/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.http.converter.protobuf;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;

import com.google.protobuf.CodedOutputStream;
import com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry;
import com.google.protobuf.Message;
import com.google.protobuf.TextFormat;
import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat;
import com.googlecode.protobuf.format.FormatFactory;
import com.googlecode.protobuf.format.ProtobufFormatter;

import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.HttpOutputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.AbstractHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ConcurrentReferenceHashMap;

import static org.springframework.http.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON;
import static org.springframework.http.MediaType.APPLICATION_XML;
import static org.springframework.http.MediaType.TEXT_HTML;
import static org.springframework.http.MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN;

An HttpMessageConverter that reads and writes com.google.protobuf.Messages using Google Protocol Buffers.
To generate Message Java classes, you need to install the protoc binary. 
This converter supports by default "application/x-protobuf" and "text/plain" with the official "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java" library. Other formats can be supported with one of the following additional libraries on the classpath: 

"application/json", "application/xml", and "text/html" (write-only) with the "com.googlecode.protobuf-java-format:protobuf-java-format" third-party library 
"application/json" with the official "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util" for Protobuf 3 (see ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter for a configurable variant) 
Requires Protobuf 2.6 or higher (and Protobuf Java Format 1.4 or higher for formatting). This converter will auto-adapt to Protobuf 3 and its default protobuf-java-util JSON format if the Protobuf 2 based protobuf-java-format isn't present; however, for more explicit JSON setup on Protobuf 3, consider ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter. 
Author:
Alex Antonov, Brian Clozel, Juergen Hoeller, Sebastien Deleuze
See Also:
FormatFactory
JsonFormat
ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter
Since:
4.1/**
 * An {@code HttpMessageConverter} that reads and writes
 * {@link com.google.protobuf.Message com.google.protobuf.Messages} using
 * <a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/">Google Protocol Buffers</a>.
 *
 * <p>To generate {@code Message} Java classes, you need to install the {@code protoc} binary.
 *
 * <p>This converter supports by default {@code "application/x-protobuf"} and {@code "text/plain"}
 * with the official {@code "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java"} library. Other formats can be
 * supported with one of the following additional libraries on the classpath:
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@code "application/json"}, {@code "application/xml"}, and {@code "text/html"} (write-only)
 * with the {@code "com.googlecode.protobuf-java-format:protobuf-java-format"} third-party library
 * <li>{@code "application/json"} with the official {@code "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util"}
 * for Protobuf 3 (see {@link ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter} for a configurable variant)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Requires Protobuf 2.6 or higher (and Protobuf Java Format 1.4 or higher for formatting).
 * This converter will auto-adapt to Protobuf 3 and its default {@code protobuf-java-util} JSON
 * format if the Protobuf 2 based {@code protobuf-java-format} isn't present; however, for more
 * explicit JSON setup on Protobuf 3, consider {@link ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter}.
 *
 * @author Alex Antonov
 * @author Brian Clozel
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Sebastien Deleuze
 * @since 4.1
 * @see FormatFactory
 * @see JsonFormat
 * @see ProtobufJsonFormatHttpMessageConverter
 */
public class ProtobufHttpMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<Message> {

	
The default charset used by the converter.
/**
	 * The default charset used by the converter.
	 */
	public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

	
The media-type for protobuf application/x-protobuf. /**
	 * The media-type for protobuf {@code application/x-protobuf}.
	 */
	public static final MediaType PROTOBUF = new MediaType("application", "x-protobuf", DEFAULT_CHARSET);

	
The HTTP header containing the protobuf schema.
/**
	 * The HTTP header containing the protobuf schema.
	 */
	public static final String X_PROTOBUF_SCHEMA_HEADER = "X-Protobuf-Schema";

	
The HTTP header containing the protobuf message.
/**
	 * The HTTP header containing the protobuf message.
	 */
	public static final String X_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_HEADER = "X-Protobuf-Message";


	private static final Map<Class<?>, Method> methodCache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>();

	final ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry;

	@Nullable
	private final ProtobufFormatSupport protobufFormatSupport;


	
Construct a new ProtobufHttpMessageConverter. /**
	 * Construct a new {@code ProtobufHttpMessageConverter}.
	 */
	public ProtobufHttpMessageConverter() {
		this(null, null);
	}

	
Construct a new ProtobufHttpMessageConverter with an initializer that allows the registration of message extensions. 
Params:
registryInitializer – an initializer for message extensions
Deprecated:
as of Spring Framework 5.1, use ProtobufHttpMessageConverter(ExtensionRegistry) instead/**
	 * Construct a new {@code ProtobufHttpMessageConverter} with an
	 * initializer that allows the registration of message extensions.
	 * @param registryInitializer an initializer for message extensions
	 * @deprecated as of Spring Framework 5.1, use {@link #ProtobufHttpMessageConverter(ExtensionRegistry)} instead
	 */
	@Deprecated
	public ProtobufHttpMessageConverter(@Nullable ExtensionRegistryInitializer registryInitializer) {
		this(null, null);
		if (registryInitializer != null) {
			registryInitializer.initializeExtensionRegistry(this.extensionRegistry);
		}
	}

	
Construct a new ProtobufHttpMessageConverter with a registry that specifies protocol message extensions. 
Params:
extensionRegistry – the registry to populate/**
	 * Construct a new {@code ProtobufHttpMessageConverter} with a registry that specifies
	 * protocol message extensions.
	 * @param extensionRegistry the registry to populate
	 */
	public ProtobufHttpMessageConverter(ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry) {
		this(null, extensionRegistry);
	}

	ProtobufHttpMessageConverter(@Nullable ProtobufFormatSupport formatSupport,
			@Nullable ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry) {

		if (formatSupport != null) {
			this.protobufFormatSupport = formatSupport;
		}
		else if (ClassUtils.isPresent("com.googlecode.protobuf.format.FormatFactory", getClass().getClassLoader())) {
			this.protobufFormatSupport = new ProtobufJavaFormatSupport();
		}
		else if (ClassUtils.isPresent("com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat", getClass().getClassLoader())) {
			this.protobufFormatSupport = new ProtobufJavaUtilSupport(null, null);
		}
		else {
			this.protobufFormatSupport = null;
		}

		setSupportedMediaTypes(Arrays.asList(this.protobufFormatSupport != null ?
				this.protobufFormatSupport.supportedMediaTypes() : new MediaType[] {PROTOBUF, TEXT_PLAIN}));

		this.extensionRegistry = (extensionRegistry == null ? ExtensionRegistry.newInstance() : extensionRegistry);
	}


	@Override
	protected boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
		return Message.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
	}

	@Override
	protected MediaType getDefaultContentType(Message message) {
		return PROTOBUF;
	}

	@Override
	protected Message readInternal(Class<? extends Message> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {

		MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
		if (contentType == null) {
			contentType = PROTOBUF;
		}
		Charset charset = contentType.getCharset();
		if (charset == null) {
			charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
		}

		Message.Builder builder = getMessageBuilder(clazz);
		if (PROTOBUF.isCompatibleWith(contentType)) {
			builder.mergeFrom(inputMessage.getBody(), this.extensionRegistry);
		}
		else if (TEXT_PLAIN.isCompatibleWith(contentType)) {
			InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputMessage.getBody(), charset);
			TextFormat.merge(reader, this.extensionRegistry, builder);
		}
		else if (this.protobufFormatSupport != null) {
			this.protobufFormatSupport.merge(
					inputMessage.getBody(), charset, contentType, this.extensionRegistry, builder);
		}
		return builder.build();
	}

	
Create a new Message.Builder instance for the given class. 
This method uses a ConcurrentReferenceHashMap for caching method lookups.
/**
	 * Create a new {@code Message.Builder} instance for the given class.
	 * <p>This method uses a ConcurrentReferenceHashMap for caching method lookups.
	 */
	private Message.Builder getMessageBuilder(Class<? extends Message> clazz) {
		try {
			Method method = methodCache.get(clazz);
			if (method == null) {
				method = clazz.getMethod("newBuilder");
				methodCache.put(clazz, method);
			}
			return (Message.Builder) method.invoke(clazz);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			throw new HttpMessageConversionException(
					"Invalid Protobuf Message type: no invocable newBuilder() method on " + clazz, ex);
		}
	}


	@Override
	protected boolean canWrite(@Nullable MediaType mediaType) {
		return (super.canWrite(mediaType) ||
				(this.protobufFormatSupport != null && this.protobufFormatSupport.supportsWriteOnly(mediaType)));
	}

	@Override
	protected void writeInternal(Message message, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
			throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {

		MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
		if (contentType == null) {
			contentType = getDefaultContentType(message);
			Assert.state(contentType != null, "No content type");
		}
		Charset charset = contentType.getCharset();
		if (charset == null) {
			charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
		}

		if (PROTOBUF.isCompatibleWith(contentType)) {
			setProtoHeader(outputMessage, message);
			CodedOutputStream codedOutputStream = CodedOutputStream.newInstance(outputMessage.getBody());
			message.writeTo(codedOutputStream);
			codedOutputStream.flush();
		}
		else if (TEXT_PLAIN.isCompatibleWith(contentType)) {
			OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(outputMessage.getBody(), charset);
			TextFormat.print(message, outputStreamWriter);
			outputStreamWriter.flush();
			outputMessage.getBody().flush();
		}
		else if (this.protobufFormatSupport != null) {
			this.protobufFormatSupport.print(message, outputMessage.getBody(), contentType, charset);
			outputMessage.getBody().flush();
		}
	}

	
Set the "X-Protobuf-*" HTTP headers when responding with a message of
content type "application/x-protobuf"
Note: outputMessage.getBody() should not have been called
before because it writes HTTP headers (making them read only).
/**
	 * Set the "X-Protobuf-*" HTTP headers when responding with a message of
	 * content type "application/x-protobuf"
	 * <p><b>Note:</b> <code>outputMessage.getBody()</code> should not have been called
	 * before because it writes HTTP headers (making them read only).</p>
	 */
	private void setProtoHeader(HttpOutputMessage response, Message message) {
		response.getHeaders().set(X_PROTOBUF_SCHEMA_HEADER, message.getDescriptorForType().getFile().getName());
		response.getHeaders().set(X_PROTOBUF_MESSAGE_HEADER, message.getDescriptorForType().getFullName());
	}


	
Protobuf format support.
/**
	 * Protobuf format support.
	 */
	interface ProtobufFormatSupport {

		MediaType[] supportedMediaTypes();

		boolean supportsWriteOnly(@Nullable MediaType mediaType);

		void merge(InputStream input, Charset charset, MediaType contentType,
				ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry, Message.Builder builder)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException;

		void print(Message message, OutputStream output, MediaType contentType, Charset charset)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException;
	}


	
ProtobufFormatSupport implementation used when com.googlecode.protobuf.format.FormatFactory is available. /**
	 * {@link ProtobufFormatSupport} implementation used when
	 * {@code com.googlecode.protobuf.format.FormatFactory} is available.
	 */
	static class ProtobufJavaFormatSupport implements ProtobufFormatSupport {

		private final ProtobufFormatter jsonFormatter;

		private final ProtobufFormatter xmlFormatter;

		private final ProtobufFormatter htmlFormatter;

		public ProtobufJavaFormatSupport() {
			FormatFactory formatFactory = new FormatFactory();
			this.jsonFormatter = formatFactory.createFormatter(FormatFactory.Formatter.JSON);
			this.xmlFormatter = formatFactory.createFormatter(FormatFactory.Formatter.XML);
			this.htmlFormatter = formatFactory.createFormatter(FormatFactory.Formatter.HTML);
		}

		@Override
		public MediaType[] supportedMediaTypes() {
			return new MediaType[] {PROTOBUF, TEXT_PLAIN, APPLICATION_XML, APPLICATION_JSON};
		}

		@Override
		public boolean supportsWriteOnly(@Nullable MediaType mediaType) {
			return TEXT_HTML.isCompatibleWith(mediaType);
		}

		@Override
		public void merge(InputStream input, Charset charset, MediaType contentType,
				ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry, Message.Builder builder)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException {

			if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_JSON)) {
				this.jsonFormatter.merge(input, charset, extensionRegistry, builder);
			}
			else if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_XML)) {
				this.xmlFormatter.merge(input, charset, extensionRegistry, builder);
			}
			else {
				throw new HttpMessageConversionException(
						"protobuf-java-format does not support parsing " + contentType);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void print(Message message, OutputStream output, MediaType contentType, Charset charset)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException {

			if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_JSON)) {
				this.jsonFormatter.print(message, output, charset);
			}
			else if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_XML)) {
				this.xmlFormatter.print(message, output, charset);
			}
			else if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(TEXT_HTML)) {
				this.htmlFormatter.print(message, output, charset);
			}
			else {
				throw new HttpMessageConversionException(
						"protobuf-java-format does not support printing " + contentType);
			}
		}
	}


	
ProtobufFormatSupport implementation used when com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat is available. /**
	 * {@link ProtobufFormatSupport} implementation used when
	 * {@code com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat} is available.
	 */
	static class ProtobufJavaUtilSupport implements ProtobufFormatSupport {

		private final JsonFormat.Parser parser;

		private final JsonFormat.Printer printer;

		public ProtobufJavaUtilSupport(@Nullable JsonFormat.Parser parser, @Nullable JsonFormat.Printer printer) {
			this.parser = (parser != null ? parser : JsonFormat.parser());
			this.printer = (printer != null ? printer : JsonFormat.printer());
		}

		@Override
		public MediaType[] supportedMediaTypes() {
			return new MediaType[] {PROTOBUF, TEXT_PLAIN, APPLICATION_JSON};
		}

		@Override
		public boolean supportsWriteOnly(@Nullable MediaType mediaType) {
			return false;
		}

		@Override
		public void merge(InputStream input, Charset charset, MediaType contentType,
				ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry, Message.Builder builder)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException {

			if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_JSON)) {
				InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(input, charset);
				this.parser.merge(reader, builder);
			}
			else {
				throw new HttpMessageConversionException(
						"protobuf-java-util does not support parsing " + contentType);
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void print(Message message, OutputStream output, MediaType contentType, Charset charset)
				throws IOException, HttpMessageConversionException {

			if (contentType.isCompatibleWith(APPLICATION_JSON)) {
				OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(output, charset);
				this.printer.appendTo(message, writer);
				writer.flush();
			}
			else {
				throw new HttpMessageConversionException(
						"protobuf-java-util does not support printing " + contentType);
			}
		}
	}

}