https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework: Spring Context (Spring IO)
  • Juergen Hoeller 
/*
 * Copyright 2002-2018 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.context.support;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Properties;

import org.springframework.context.HierarchicalMessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSourceResolvable;
import org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;


Abstract implementation of the HierarchicalMessageSource interface, implementing common handling of message variants, making it easy to implement a specific strategy for a concrete MessageSource. 
Subclasses must implement the abstract resolveCode method. For efficient resolution of messages without arguments, the resolveCodeWithoutArguments method should be overridden as well, resolving messages without a MessageFormat being involved. 
Note: By default, message texts are only parsed through
MessageFormat if arguments have been passed in for the message. In case
of no arguments, message texts will be returned as-is. As a consequence,
you should only use MessageFormat escaping for messages with actual
arguments, and keep all other messages unescaped. If you prefer to
escape all messages, set the "alwaysUseMessageFormat" flag to "true".

Supports not only MessageSourceResolvables as primary messages
but also resolution of message arguments that are in turn
MessageSourceResolvables themselves.

This class does not implement caching of messages per code, thus
subclasses can dynamically change messages over time. Subclasses are
encouraged to cache their messages in a modification-aware fashion,
allowing for hot deployment of updated messages.

Author:Juergen Hoeller, Rod Johnson
See Also:
/**
 * Abstract implementation of the {@link HierarchicalMessageSource} interface,
 * implementing common handling of message variants, making it easy
 * to implement a specific strategy for a concrete MessageSource.
 *
 * <p>Subclasses must implement the abstract {@link #resolveCode}
 * method. For efficient resolution of messages without arguments, the
 * {@link #resolveCodeWithoutArguments} method should be overridden
 * as well, resolving messages without a MessageFormat being involved.
 *
 * <p><b>Note:</b> By default, message texts are only parsed through
 * MessageFormat if arguments have been passed in for the message. In case
 * of no arguments, message texts will be returned as-is. As a consequence,
 * you should only use MessageFormat escaping for messages with actual
 * arguments, and keep all other messages unescaped. If you prefer to
 * escape all messages, set the "alwaysUseMessageFormat" flag to "true".
 *
 * <p>Supports not only MessageSourceResolvables as primary messages
 * but also resolution of message arguments that are in turn
 * MessageSourceResolvables themselves.
 *
 * <p>This class does not implement caching of messages per code, thus
 * subclasses can dynamically change messages over time. Subclasses are
 * encouraged to cache their messages in a modification-aware fashion,
 * allowing for hot deployment of updated messages.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @see #resolveCode(String, java.util.Locale)
 * @see #resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String, java.util.Locale)
 * @see #setAlwaysUseMessageFormat
 * @see java.text.MessageFormat
 */
public abstract class AbstractMessageSource extends MessageSourceSupport implements HierarchicalMessageSource {

	@Nullable
	private MessageSource parentMessageSource;

	@Nullable
	private Properties commonMessages;

	private boolean useCodeAsDefaultMessage = false;


	@Override
	public void setParentMessageSource(@Nullable MessageSource parent) {
		this.parentMessageSource = parent;
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public MessageSource getParentMessageSource() {
		return this.parentMessageSource;
	}

	
Specify locale-independent common messages, with the message code as key
and the full message String (may contain argument placeholders) as value.

May also link to an externally defined Properties object, e.g. defined through a PropertiesFactoryBean. 
/**
	 * Specify locale-independent common messages, with the message code as key
	 * and the full message String (may contain argument placeholders) as value.
	 * <p>May also link to an externally defined Properties object, e.g. defined
	 * through a {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean}.
	 */
	public void setCommonMessages(@Nullable Properties commonMessages) {
		this.commonMessages = commonMessages;
	}

	
Return a Properties object defining locale-independent common messages, if any.

/**
	 * Return a Properties object defining locale-independent common messages, if any.
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected Properties getCommonMessages() {
		return this.commonMessages;
	}

	
Set whether to use the message code as default message instead of
throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
Default is "false".

Note: In case of a MessageSourceResolvable with multiple codes
(like a FieldError) and a MessageSource that has a parent MessageSource,
do not activate "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" in the parent:
Else, you'll get the first code returned as message by the parent,
without attempts to check further codes.

To be able to work with "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" turned on in the parent, AbstractMessageSource and AbstractApplicationContext contain special checks to delegate to the internal getMessageInternal method if available. In general, it is recommended to just use "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" during development and not rely on it in production in the first place, though. 
See Also:
/**
	 * Set whether to use the message code as default message instead of
	 * throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
	 * Default is "false".
	 * <p>Note: In case of a MessageSourceResolvable with multiple codes
	 * (like a FieldError) and a MessageSource that has a parent MessageSource,
	 * do <i>not</i> activate "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" in the <i>parent</i>:
	 * Else, you'll get the first code returned as message by the parent,
	 * without attempts to check further codes.
	 * <p>To be able to work with "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" turned on in the parent,
	 * AbstractMessageSource and AbstractApplicationContext contain special checks
	 * to delegate to the internal {@link #getMessageInternal} method if available.
	 * In general, it is recommended to just use "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" during
	 * development and not rely on it in production in the first place, though.
	 * @see #getMessage(String, Object[], Locale)
	 * @see org.springframework.validation.FieldError
	 */
	public void setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(boolean useCodeAsDefaultMessage) {
		this.useCodeAsDefaultMessage = useCodeAsDefaultMessage;
	}

	
Return whether to use the message code as default message instead of
throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
Default is "false".

Alternatively, consider overriding the getDefaultMessage method to return a custom fallback message for an unresolvable code. 
See Also:
/**
	 * Return whether to use the message code as default message instead of
	 * throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
	 * Default is "false".
	 * <p>Alternatively, consider overriding the {@link #getDefaultMessage}
	 * method to return a custom fallback message for an unresolvable code.
	 * @see #getDefaultMessage(String)
	 */
	protected boolean isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage() {
		return this.useCodeAsDefaultMessage;
	}


	@Override
	public final String getMessage(String code, @Nullable Object[] args, @Nullable String defaultMessage, Locale locale) {
		String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
		if (msg != null) {
			return msg;
		}
		if (defaultMessage == null) {
			return getDefaultMessage(code);
		}
		return renderDefaultMessage(defaultMessage, args, locale);
	}

	@Override
	public final String getMessage(String code, @Nullable Object[] args, Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException {
		String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
		if (msg != null) {
			return msg;
		}
		String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code);
		if (fallback != null) {
			return fallback;
		}
		throw new NoSuchMessageException(code, locale);
	}

	@Override
	public final String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException {
		String[] codes = resolvable.getCodes();
		if (codes != null) {
			for (String code : codes) {
				String message = getMessageInternal(code, resolvable.getArguments(), locale);
				if (message != null) {
					return message;
				}
			}
		}
		String defaultMessage = getDefaultMessage(resolvable, locale);
		if (defaultMessage != null) {
			return defaultMessage;
		}
		throw new NoSuchMessageException(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(codes) ? codes[codes.length - 1] : "", locale);
	}


	
Resolve the given code and arguments as message in the given Locale, returning null if not found. Does not fall back to the code as default message. Invoked by getMessage methods. 
Params:
  • code – the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
  • args – array of arguments that will be filled in for params
within the message
  • locale – the locale in which to do the lookup
See Also:
Returns:the resolved message, or null if not found
/**
	 * Resolve the given code and arguments as message in the given Locale,
	 * returning {@code null} if not found. Does <i>not</i> fall back to
	 * the code as default message. Invoked by {@code getMessage} methods.
	 * @param code the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
	 * @param args array of arguments that will be filled in for params
	 * within the message
	 * @param locale the locale in which to do the lookup
	 * @return the resolved message, or {@code null} if not found
	 * @see #getMessage(String, Object[], String, Locale)
	 * @see #getMessage(String, Object[], Locale)
	 * @see #getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable, Locale)
	 * @see #setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected String getMessageInternal(@Nullable String code, @Nullable Object[] args, @Nullable Locale locale) {
		if (code == null) {
			return null;
		}
		if (locale == null) {
			locale = Locale.getDefault();
		}
		Object[] argsToUse = args;

		if (!isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() && ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
			// Optimized resolution: no arguments to apply,
			// therefore no MessageFormat needs to be involved.
			// Note that the default implementation still uses MessageFormat;
			// this can be overridden in specific subclasses.
			String message = resolveCodeWithoutArguments(code, locale);
			if (message != null) {
				return message;
			}
		}

		else {
			// Resolve arguments eagerly, for the case where the message
			// is defined in a parent MessageSource but resolvable arguments
			// are defined in the child MessageSource.
			argsToUse = resolveArguments(args, locale);

			MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale);
			if (messageFormat != null) {
				synchronized (messageFormat) {
					return messageFormat.format(argsToUse);
				}
			}
		}

		// Check locale-independent common messages for the given message code.
		Properties commonMessages = getCommonMessages();
		if (commonMessages != null) {
			String commonMessage = commonMessages.getProperty(code);
			if (commonMessage != null) {
				return formatMessage(commonMessage, args, locale);
			}
		}

		// Not found -> check parent, if any.
		return getMessageFromParent(code, argsToUse, locale);
	}

	
Try to retrieve the given message from the parent MessageSource, if any. 
Params:
  • code – the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
  • args – array of arguments that will be filled in for params
within the message
  • locale – the locale in which to do the lookup
See Also:
Returns:the resolved message, or null if not found
/**
	 * Try to retrieve the given message from the parent {@code MessageSource}, if any.
	 * @param code the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
	 * @param args array of arguments that will be filled in for params
	 * within the message
	 * @param locale the locale in which to do the lookup
	 * @return the resolved message, or {@code null} if not found
	 * @see #getParentMessageSource()
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected String getMessageFromParent(String code, @Nullable Object[] args, Locale locale) {
		MessageSource parent = getParentMessageSource();
		if (parent != null) {
			if (parent instanceof AbstractMessageSource) {
				// Call internal method to avoid getting the default code back
				// in case of "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" being activated.
				return ((AbstractMessageSource) parent).getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
			}
			else {
				// Check parent MessageSource, returning null if not found there.
				// Covers custom MessageSource impls and DelegatingMessageSource.
				return parent.getMessage(code, args, null, locale);
			}
		}
		// Not found in parent either.
		return null;
	}

	
Get a default message for the given MessageSourceResolvable. 
This implementation fully renders the default message if available, or just returns the plain default message String if the primary message code is being used as a default message. 
Params:
  • resolvable – the value object to resolve a default message for
  • locale – the current locale
See Also:
Returns:the default message, or null if none
Since:4.3.6
/**
	 * Get a default message for the given {@code MessageSourceResolvable}.
	 * <p>This implementation fully renders the default message if available,
	 * or just returns the plain default message {@code String} if the primary
	 * message code is being used as a default message.
	 * @param resolvable the value object to resolve a default message for
	 * @param locale the current locale
	 * @return the default message, or {@code null} if none
	 * @since 4.3.6
	 * @see #renderDefaultMessage(String, Object[], Locale)
	 * @see #getDefaultMessage(String)
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected String getDefaultMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, Locale locale) {
		String defaultMessage = resolvable.getDefaultMessage();
		String[] codes = resolvable.getCodes();
		if (defaultMessage != null) {
			if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(codes) && defaultMessage.equals(codes[0])) {
				// Never format a code-as-default-message, even with alwaysUseMessageFormat=true
				return defaultMessage;
			}
			return renderDefaultMessage(defaultMessage, resolvable.getArguments(), locale);
		}
		return (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(codes) ? getDefaultMessage(codes[0]) : null);
	}

	
Return a fallback default message for the given code, if any.

Default is to return the code itself if "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" is activated, or return no fallback else. In case of no fallback, the caller will usually receive a NoSuchMessageException from getMessage. 
Params:
  • code – the message code that we couldn't resolve
and that we didn't receive an explicit default message for
See Also:
Returns:the default message to use, or null if none
/**
	 * Return a fallback default message for the given code, if any.
	 * <p>Default is to return the code itself if "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" is activated,
	 * or return no fallback else. In case of no fallback, the caller will usually
	 * receive a {@code NoSuchMessageException} from {@code getMessage}.
	 * @param code the message code that we couldn't resolve
	 * and that we didn't receive an explicit default message for
	 * @return the default message to use, or {@code null} if none
	 * @see #setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected String getDefaultMessage(String code) {
		if (isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage()) {
			return code;
		}
		return null;
	}


	
Searches through the given array of objects, finds any MessageSourceResolvable
objects and resolves them.

Allows for messages to have MessageSourceResolvables as arguments.

Params:
  • args – array of arguments for a message
  • locale – the locale to resolve through
Returns:an array of arguments with any MessageSourceResolvables resolved
/**
	 * Searches through the given array of objects, finds any MessageSourceResolvable
	 * objects and resolves them.
	 * <p>Allows for messages to have MessageSourceResolvables as arguments.
	 * @param args array of arguments for a message
	 * @param locale the locale to resolve through
	 * @return an array of arguments with any MessageSourceResolvables resolved
	 */
	@Override
	protected Object[] resolveArguments(@Nullable Object[] args, Locale locale) {
		if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
			return super.resolveArguments(args, locale);
		}
		List<Object> resolvedArgs = new ArrayList<>(args.length);
		for (Object arg : args) {
			if (arg instanceof MessageSourceResolvable) {
				resolvedArgs.add(getMessage((MessageSourceResolvable) arg, locale));
			}
			else {
				resolvedArgs.add(arg);
			}
		}
		return resolvedArgs.toArray();
	}

	
Subclasses can override this method to resolve a message without arguments
in an optimized fashion, i.e. to resolve without involving a MessageFormat.

The default implementation does use MessageFormat, through delegating to the resolveCode method. Subclasses are encouraged to replace this with optimized resolution. 
Unfortunately, java.text.MessageFormat is not implemented in an efficient fashion. In particular, it does not detect that a message pattern doesn't contain argument placeholders in the first place. Therefore, it is advisable to circumvent MessageFormat for messages without arguments. 
Params:
  • code – the code of the message to resolve
  • locale – the locale to resolve the code for
(subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
See Also:
Returns:the message String, or null if not found
/**
	 * Subclasses can override this method to resolve a message without arguments
	 * in an optimized fashion, i.e. to resolve without involving a MessageFormat.
	 * <p>The default implementation <i>does</i> use MessageFormat, through
	 * delegating to the {@link #resolveCode} method. Subclasses are encouraged
	 * to replace this with optimized resolution.
	 * <p>Unfortunately, {@code java.text.MessageFormat} is not implemented
	 * in an efficient fashion. In particular, it does not detect that a message
	 * pattern doesn't contain argument placeholders in the first place. Therefore,
	 * it is advisable to circumvent MessageFormat for messages without arguments.
	 * @param code the code of the message to resolve
	 * @param locale the locale to resolve the code for
	 * (subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
	 * @return the message String, or {@code null} if not found
	 * @see #resolveCode
	 * @see java.text.MessageFormat
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected String resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String code, Locale locale) {
		MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale);
		if (messageFormat != null) {
			synchronized (messageFormat) {
				return messageFormat.format(new Object[0]);
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	
Subclasses must implement this method to resolve a message.

Returns a MessageFormat instance rather than a message String,
to allow for appropriate caching of MessageFormats in subclasses.

Subclasses are encouraged to provide optimized resolution
for messages without arguments, not involving MessageFormat. See the resolveCodeWithoutArguments javadoc for details. 
Params:
  • code – the code of the message to resolve
  • locale – the locale to resolve the code for
(subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
See Also:
Returns:the MessageFormat for the message, or null if not found
/**
	 * Subclasses must implement this method to resolve a message.
	 * <p>Returns a MessageFormat instance rather than a message String,
	 * to allow for appropriate caching of MessageFormats in subclasses.
	 * <p><b>Subclasses are encouraged to provide optimized resolution
	 * for messages without arguments, not involving MessageFormat.</b>
	 * See the {@link #resolveCodeWithoutArguments} javadoc for details.
	 * @param code the code of the message to resolve
	 * @param locale the locale to resolve the code for
	 * (subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
	 * @return the MessageFormat for the message, or {@code null} if not found
	 * @see #resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String, java.util.Locale)
	 */
	@Nullable
	protected abstract MessageFormat resolveCode(String code, Locale locale);

}