<? extends Enum<?>>> constants = enumConstantCache.get(enumClass);
      if (constants == null) {
        constants = populateCache(enumClass);
      }
      return constants;
    }
  }

  
Returns a converter that converts between strings and enum values of type 
enumClass using Enum.valueOf(Class<Z#0-T#11>, String) and Enum.name(). The converter will throw an IllegalArgumentException if the argument is not the name of any enum constant in the specified enum. 
Since:
16.0/**
   * Returns a converter that converts between strings and {@code enum} values of type {@code
   * enumClass} using {@link Enum#valueOf(Class, String)} and {@link Enum#name()}. The converter
   * will throw an {@code IllegalArgumentException} if the argument is not the name of any enum
   * constant in the specified enum.
   *
   * @since 16.0
   */
  public static <T extends Enum<T>> Converter<String, T> stringConverter(final Class<T> enumClass) {
    return new StringConverter<T>(enumClass);
  }

  private static final class StringConverter<T extends Enum<T>> extends Converter<String, T>
      implements Serializable {

    private final Class<T> enumClass;

    StringConverter(Class<T> enumClass) {
      this.enumClass = checkNotNull(enumClass);
    }

    @Override
    protected T doForward(String value) {
      return Enum.valueOf(enumClass, value);
    }

    @Override
    protected String doBackward(T enumValue) {
      return enumValue.name();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object object) {
      if (object instanceof StringConverter) {
        StringConverter<?> that = (StringConverter<?>) object;
        return this.enumClass.equals(that.enumClass);
      }
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      return enumClass.hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Enums.stringConverter(" + enumClass.getName() + ".class)";
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
  }
}