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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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package javafx.scene;

import com.sun.javafx.scene.traversal.ParentTraversalEngine;
import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ListChangeListener.Change;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import com.sun.javafx.util.TempState;
import com.sun.javafx.util.Utils;
import com.sun.javafx.collections.TrackableObservableList;
import com.sun.javafx.collections.VetoableListDecorator;
import javafx.css.Selector;
import com.sun.javafx.css.StyleManager;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.BaseBounds;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.PickRay;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.Point2D;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.RectBounds;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.transform.BaseTransform;
import com.sun.javafx.geom.transform.NoninvertibleTransformException;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.CssFlags;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.DirtyBits;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.input.PickResultChooser;
import com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup;
import com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode;
import com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.LayoutFlags;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.NodeHelper;
import com.sun.javafx.scene.ParentHelper;
import com.sun.javafx.stage.WindowHelper;
import java.util.Collections;
import javafx.stage.Window;

The base class for all nodes that have children in the scene graph.

This class handles all hierarchical scene graph operations, including adding/removing
child nodes, marking branches dirty for layout and rendering, picking,
bounds calculations, and executing the layout pass on each pulse.

There are two direct concrete Parent subclasses

Group effects and transforms to be applied to a collection of child nodes.
Region class for nodes that can be styled with CSS and layout children. 

Since:
JavaFX 2.0/**
 * The base class for all nodes that have children in the scene graph.
 * <p>
 * This class handles all hierarchical scene graph operations, including adding/removing
 * child nodes, marking branches dirty for layout and rendering, picking,
 * bounds calculations, and executing the layout pass on each pulse.
 * <p>
 * There are two direct concrete Parent subclasses
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@link Group} effects and transforms to be applied to a collection of child nodes.</li>
 * <li>{@link javafx.scene.layout.Region} class for nodes that can be styled with CSS and layout children. </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @since JavaFX 2.0
 */
public abstract class Parent extends Node {
    // package private for testing
    static final int DIRTY_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD = 10;

    // If set to true, generate a warning message whenever adding a node to a
    // parent if it is currently a child of another parent.
    private static final boolean warnOnAutoMove = PropertyHelper.getBooleanProperty("javafx.sg.warn");

    
Threshold when it's worth to populate list of removed children.
/**
     * Threshold when it's worth to populate list of removed children.
     */
    private static final int REMOVED_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD = 20;

    
Do not populate list of removed children when its number exceeds threshold,
but mark whole parent dirty.
/**
     * Do not populate list of removed children when its number exceeds threshold,
     * but mark whole parent dirty.
     */
    private boolean removedChildrenOptimizationDisabled = false;

    static {
        // This is used by classes in different packages to get access to
        // private and package private methods.
        ParentHelper.setParentAccessor(new ParentHelper.ParentAccessor() {
            @Override
            public NGNode doCreatePeer(Node node) {
                return ((Parent) node).doCreatePeer();
            }

            @Override
            public void doUpdatePeer(Node node) {
                ((Parent) node).doUpdatePeer();
            }

            @Override
            public BaseBounds doComputeGeomBounds(Node node,
                    BaseBounds bounds, BaseTransform tx) {
                return ((Parent) node).doComputeGeomBounds(bounds, tx);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean doComputeContains(Node node, double localX, double localY) {
                return ((Parent) node).doComputeContains(localX, localY);
            }

            @Override
            public void doProcessCSS(Node node) {
                ((Parent) node).doProcessCSS();
            }

            @Override
            public void doPickNodeLocal(Node node, PickRay localPickRay,
                    PickResultChooser result) {
                ((Parent) node).doPickNodeLocal(localPickRay, result);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean pickChildrenNode(Parent parent, PickRay pickRay, PickResultChooser result) {
                return parent.pickChildrenNode(pickRay, result);
            }

            @Override
            public void setTraversalEngine(Parent parent, ParentTraversalEngine value) {
                parent.setTraversalEngine(value);
            }

            @Override
            public ParentTraversalEngine getTraversalEngine(Parent parent) {
                return parent.getTraversalEngine();
            }

            @Override
            public List<String> doGetAllParentStylesheets(Parent parent) {
                return parent.doGetAllParentStylesheets();
            }
        });
    }

    /*
     * Note: This method MUST only be called via its accessor method.
     */
    private void doUpdatePeer() {
        final NGGroup peer = getPeer();

        if (Utils.assertionEnabled()) {
            List<NGNode> pgnodes = peer.getChildren();
            if (pgnodes.size() != pgChildrenSize) {
                java.lang.System.err.println("*** pgnodes.size() [" + pgnodes.size() + "] != pgChildrenSize [" + pgChildrenSize + "]");
            }
        }

        if (isDirty(DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN)) {
            // Whether a permutation, or children having been added or
            // removed, we'll want to clear out the PG side starting
            // from startIdx. We know that everything up to but not
            // including startIdx is identical between the FX and PG
            // sides, so we only need to update the remaining portion.
            peer.clearFrom(startIdx);
            for (int idx = startIdx; idx < children.size(); idx++) {
                peer.add(idx, children.get(idx).getPeer());
            }
            if (removedChildrenOptimizationDisabled) {
                peer.markDirty();
                removedChildrenOptimizationDisabled = false;
            } else {
                if (removed != null && !removed.isEmpty()) {
                    for(int i = 0; i < removed.size(); i++) {
                        peer.addToRemoved(removed.get(i).getPeer());
                    }
                }
            }
            if (removed != null) {
                removed.clear();
            }
            pgChildrenSize = children.size();
            startIdx = pgChildrenSize;
        }

        if (isDirty(DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN_VIEW_ORDER)) {
            computeViewOrderChildren();
            peer.setViewOrderChildren(viewOrderChildren);
        }

        if (Utils.assertionEnabled()) validatePG();
    }


    
                       Scenegraph Structure                         *
                                                                    *
 Functions and variables related to the scenegraph structure,       *
 modifying the structure, and walking the structure.                *
                                                                    *
/***********************************************************************
     *                        Scenegraph Structure                         *
     *                                                                     *
     *  Functions and variables related to the scenegraph structure,       *
     *  modifying the structure, and walking the structure.                *
     *                                                                     *
     **********************************************************************/

    // Used to check for duplicate nodes
    private final Set<Node> childSet = new HashSet<Node>();

    // starting child index from which we need to send the children to the PGGroup
    private int startIdx = 0;

    // double of children in the PGGroup as of the last update
    private int pgChildrenSize = 0;

    void validatePG() {
        boolean assertionFailed = false;
        final NGGroup peer = getPeer();
        List<NGNode> pgnodes = peer.getChildren();
        if (pgnodes.size() != children.size()) {
            java.lang.System.err.println("*** pgnodes.size validatePG() [" + pgnodes.size() + "] != children.size() [" + children.size() + "]");
            assertionFailed = true;
        } else {
            for (int idx = 0; idx < children.size(); idx++) {
                Node n = children.get(idx);
                if (n.getParent() != this) {
                    java.lang.System.err.println("*** this=" + this + " validatePG children[" + idx + "].parent= " + n.getParent());
                    assertionFailed = true;
                }
                if (n.getPeer() != pgnodes.get(idx)) {
                    java.lang.System.err.println("*** pgnodes[" + idx + "] validatePG != children[" + idx + "]");
                    assertionFailed = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if (assertionFailed) {
            throw new java.lang.AssertionError("validation of PGGroup children failed");
        }

    }

    void printSeq(String prefix, List<Node> nodes) {
        String str = prefix;
        for (Node nn : nodes) {
            str += nn + " ";
        }
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    
The viewOrderChildren is a list children sorted in decreasing viewOrder
order if it is not empty. Its size should always be equal to
children.size(). If viewOrderChildren is empty it implies that the
rendering order of the children is the same as the order in the children
list.
/**
     * The viewOrderChildren is a list children sorted in decreasing viewOrder
     * order if it is not empty. Its size should always be equal to
     * children.size(). If viewOrderChildren is empty it implies that the
     * rendering order of the children is the same as the order in the children
     * list.
     */
    private final List<Node> viewOrderChildren = new ArrayList(1);

    void markViewOrderChildrenDirty() {
        NodeHelper.markDirty(this, DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN_VIEW_ORDER);
    }

    private void computeViewOrderChildren() {
        boolean viewOrderSet = false;
        for (Node child : children) {
            double vo = child.getViewOrder();

            if (!viewOrderSet && vo != 0) {
                viewOrderSet = true;
            }
        }

        viewOrderChildren.clear();
        if (viewOrderSet) {
            viewOrderChildren.addAll(children);

            // Sort in descending order (or big-to-small order)
            Collections.sort(viewOrderChildren, (Node a, Node b)
                    -> a.getViewOrder() < b.getViewOrder() ? 1
                            : a.getViewOrder() == b.getViewOrder() ? 0 : -1);
        }
    }

    // Call this method if children view order is needed for picking.
    // The returned list should be treated as read only.
    private List<Node> getOrderedChildren() {
        if (isDirty(DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN_VIEW_ORDER)) {
            //Fix for JDK-8205092
            computeViewOrderChildren();
        }
        if (!viewOrderChildren.isEmpty()) {
            return viewOrderChildren;
        }
        return children;
    }

    // Variable used to indicate that the change to the children ObservableList is
    // a simple permutation as the result of a toFront or toBack operation.
    // We can avoid almost all of the processing of the on replace trigger in
    // this case.
    private boolean childrenTriggerPermutation = false;

    //accumulates all removed nodes between pulses, for dirty area calculation.
    private List<Node> removed;

    // set to true if either childRemoved or childAdded returns
    // true. These functions will indicate whether the geom
    // bounds for the parent have changed
    private boolean geomChanged;
    private boolean childSetModified;
    private final ObservableList<Node> children = new VetoableListDecorator<Node>(new TrackableObservableList<Node>() {


        protected void onChanged(Change<Node> c) {
            // proceed with updating the scene graph
            unmodifiableManagedChildren = null;
            boolean relayout = false;
            boolean viewOrderChildrenDirty = false;

            if (childSetModified) {
                while (c.next()) {
                    int from = c.getFrom();
                    int to = c.getTo();
                    for (int i = from; i < to; ++i) {
                        Node n = children.get(i);
                        if (n.getParent() != null && n.getParent() != Parent.this) {
                            if (warnOnAutoMove) {
                                java.lang.System.err.println("WARNING added to a new parent without first removing it from its current");
                                java.lang.System.err.println("    parent. It will be automatically removed from its current parent.");
                                java.lang.System.err.println("    node=" + n + " oldparent= " + n.getParent() + " newparent=" + this);
                            }
                            n.getParent().children.remove(n);
                            if (warnOnAutoMove) {
                                Thread.dumpStack();
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    List<Node> removed = c.getRemoved();
                    int removedSize = removed.size();
                    for (int i = 0; i < removedSize; ++i) {
                        final Node n = removed.get(i);
                        if (n.isManaged()) {
                            relayout = true;
                        }
                    }

                    // Mark viewOrderChildrenDirty if there is modification to children list
                    // and view order was set on one or more of the children prior to this change
                    if (((removedSize > 0) || (to - from) > 0) && !viewOrderChildren.isEmpty()) {
                        viewOrderChildrenDirty = true;
                    }
                    // update the parent and scene for each new node
                    for (int i = from; i < to; ++i) {
                        Node node = children.get(i);

                        // Newly added node has view order set.
                        if (node.getViewOrder() != 0) {
                            viewOrderChildrenDirty = true;
                        }
                        if (node.isManaged() || (node instanceof Parent && ((Parent) node).layoutFlag != LayoutFlags.CLEAN)) {
                            relayout = true;
                        }
                        node.setParent(Parent.this);
                        node.setScenes(getScene(), getSubScene());
                        // assert !node.boundsChanged;
                        if (node.isVisible()) {
                            geomChanged = true;
                            childIncluded(node);
                        }
                    }
                }

                // check to see if the number of children exceeds
                // DIRTY_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD and dirtyChildren is null.
                // If so, then we need to create dirtyChildren and
                // populate it.
                if (dirtyChildren == null && children.size() > DIRTY_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD) {
                    dirtyChildren
                            = new ArrayList<Node>(2 * DIRTY_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD);
                    // only bother populating children if geom has
                    // changed, otherwise there is no need
                    if (dirtyChildrenCount > 0) {
                        int size = children.size();
                        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                            Node ch = children.get(i);
                            if (ch.isVisible() && ch.boundsChanged) {
                                dirtyChildren.add(ch);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // If childSet was not modified, we still need to check whether the permutation
                // did change the layout
                layout_loop:while (c.next()) {
                    List<Node> removed = c.getRemoved();
                    for (int i = 0, removedSize = removed.size(); i < removedSize; ++i) {
                        if (removed.get(i).isManaged()) {
                            relayout = true;
                            break layout_loop;
                        }
                    }

                    for (int i = c.getFrom(), to = c.getTo(); i < to; ++i) {
                        if (children.get(i).isManaged()) {
                            relayout = true;
                            break layout_loop;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }


            //
            // Note that the styles of a child do not affect the parent or
            // its siblings. Thus, it is only necessary to reapply css to
            // the Node just added and not to this parent and all of its
            // children. So the following call to reapplyCSS was moved
            // to Node.parentProperty. The original comment and code were
            // purposely left here as documentation should there be any
            // question about how the code used to work and why the change
            // was made.
            //
            // if children have changed then I need to reapply
            // CSS from this node on down
//                reapplyCSS();
            //

            // request layout if a Group subclass has overridden doLayout OR
            // if one of the new children needs layout, in which case need to ensure
            // the needsLayout flag is set all the way to the root so the next layout
            // pass will reach the child.
            if (relayout) {
                requestLayout();
            }

            if (geomChanged) {
                NodeHelper.geomChanged(Parent.this);
            }

            // Note the starting index at which we need to update the
            // PGGroup on the next update, and mark the children dirty
            c.reset();
            c.next();
            if (startIdx > c.getFrom()) {
                startIdx = c.getFrom();
            }

            NodeHelper.markDirty(Parent.this, DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN);
            // Force synchronization to include the handling of invisible node
            // so that removed list will get cleanup to prevent memory leak.
            NodeHelper.markDirty(Parent.this, DirtyBits.NODE_FORCE_SYNC);

            if (viewOrderChildrenDirty) {
                NodeHelper.markDirty(Parent.this, DirtyBits.PARENT_CHILDREN_VIEW_ORDER);
            }
        }

    }) {
        @Override
        protected void onProposedChange(final List<Node> newNodes, int[] toBeRemoved) {
            final Scene scene = getScene();
            if (scene != null) {
                Window w = scene.getWindow();
                if (w != null && WindowHelper.getPeer(w) != null) {
                    Toolkit.getToolkit().checkFxUserThread();
                }
            }
            geomChanged = false;

            long newLength = children.size() + newNodes.size();
            int removedLength = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < toBeRemoved.length; i += 2) {
                removedLength += toBeRemoved[i + 1] - toBeRemoved[i];
            }
            newLength -= removedLength;

            // If the childrenTriggerPermutation flag is set, then we know it
            // is a simple permutation and no further checking is needed.
            if (childrenTriggerPermutation) {
                childSetModified = false;
                return;
            }

            // If the childrenTriggerPermutation flag is not set, then we will
            // check to see whether any element in the ObservableList has changed,
            // or whether the new ObservableList is a permutation on the existing
            // ObservableList. Note that even if the childrenModified flag is false,
            // we still have to check for duplicates. If it is a simple
            // permutation, we can avoid checking for cycles or other parents.
            childSetModified = true;
            if (newLength == childSet.size()) {
                childSetModified = false;
                for (int i = newNodes.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i ) {
                    Node n = newNodes.get(i);
                    if (!childSet.contains(n)) {
                        childSetModified = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Enforce scene graph invariants, and check for structural errors.
            //
            // 1. If a child has been added to this parent more than once,
            // then it is an error
            //
            // 2. If a child is a target of a clip, then it is an error.
            //
            // 3. If a node would cause a cycle, then it is an error.
            //
            // 4. If a node is null
            //
            // Note that if a node is the child of another parent, we will
            // implicitly remove the node from its former Parent after first
            // checking for errors.

            // iterate over the nodes that were removed and remove them from
            // the hash set.
            for (int i = 0; i < toBeRemoved.length; i += 2) {
                for (int j = toBeRemoved[i]; j < toBeRemoved[i + 1]; j++) {
                    childSet.remove(children.get(j));
                }
            }

            try {
                if (childSetModified) {
                    // check individual children before duplication test
                    // if done in this order, the exception is more specific
                    for (int i = newNodes.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i ) {
                        Node node = newNodes.get(i);
                        if (node == null) {
                            throw new NullPointerException(
                                    constructExceptionMessage(
                                        "child node is null", null));
                        }
                        if (node.getClipParent() != null) {
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                    constructExceptionMessage(
                                        "node already used as a clip", node));
                        }
                        if (wouldCreateCycle(Parent.this, node)) {
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                    constructExceptionMessage(
                                        "cycle detected", node));
                        }
                    }
                }

                childSet.addAll(newNodes);
                if (childSet.size() != newLength) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            constructExceptionMessage(
                                "duplicate children added", null));
                }
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                //Return children to it's original state
                childSet.clear();
                childSet.addAll(children);

                // rethrow
                throw e;
            }

            // Done with error checking

            if (!childSetModified) {
                return;
            }

            // iterate over the nodes that were removed and clear their
            // parent and scene. Add to them also to removed list for further
            // dirty regions calculation.
            if (removed == null) {
                removed = new ArrayList<Node>();
            }
            if (removed.size() + removedLength > REMOVED_CHILDREN_THRESHOLD || !isTreeVisible()) {
                //do not populate too many children in removed list
                removedChildrenOptimizationDisabled = true;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < toBeRemoved.length; i += 2) {
                for (int j = toBeRemoved[i]; j < toBeRemoved[i + 1]; j++) {
                    Node old = children.get(j);
                    final Scene oldScene = old.getScene();
                    if (oldScene != null) {
                        oldScene.generateMouseExited(old);
                    }
                    if (dirtyChildren != null) {
                        dirtyChildren.remove(old);
                    }
                    if (old.isVisible()) {
                        geomChanged = true;
                        childExcluded(old);
                    }
                    if (old.getParent() == Parent.this) {
                        old.setParent(null);
                        old.setScenes(null, null);
                    }
                    // Do not add node with null scene to the removed list.
                    // It will not be processed in the list and its memory
                    // will not be freed.
                    if (scene != null && !removedChildrenOptimizationDisabled) {
                        removed.add(old);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private String constructExceptionMessage(
                String cause, Node offendingNode) {
            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Children: ");
            sb.append(cause);
            sb.append(": parent = ").append(Parent.this);
            if (offendingNode != null) {
                sb.append(", node = ").append(offendingNode);
            }

            return sb.toString();
        }
    };

    
A constant reference to an unmodifiable view of the children, such that every time
we ask for an unmodifiable list of children, we don't actually create a new
collection and return it. The memory overhead is pretty lightweight compared
to all the garbage we would otherwise generate.
/**
     * A constant reference to an unmodifiable view of the children, such that every time
     * we ask for an unmodifiable list of children, we don't actually create a new
     * collection and return it. The memory overhead is pretty lightweight compared
     * to all the garbage we would otherwise generate.
     */
    private final ObservableList<Node> unmodifiableChildren =
            FXCollections.unmodifiableObservableList(children);

    
A cached reference to the unmodifiable managed children of this Parent. This is
created whenever first asked for, and thrown away whenever children are added
or removed or when their managed state changes. This could be written
differently, such that this list is essentially a filtered copy of the
main children, but that additional overhead might not be worth it.
/**
     * A cached reference to the unmodifiable managed children of this Parent. This is
     * created whenever first asked for, and thrown away whenever children are added
     * or removed or when their managed state changes. This could be written
     * differently, such that this list is essentially a filtered copy of the
     * main children, but that additional overhead might not be worth it.
     */
    private List<Node> unmodifiableManagedChildren = null;

    
Gets the list of children of this Parent. 
 See the class documentation for Node for scene graph structure restrictions on setting a Parent's children list. If these restrictions are violated by a change to the list of children, the change is ignored and the previous value of the children list is restored. An IllegalArgumentException is thrown in this case. 
 If this Parent node is attached to a Scene attached to a Window that is showning (Window.isShowing()), then its list of children must only be modified on the JavaFX Application Thread. An IllegalStateException is thrown if this restriction is violated. 

Note to subclasses: if you override this method, you must return from
your implementation the result of calling this super method. The actual
list instance returned from any getChildren() implementation must be
the list owned and managed by this Parent. The only typical purpose
for overriding this method is to promote the method to be public.
Returns:
the list of children of this Parent./**
     * Gets the list of children of this {@code Parent}.
     *
     * <p>
     * See the class documentation for {@link Node} for scene graph structure
     * restrictions on setting a {@link Parent}'s children list.
     * If these restrictions are violated by a change to the list of children,
     * the change is ignored and the previous value of the children list is
     * restored. An {@link IllegalArgumentException} is thrown in this case.
     *
     * <p>
     * If this {@link Parent} node is attached to a {@link Scene} attached to a {@link Window}
     * that is showning ({@link javafx.stage.Window#isShowing()}), then its
     * list of children must only be modified on the JavaFX Application Thread.
     * An {@link IllegalStateException} is thrown if this restriction is
     * violated.
     *
     * <p>
     * Note to subclasses: if you override this method, you must return from
     * your implementation the result of calling this super method. The actual
     * list instance returned from any getChildren() implementation must be
     * the list owned and managed by this Parent. The only typical purpose
     * for overriding this method is to promote the method to be public.
     *
     * @return the list of children of this {@code Parent}.
     */
    protected ObservableList<Node> getChildren() {
        return children;
    }

    
Gets the list of children of this Parent as a read-only list. 
Returns:
read-only access to this parent's children ObservableList/**
     * Gets the list of children of this {@code Parent} as a read-only
     * list.
     *
     * @return read-only access to this parent's children ObservableList
     */
    public ObservableList<Node> getChildrenUnmodifiable() {
        return unmodifiableChildren;
    }

    
Gets the list of all managed children of this Parent. 
Type parameters:
<E> – the type of the children nodes
Returns:
list of all managed children in this parent/**
     * Gets the list of all managed children of this {@code Parent}.
     *
     * @param <E> the type of the children nodes
     * @return list of all managed children in this parent
     */
    protected <E extends Node> List<E> getManagedChildren() {
        if (unmodifiableManagedChildren == null) {
            unmodifiableManagedChildren = new ArrayList<Node>();
            for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
                Node e = children.get(i);
                if (e.isManaged()) {
                    unmodifiableManagedChildren.add(e);
                }
            }
        }
        return (List<E>)unmodifiableManagedChildren;
    }

    
Called by Node whenever its managed state may have changed, this
method will cause the view of managed children to be updated
such that it properly includes or excludes this child.
/**
     * Called by Node whenever its managed state may have changed, this
     * method will cause the view of managed children to be updated
     * such that it properly includes or excludes this child.
     */
    final void managedChildChanged() {
        requestLayout();
        unmodifiableManagedChildren = null;
    }

    // implementation of Node.toFront function
    final void toFront(Node node) {
        if (Utils.assertionEnabled()) {
            if (!childSet.contains(node)) {
                throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
                        "specified node is not in the list of children");
            }
        }

        if (children.get(children.size() - 1) != node) {
            childrenTriggerPermutation = true;
            try {
                children.remove(node);
                children.add(node);
            } finally {
                childrenTriggerPermutation = false;
            }
        }
    }

    // implementation of Node.toBack function
    final void toBack(Node node) {
        if (Utils.assertionEnabled()) {
            if (!childSet.contains(node)) {
                throw new java.lang.AssertionError(
                        "specified node is not in the list of children");
            }
        }

        if (children.get(0) != node) {
            childrenTriggerPermutation = true;
            try {
                children.remove(node);
                children.add(0, node);
            } finally {
                childrenTriggerPermutation = false;
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    void scenesChanged(final Scene newScene, final SubScene newSubScene,
                       final Scene oldScene, final SubScene oldSubScene) {

        if (oldScene != null && newScene == null) {
            // RT-34863 - clean up CSS cache when Parent is removed from scene-graph
            StyleManager.getInstance().forget(this);

            // Clear removed list on parent who is no longer in a scene
            if (removed != null) {
                removed.clear();
            }
        }

        for (int i=0; i<children.size(); i++) {
            children.get(i).setScenes(newScene, newSubScene);
        }

        final boolean awaitingLayout = layoutFlag != LayoutFlags.CLEAN;

        sceneRoot = (newSubScene != null && newSubScene.getRoot() == this) ||
                    (newScene != null && newScene.getRoot() == this);
        layoutRoot = !isManaged() || sceneRoot;


        if (awaitingLayout) {
            // If this node is dirty and the new scene or subScene is not null
            // then add this node to the new scene's dirty list
            if (newScene != null && layoutRoot) {
                if (newSubScene != null) {
                    newSubScene.setDirtyLayout(this);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    void setDerivedDepthTest(boolean value) {
        super.setDerivedDepthTest(value);

        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node node = children.get(i);
            node.computeDerivedDepthTest();
        }
    }

    boolean pickChildrenNode(PickRay pickRay, PickResultChooser result) {
        List<Node> orderedChildren = getOrderedChildren();
        for (int i = orderedChildren.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            orderedChildren.get(i).pickNode(pickRay, result);
            if (result.isClosed()) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /*
     * Note: This method MUST only be called via its accessor method.
     */
    private void doPickNodeLocal(PickRay pickRay, PickResultChooser result) {
         double boundsDistance = intersectsBounds(pickRay);

        if (!Double.isNaN(boundsDistance) && pickChildrenNode(pickRay, result)) {
            if (isPickOnBounds()) {
                result.offer(this, boundsDistance, PickResultChooser.computePoint(pickRay, boundsDistance));
            }
        }
    }

    @Override boolean isConnected() {
        return super.isConnected() || sceneRoot;
    }

    @Override public Node lookup(String selector) {
        Node n = super.lookup(selector);
        if (n == null) {
            for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
                final Node node = children.get(i);
                n = node.lookup(selector);
                if (n != null) return n;
            }
        }
        return n;
    }

    
Please Note: This method should never create the results set,
let the Node class implementation do this!
/**
     * Please Note: This method should never create the results set,
     * let the Node class implementation do this!
     */
    @Override List<Node> lookupAll(Selector selector, List<Node> results) {
        results = super.lookupAll(selector, results);
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node node = children.get(i);
            results = node.lookupAll(selector, results);
        }
        return results;
    }

    private ParentTraversalEngine traversalEngine;

    private final void setTraversalEngine(ParentTraversalEngine value) {
        this.traversalEngine = value;
    }

    private final ParentTraversalEngine getTraversalEngine() {
        return traversalEngine;
    }

    /***********************************************************************
     *                               Layout                                *
     *                                                                     *
     *  Functions and variables related to the layout scheme used by       *
     *  JavaFX. Includes both public and private API.                      *
     *                                                                     *
     **********************************************************************/
    
Indicates that this Node and its subnodes requires a layout pass on
the next pulse.
/**
     * Indicates that this Node and its subnodes requires a layout pass on
     * the next pulse.
     */
    private ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper needsLayout;
    LayoutFlags layoutFlag = LayoutFlags.CLEAN;

    protected final void setNeedsLayout(boolean value) {
        if (value) {
            markDirtyLayout(true, false);
        } else if (layoutFlag == LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT) {
            boolean hasBranch = false;
            for (int i = 0, max = children.size(); i < max; i++) {
                final Node child = children.get(i);
                if (child instanceof Parent) {
                    if (((Parent)child).layoutFlag != LayoutFlags.CLEAN) {
                        hasBranch = true;
                        break;
                    }

                }
            }
            setLayoutFlag(hasBranch ? LayoutFlags.DIRTY_BRANCH : LayoutFlags.CLEAN);
        }
    }

    public final boolean isNeedsLayout() {
        return layoutFlag == LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT;
    }

    public final ReadOnlyBooleanProperty needsLayoutProperty() {
        if (needsLayout == null) {
            needsLayout = new ReadOnlyBooleanWrapper(this, "needsLayout", layoutFlag == LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT);
        }
        return needsLayout;
    }

    
This is used only by CCS in Node. It is set to true while
the layout() function is processing and set to false on the conclusion.
It is used by the Node to decide whether to perform CSS updates
synchronously or asynchronously.
/**
     * This is used only by CCS in Node. It is set to true while
     * the layout() function is processing and set to false on the conclusion.
     * It is used by the Node to decide whether to perform CSS updates
     * synchronously or asynchronously.
     */
    private boolean performingLayout = false;

    boolean isPerformingLayout() {
        return performingLayout;
    }

    private boolean sizeCacheClear = true;
    private double prefWidthCache = -1;
    private double prefHeightCache = -1;
    private double minWidthCache = -1;
    private double minHeightCache = -1;

    void setLayoutFlag(LayoutFlags flag) {
        if (needsLayout != null) {
            needsLayout.set(flag == LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT);
        }
        layoutFlag = flag;
    }

    private void markDirtyLayout(boolean local, boolean forceParentLayout) {
        setLayoutFlag(LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT);
        if (local || layoutRoot) {
            if (sceneRoot) {
                Toolkit.getToolkit().requestNextPulse();
                if (getSubScene() != null) {
                    getSubScene().setDirtyLayout(this);
                }
            } else {
                markDirtyLayoutBranch();
            }
        } else {
            requestParentLayout(forceParentLayout);
        }
    }

    
Requests a layout pass to be performed before the next scene is
rendered. This is batched up asynchronously to happen once per
"pulse", or frame of animation.

If this parent is either a layout root or unmanaged, then it will be
added directly to the scene's dirty layout list, otherwise requestParentLayout
will be invoked.
Since:
JavaFX 8.0/**
     * Requests a layout pass to be performed before the next scene is
     * rendered. This is batched up asynchronously to happen once per
     * "pulse", or frame of animation.
     * <p>
     * If this parent is either a layout root or unmanaged, then it will be
     * added directly to the scene's dirty layout list, otherwise requestParentLayout
     * will be invoked.
     * @since JavaFX 8.0
     */
    public void requestLayout() {
        clearSizeCache();
        markDirtyLayout(false, forceParentLayout);
    }

    private boolean forceParentLayout = false;
    
A package scope method used by Node and serves as a helper method for
requestLayout() (see above). If forceParentLayout is true it will
propagate this force layout flag to its parent.
/**
     * A package scope method used by Node and serves as a helper method for
     * requestLayout() (see above). If forceParentLayout is true it will
     * propagate this force layout flag to its parent.
     */
    void requestLayout(boolean forceParentLayout) {
        boolean savedForceParentLayout = this.forceParentLayout;
        this.forceParentLayout = forceParentLayout;
        requestLayout();
        this.forceParentLayout = savedForceParentLayout;
    }

    
Requests a layout pass of the parent to be performed before the next scene is
rendered. This is batched up asynchronously to happen once per
"pulse", or frame of animation.

This may be used when the current parent have changed it's min/max/preferred width/height,
but doesn't know yet if the change will lead to it's actual size change. This will be determined
when it's parent recomputes the layout with the new hints.
/**
     * Requests a layout pass of the parent to be performed before the next scene is
     * rendered. This is batched up asynchronously to happen once per
     * "pulse", or frame of animation.
     * <p>
     * This may be used when the current parent have changed it's min/max/preferred width/height,
     * but doesn't know yet if the change will lead to it's actual size change. This will be determined
     * when it's parent recomputes the layout with the new hints.
     */
    protected final void requestParentLayout() {
       requestParentLayout(false);
    }

    
A package scope method used by Node and serves as a helper method for
requestParentLayout() (see above). If forceParentLayout is true it will
force a request layout call on its parent if its parent is not null.
/**
     * A package scope method used by Node and serves as a helper method for
     * requestParentLayout() (see above). If forceParentLayout is true it will
     * force a request layout call on its parent if its parent is not null.
     */
    void requestParentLayout(boolean forceParentLayout) {
        if (!layoutRoot) {
            final Parent p = getParent();
            if (p != null && (!p.performingLayout || forceParentLayout)) {
                p.requestLayout();
            }
        }
    }

    void clearSizeCache() {
        if (sizeCacheClear) {
            return;
        }
        sizeCacheClear = true;
        prefWidthCache = -1;
        prefHeightCache = -1;
        minWidthCache = -1;
        minHeightCache = -1;
    }

    @Override public double prefWidth(double height) {
        if (height == -1) {
            if (prefWidthCache == -1) {
                prefWidthCache = computePrefWidth(-1);
                if (Double.isNaN(prefWidthCache) || prefWidthCache < 0) prefWidthCache = 0;
                sizeCacheClear = false;
            }
            return prefWidthCache;
        } else {
            double result = computePrefWidth(height);
            return Double.isNaN(result) || result < 0 ? 0 : result;
        }
    }

    @Override public double prefHeight(double width) {
        if (width == -1) {
            if (prefHeightCache == -1) {
                prefHeightCache = computePrefHeight(-1);
                if (Double.isNaN(prefHeightCache) || prefHeightCache < 0) prefHeightCache = 0;
                sizeCacheClear = false;
            }
            return prefHeightCache;
        } else {
            double result = computePrefHeight(width);
            return Double.isNaN(result) || result < 0 ? 0 : result;
        }
    }

    @Override public double minWidth(double height) {
        if (height == -1) {
            if (minWidthCache == -1) {
                minWidthCache = computeMinWidth(-1);
                if (Double.isNaN(minWidthCache) || minWidthCache < 0) minWidthCache = 0;
                sizeCacheClear = false;
            }
            return minWidthCache;
        } else {
            double result = computeMinWidth(height);
            return Double.isNaN(result) || result < 0 ? 0 : result;
        }
    }

    @Override public double minHeight(double width) {
        if (width == -1) {
            if (minHeightCache == -1) {
                minHeightCache = computeMinHeight(-1);
                if (Double.isNaN(minHeightCache) || minHeightCache < 0) minHeightCache = 0;
                sizeCacheClear = false;
            }
            return minHeightCache;
        } else {
            double result = computeMinHeight(width);
            return Double.isNaN(result) || result < 0 ? 0 : result;
        }
    }

    // PENDING_DOC_REVIEW
    
Calculates the preferred width of this Parent. The default implementation calculates this width as the width of the area occupied by its managed children when they are positioned at their current positions at their preferred widths. 
Params:
height – the height that should be used if preferred width depends
     on it
Returns:
the calculated preferred width/**
     * Calculates the preferred width of this {@code Parent}. The default
     * implementation calculates this width as the width of the area occupied
     * by its managed children when they are positioned at their
     * current positions at their preferred widths.
     *
     * @param height the height that should be used if preferred width depends
     *      on it
     * @return the calculated preferred width
     */
    protected double computePrefWidth(double height) {
        double minX = 0;
        double maxX = 0;
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            Node node = children.get(i);
            if (node.isManaged()) {
                final double x = node.getLayoutBounds().getMinX() + node.getLayoutX();
                minX = Math.min(minX, x);
                maxX = Math.max(maxX, x + boundedSize(node.prefWidth(-1), node.minWidth(-1), node.maxWidth(-1)));
            }
        }
        return maxX - minX;
    }

    // PENDING_DOC_REVIEW
    
Calculates the preferred height of this Parent. The default implementation calculates this height as the height of the area occupied by its managed children when they are positioned at their current positions at their preferred heights. 
Params:
width – the width that should be used if preferred height depends
     on it
Returns:
the calculated preferred height/**
     * Calculates the preferred height of this {@code Parent}. The default
     * implementation calculates this height as the height of the area occupied
     * by its managed children when they are positioned at their current
     * positions at their preferred heights.
     *
     * @param width the width that should be used if preferred height depends
     *      on it
     * @return the calculated preferred height
     */
    protected double computePrefHeight(double width) {
        double minY = 0;
        double maxY = 0;
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            Node node = children.get(i);
            if (node.isManaged()) {
                final double y = node.getLayoutBounds().getMinY() + node.getLayoutY();
                minY = Math.min(minY, y);
                maxY = Math.max(maxY, y + boundedSize(node.prefHeight(-1), node.minHeight(-1), node.maxHeight(-1)));
            }
        }
        return maxY - minY;
    }

    
Calculates the minimum width of this Parent. The default implementation simply returns the pref width. 
Params:
height – the height that should be used if min width depends
     on it
Returns:
the calculated min width
Since:
JavaFX 2.1/**
     * Calculates the minimum width of this {@code Parent}. The default
     * implementation simply returns the pref width.
     *
     * @param height the height that should be used if min width depends
     *      on it
     * @return the calculated min width
     * @since JavaFX 2.1
     */
    protected double computeMinWidth(double height) {
        return prefWidth(height);
    }

    // PENDING_DOC_REVIEW
    
Calculates the min height of this Parent. The default implementation simply returns the pref height; 
Params:
width – the width that should be used if min height depends
     on it
Returns:
the calculated min height
Since:
JavaFX 2.1/**
     * Calculates the min height of this {@code Parent}. The default
     * implementation simply returns the pref height;
     *
     * @param width the width that should be used if min height depends
     *      on it
     * @return the calculated min height
     * @since JavaFX 2.1
     */
    protected double computeMinHeight(double width) {
        return prefHeight(width);
    }

    
Calculates the baseline offset based on the first managed child. If there is no such child, returns Node.getBaselineOffset(). 
Returns:
baseline offset/**
     * Calculates the baseline offset based on the first managed child. If there
     * is no such child, returns {@link Node#getBaselineOffset()}.
     *
     * @return baseline offset
     */
    @Override public double getBaselineOffset() {
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node child = children.get(i);
            if (child.isManaged()) {
                double offset = child.getBaselineOffset();
                if (offset == BASELINE_OFFSET_SAME_AS_HEIGHT) {
                    continue;
                }
                return child.getLayoutBounds().getMinY() + child.getLayoutY() + offset;
            }
        }
        return super.getBaselineOffset();
    }

    
It stores the reference to the current child being laid out by its parent.
This reference is important to differentiate whether a layout is triggered
by its parent or other events.
/***
     * It stores the reference to the current child being laid out by its parent.
     * This reference is important to differentiate whether a layout is triggered
     * by its parent or other events.
     */
    private Node currentLayoutChild = null;

    boolean isCurrentLayoutChild(Node node) {
        return node == currentLayoutChild;
    }

    
Executes a top-down layout pass on the scene graph under this parent.
Calling this method while the Parent is doing layout is a no-op.
/**
     * Executes a top-down layout pass on the scene graph under this parent.
     *
     * Calling this method while the Parent is doing layout is a no-op.
     */
    public final void layout() {
        // layoutFlag can be accessed or changed during layout processing.
        // Hence we need to cache and reset it before performing layout.
        LayoutFlags flag = layoutFlag;
        setLayoutFlag(LayoutFlags.CLEAN);
        switch(flag) {
            case CLEAN:
                break;
            case NEEDS_LAYOUT:
                if (performingLayout) {
                    /* This code is here mainly to avoid infinite loops as layout() is public and the call might be (indirectly) invoked accidentally
                     * while doing the layout.
                     * One example might be an invocation from Group layout bounds recalculation
                     *  (e.g. during the localToScene/localToParent calculation).
                     * The layout bounds will thus return layout bounds that are "old" (i.e. before the layout changes, that are just being done),
                     * which is likely what the code would expect.
                     * The changes will invalidate the layout bounds again however, so the layout bounds query after layout pass will return correct answer.
                     */
                    break;
                }
                performingLayout = true;
                layoutChildren();
                // Intended fall-through
            case DIRTY_BRANCH:
                for (int i = 0, max = children.size(); i < max; i++) {
                    final Node child = children.get(i);
                    currentLayoutChild = child;
                    if (child instanceof Parent) {
                        ((Parent)child).layout();
                    } else if (child instanceof SubScene) {
                        ((SubScene)child).layoutPass();
                    }
                }
                currentLayoutChild = null;
                performingLayout = false;
                break;
        }
    }

    
Invoked during the layout pass to layout the children in this Parent. By default it will only set the size of managed, resizable content to their preferred sizes and does not do any node positioning. 

Subclasses should override this function to layout content as needed.
/**
     * Invoked during the layout pass to layout the children in this
     * {@code Parent}. By default it will only set the size of managed,
     * resizable content to their preferred sizes and does not do any node
     * positioning.
     * <p>
     * Subclasses should override this function to layout content as needed.
     */
    protected void layoutChildren() {
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node node = children.get(i);
            currentLayoutChild = node;
            if (node.isResizable() && node.isManaged()) {
                node.autosize();
            }
        }
        currentLayoutChild = null;
    }

    
This field is managed by the Scene, and set on any node which is the
root of a Scene.
/**
     * This field is managed by the Scene, and set on any node which is the
     * root of a Scene.
     */
    private boolean sceneRoot = false;

    
Keeps track of whether this node is a layout root. This is updated
whenever the sceneRoot field changes, or whenever the managed
property changes.
/**
     * Keeps track of whether this node is a layout root. This is updated
     * whenever the sceneRoot field changes, or whenever the managed
     * property changes.
     */
    boolean layoutRoot = false;
    @Override final void notifyManagedChanged() {
        layoutRoot = !isManaged() || sceneRoot;
    }

    final boolean isSceneRoot() {
        return sceneRoot;
    }

    /***********************************************************************
     *                                                                     *
     *                         Stylesheet Handling                         *
     *                                                                     *
     **********************************************************************/


    
A ObservableList of string URLs linking to the stylesheets to use with this scene's
contents. For additional information about using CSS with the
scene graph, see the CSS Reference
Guide.
/**
     * A ObservableList of string URLs linking to the stylesheets to use with this scene's
     * contents. For additional information about using CSS with the
     * scene graph, see the <a href="doc-files/cssref.html">CSS Reference
     * Guide</a>.
     */
    private final ObservableList<String> stylesheets = new TrackableObservableList<String>() {
        @Override
        protected void onChanged(Change<String> c) {
            final Scene scene = getScene();
            if (scene != null) {

                // Notify the StyleManager if stylesheets change. This Parent's
                // styleManager will get recreated in NodeHelper.processCSS.
                StyleManager.getInstance().stylesheetsChanged(Parent.this, c);

                // RT-9784 - if stylesheet is removed, reset styled properties to
                // their initial value.
                c.reset();
                while(c.next()) {
                    if (c.wasRemoved() == false) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    break; // no point in resetting more than once...
                }

                reapplyCSS();
            }
        }
    };

    
Gets an observable list of string URLs linking to the stylesheets to use with this Parent's contents. See Scene.getStylesheets() for details. 
For additional information about using CSS
with the scene graph, see the CSS Reference
Guide.
Returns:
the list of stylesheets to use with this Parent
Since:
JavaFX 2.1/**
     * Gets an observable list of string URLs linking to the stylesheets to use
     * with this Parent's contents. See {@link Scene#getStylesheets()} for details.
     * <p>For additional information about using CSS
     * with the scene graph, see the <a href="doc-files/cssref.html">CSS Reference
     * Guide</a>.</p>
     *
     * @return the list of stylesheets to use with this Parent
     * @since JavaFX 2.1
     */
    public final ObservableList<String> getStylesheets() { return stylesheets; }

    /*
     * This method recurses up the parent chain until parent is null. As the
     * stack unwinds, if the Parent has stylesheets, they are added to the
     * list.
     *
     * It is possible to override this method to stop the recursion. This allows
     * a Parent to have a set of stylesheets distinct from its Parent.
     *
     * Note: This method MUST only be called via its accessor method.
     */
     // SB-dependency: RT-21247 has been filed to track this
    private List<String> doGetAllParentStylesheets() {

        List<String> list = null;
        final Parent myParent = getParent();
        if (myParent != null) {

            //
            // recurse so that stylesheets of Parents closest to the root are
            // added to the list first. The ensures that declarations for
            // stylesheets further down the tree (closer to the leaf) have
            // a higer ordinal in the cascade.
            //
            list = ParentHelper.getAllParentStylesheets(myParent);
        }

        if (stylesheets != null && stylesheets.isEmpty() == false) {
            if (list == null) {
                list = new ArrayList<String>(stylesheets.size());
            }
            for (int n=0,nMax=stylesheets.size(); n<nMax; n++) {
                list.add(stylesheets.get(n));
            }
        }

        return list;

    }

    /*
     * Note: This method MUST only be called via its accessor method.
     */
    private void doProcessCSS() {

        // Nothing to do...
        if (cssFlag == CssFlags.CLEAN) return;

        // RT-29254 - If DIRTY_BRANCH, pass control to Node#processCSS. This avoids calling NodeHelper.processCSS on
        // this node and all of its children when css doesn't need updated, recalculated, or reapplied.
        if (cssFlag == CssFlags.DIRTY_BRANCH) {
            super.processCSS();
            return;
        }

        // Let the super implementation handle CSS for this node
        ParentHelper.superProcessCSS(this);

        // avoid the following call to children.toArray if there are no children
        if (children.isEmpty()) return;

        //
        // RT-33103
        //
        // It is possible for a child to be removed from children in the middle of
        // the following loop. Iterating over the children may result in an IndexOutOfBoundsException.
        // So a copy is made and the copy is iterated over.
        //
        // Note that we don't want the fail-fast feature of an iterator, not to mention the general iterator overhead.
        //
        final Node[] childArray = children.toArray(new Node[children.size()]);

        // For each child, process CSS
        for (int i=0; i<childArray.length; i++) {

            final Node child = childArray[i];

            //  If a child no longer has this as its parent, then it is skipped.
            final Parent childParent = child.getParent();
            if (childParent == null || childParent != this) continue;

            // If the parent styles are being updated, recalculated or
            // reapplied, then make sure the children get the same treatment.
            // Unless the child is already more dirty than this parent (RT-29074).
            if(CssFlags.UPDATE.compareTo(child.cssFlag) > 0) {
                child.cssFlag = CssFlags.UPDATE;
            }
            NodeHelper.processCSS(child);
        }
    }

    
                              Misc                                  *
                                                                    *
 Initialization and other functions                                 *
                                                                    *
/***********************************************************************
     *                               Misc                                  *
     *                                                                     *
     *  Initialization and other functions                                 *
     *                                                                     *
     **********************************************************************/
    {
        // To initialize the class helper at the begining each constructor of this class
        ParentHelper.initHelper(this);
    }

    
Constructs a new Parent. /**
     * Constructs a new {@code Parent}.
     */
    protected Parent() {
        layoutFlag = LayoutFlags.NEEDS_LAYOUT;
        setAccessibleRole(AccessibleRole.PARENT);
    }

    private NGNode doCreatePeer() {
        return new NGGroup();
    }

    @Override
    void nodeResolvedOrientationChanged() {
        for (int i = 0, max = children.size(); i < max; ++i) {
            children.get(i).parentResolvedOrientationInvalidated();
        }
    }

    
                                                                        *
                        Bounds Computations                             *
                                                                        *
 This code originated in GroupBoundsHelper (part of javafx-sg-common)   *
 but has been ported here to the FX side since we cannot rely on the PG *
 side for computing the bounds (due to the decoupling of the two        *
 scenegraphs for threading and other purposes).                         *
                                                                        *
 Unfortunately, we cannot simply reuse GroupBoundsHelper without some  *
 major (and hacky) modification due to the fact that GroupBoundsHelper  *
 relies on PG state and we need to do similar things here that rely on  *
 core scenegraph state. Unfortunately, that means we made a port.       *
                                                                        *
/***************************************************************************
     *                                                                         *
     *                         Bounds Computations                             *
     *                                                                         *
     *  This code originated in GroupBoundsHelper (part of javafx-sg-common)   *
     *  but has been ported here to the FX side since we cannot rely on the PG *
     *  side for computing the bounds (due to the decoupling of the two        *
     *  scenegraphs for threading and other purposes).                         *
     *                                                                         *
     *  Unfortunately, we cannot simply reuse GroupBoundsHelper without some  *
     *  major (and hacky) modification due to the fact that GroupBoundsHelper  *
     *  relies on PG state and we need to do similar things here that rely on  *
     *  core scenegraph state. Unfortunately, that means we made a port.       *
     *                                                                         *
     **************************************************************************/

    private BaseBounds tmp = new RectBounds();

    
The cached bounds for the Group. If the cachedBounds are invalid
then we have no history of what the bounds are, or were.
/**
     * The cached bounds for the Group. If the cachedBounds are invalid
     * then we have no history of what the bounds are, or were.
     */
    private BaseBounds cachedBounds = new RectBounds();

    
Indicates that the cachedBounds is invalid (or old) and need to be recomputed.
If cachedBoundsInvalid is true and dirtyChildrenCount is non-zero,
then when we recompute the cachedBounds we can consider the
values in cachedBounds to represent the last valid bounds for the group.
This is useful for several fast paths.
/**
     * Indicates that the cachedBounds is invalid (or old) and need to be recomputed.
     * If cachedBoundsInvalid is true and dirtyChildrenCount is non-zero,
     * then when we recompute the cachedBounds we can consider the
     * values in cachedBounds to represent the last valid bounds for the group.
     * This is useful for several fast paths.
     */
    private boolean cachedBoundsInvalid;

    
The number of dirty children which bounds haven't been incorporated
into the cached bounds yet. Can be used even when dirtyChildren is null.
/**
     * The number of dirty children which bounds haven't been incorporated
     * into the cached bounds yet. Can be used even when dirtyChildren is null.
     */
    private int dirtyChildrenCount;

    
This set is used to track all of the children of this group which are
dirty. It is only used in cases where the number of children is > some
value (currently 10). For very wide trees, this can provide a very
important speed boost. For the sake of memory consumption, this is
null unless the number of children ever crosses the threshold where
it will be activated.
/**
     * This set is used to track all of the children of this group which are
     * dirty. It is only used in cases where the number of children is > some
     * value (currently 10). For very wide trees, this can provide a very
     * important speed boost. For the sake of memory consumption, this is
     * null unless the number of children ever crosses the threshold where
     * it will be activated.
     */
    private ArrayList<Node> dirtyChildren;

    private Node top;
    private Node left;
    private Node bottom;
    private Node right;
    private Node near;
    private Node far;

    private BaseBounds doComputeGeomBounds(BaseBounds bounds, BaseTransform tx) {
        // If we have no children, our bounds are invalid
        if (children.isEmpty()) {
            return bounds.makeEmpty();
        }

        if (tx.isTranslateOrIdentity()) {
            // this is a transform which is only doing translations, or nothing
            // at all (no scales, rotates, or shears)
            // so in this case we can easily use the cached bounds
            if (cachedBoundsInvalid) {
                recomputeBounds();

                if (dirtyChildren != null) {
                    dirtyChildren.clear();
                }
                cachedBoundsInvalid = false;
                dirtyChildrenCount = 0;
            }
            if (!tx.isIdentity()) {
                bounds = bounds.deriveWithNewBounds((float)(cachedBounds.getMinX() + tx.getMxt()),
                                 (float)(cachedBounds.getMinY() + tx.getMyt()),
                                 (float)(cachedBounds.getMinZ() + tx.getMzt()),
                                 (float)(cachedBounds.getMaxX() + tx.getMxt()),
                                 (float)(cachedBounds.getMaxY() + tx.getMyt()),
                                 (float)(cachedBounds.getMaxZ() + tx.getMzt()));
            } else {
                bounds = bounds.deriveWithNewBounds(cachedBounds);
            }

            return bounds;
        } else {
            // there is a scale, shear, or rotation happening, so need to
            // do the full transform!
            double minX = Double.MAX_VALUE, minY = Double.MAX_VALUE, minZ = Double.MAX_VALUE;
            double maxX = Double.MIN_VALUE, maxY = Double.MIN_VALUE, maxZ = Double.MIN_VALUE;
            boolean first = true;
            for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
                final Node node = children.get(i);
                if (node.isVisible()) {
                    bounds = getChildTransformedBounds(node, tx, bounds);
                    // if the bounds of the child are invalid, we don't want
                    // to use those in the remaining computations.
                    if (bounds.isEmpty()) continue;
                    if (first) {
                        minX = bounds.getMinX();
                        minY = bounds.getMinY();
                        minZ = bounds.getMinZ();
                        maxX = bounds.getMaxX();
                        maxY = bounds.getMaxY();
                        maxZ = bounds.getMaxZ();
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        minX = Math.min(bounds.getMinX(), minX);
                        minY = Math.min(bounds.getMinY(), minY);
                        minZ = Math.min(bounds.getMinZ(), minZ);
                        maxX = Math.max(bounds.getMaxX(), maxX);
                        maxY = Math.max(bounds.getMaxY(), maxY);
                        maxZ = Math.max(bounds.getMaxZ(), maxZ);
                    }
                }
            }
            // if "first" is still true, then we didn't have any children with
            // non-empty bounds and thus we must return an empty bounds,
            // otherwise we have non-empty bounds so go for it.
            if (first)
                bounds.makeEmpty();
            else
                bounds = bounds.deriveWithNewBounds((float)minX, (float)minY, (float)minZ,
                        (float)maxX, (float)maxY, (float)maxZ);

            return bounds;
        }
    }

    private void setChildDirty(final Node node, final boolean dirty) {
        if (node.boundsChanged == dirty) {
            return;
        }

        node.boundsChanged = dirty;
        if (dirty) {
            if (dirtyChildren != null) {
                dirtyChildren.add(node);
            }
            ++dirtyChildrenCount;
        } else {
            if (dirtyChildren != null) {
                dirtyChildren.remove(node);
            }
            --dirtyChildrenCount;
        }
    }

    private void childIncluded(final Node node) {
        // assert node.isVisible();
        cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        setChildDirty(node, true);
    }

    // This is called when either the child is actually removed, OR IF IT IS
    // TOGGLED TO BE INVISIBLE. This is because in both cases it needs to be
    // cleared from the state which manages bounds.
    private void childExcluded(final Node node) {
        if (node == left) {
            left = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }
        if (node == top) {
            top = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }
        if (node == near) {
            near = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }
        if (node == right) {
            right = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }
        if (node == bottom) {
            bottom = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }
        if (node == far) {
            far = null;
            cachedBoundsInvalid = true;
        }

        setChildDirty(node, false);
    }

    
Recomputes the bounds from scratch and saves the cached bounds.
/**
     * Recomputes the bounds from scratch and saves the cached bounds.
     */
    private void recomputeBounds() {
        // fast path for case of no children
        if (children.isEmpty()) {
            cachedBounds.makeEmpty();
            return;
        }

        // fast path for case of 1 child
        if (children.size() == 1) {
            Node node = children.get(0);
            node.boundsChanged = false;
            if (node.isVisible()) {
                cachedBounds = getChildTransformedBounds(node, BaseTransform.IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, cachedBounds);
                top = left = bottom = right = near = far = node;
            } else {
                cachedBounds.makeEmpty();
                // no need to null edge nodes here, it was done in childExcluded
                // top = left = bottom = right = near = far = null;
            }
            return;
        }

        if ((dirtyChildrenCount == 0) ||
                !updateCachedBounds(dirtyChildren != null
                                        ? dirtyChildren : children,
                                    dirtyChildrenCount)) {
            // failed to update cached bounds, recreate them
            createCachedBounds(children);
        }
    }

    private final int LEFT_INVALID = 1;
    private final int TOP_INVALID = 1 << 1;
    private final int NEAR_INVALID = 1 << 2;
    private final int RIGHT_INVALID = 1 << 3;
    private final int BOTTOM_INVALID = 1 << 4;
    private final int FAR_INVALID = 1 << 5;

    private boolean updateCachedBounds(final List<Node> dirtyNodes,
                                       int remainingDirtyNodes) {
        // fast path for untransformed bounds calculation
        if (cachedBounds.isEmpty()) {
            createCachedBounds(dirtyNodes);
            return true;
        }

        int invalidEdges = 0;

        if ((left == null) || left.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= LEFT_INVALID;
        }
        if ((top == null) || top.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= TOP_INVALID;
        }
        if ((near == null) || near.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= NEAR_INVALID;
        }
        if ((right == null) || right.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= RIGHT_INVALID;
        }
        if ((bottom == null) || bottom.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= BOTTOM_INVALID;
        }
        if ((far == null) || far.boundsChanged) {
            invalidEdges |= FAR_INVALID;
        }

        // These indicate the bounds of the Group as computed by this
        // function
        float minX = cachedBounds.getMinX();
        float minY = cachedBounds.getMinY();
        float minZ = cachedBounds.getMinZ();
        float maxX = cachedBounds.getMaxX();
        float maxY = cachedBounds.getMaxY();
        float maxZ = cachedBounds.getMaxZ();

        // this checks the newly added nodes first, so if dirtyNodes is the
        // whole children list, we can end early
        for (int i = dirtyNodes.size() - 1; remainingDirtyNodes > 0; --i) {
            final Node node = dirtyNodes.get(i);
            if (node.boundsChanged) {
                // assert node.isVisible();
                node.boundsChanged = false;
                --remainingDirtyNodes;
                tmp = getChildTransformedBounds(node, BaseTransform.IDENTITY_TRANSFORM, tmp);
                if (!tmp.isEmpty()) {
                    float tmpx = tmp.getMinX();
                    float tmpy = tmp.getMinY();
                    float tmpz = tmp.getMinZ();
                    float tmpx2 = tmp.getMaxX();
                    float tmpy2 = tmp.getMaxY();
                    float tmpz2 = tmp.getMaxZ();

                    // If this node forms an edge, then we will set it to be the
                    // node for this edge and update the min/max values
                    if (tmpx <= minX) {
                        minX = tmpx;
                        left = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~LEFT_INVALID;
                    }
                    if (tmpy <= minY) {
                        minY = tmpy;
                        top = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~TOP_INVALID;
                    }
                    if (tmpz <= minZ) {
                        minZ = tmpz;
                        near = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~NEAR_INVALID;
                    }
                    if (tmpx2 >= maxX) {
                        maxX = tmpx2;
                        right = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~RIGHT_INVALID;
                    }
                    if (tmpy2 >= maxY) {
                        maxY = tmpy2;
                        bottom = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~BOTTOM_INVALID;
                    }
                    if (tmpz2 >= maxZ) {
                        maxZ = tmpz2;
                        far = node;
                        invalidEdges &= ~FAR_INVALID;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (invalidEdges != 0) {
            // failed to validate some edges
            return false;
        }

        cachedBounds = cachedBounds.deriveWithNewBounds(minX, minY, minZ,
                                                        maxX, maxY, maxZ);
        return true;
    }

    private void createCachedBounds(final List<Node> fromNodes) {
        // These indicate the bounds of the Group as computed by this function
        float minX, minY, minZ;
        float maxX, maxY, maxZ;

        final int nodeCount = fromNodes.size();
        int i;

        // handle first visible non-empty node
        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; ++i) {
            final Node node = fromNodes.get(i);
            node.boundsChanged = false;
            if (node.isVisible()) {
                tmp = node.getTransformedBounds(
                               tmp, BaseTransform.IDENTITY_TRANSFORM);
                if (!tmp.isEmpty()) {
                    left = top = near = right = bottom = far = node;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (i == nodeCount) {
            left = top = near = right = bottom = far = null;
            cachedBounds.makeEmpty();
            return;
        }

        minX = tmp.getMinX();
        minY = tmp.getMinY();
        minZ = tmp.getMinZ();
        maxX = tmp.getMaxX();
        maxY = tmp.getMaxY();
        maxZ = tmp.getMaxZ();

        // handle remaining visible non-empty nodes
        for (++i; i < nodeCount; ++i) {
            final Node node = fromNodes.get(i);
            node.boundsChanged = false;
            if (node.isVisible()) {
                tmp = node.getTransformedBounds(
                               tmp, BaseTransform.IDENTITY_TRANSFORM);
                if (!tmp.isEmpty()) {
                    final float tmpx = tmp.getMinX();
                    final float tmpy = tmp.getMinY();
                    final float tmpz = tmp.getMinZ();
                    final float tmpx2 = tmp.getMaxX();
                    final float tmpy2 = tmp.getMaxY();
                    final float tmpz2 = tmp.getMaxZ();

                    if (tmpx < minX) { minX = tmpx; left = node; }
                    if (tmpy < minY) { minY = tmpy; top = node; }
                    if (tmpz < minZ) { minZ = tmpz; near = node; }
                    if (tmpx2 > maxX) { maxX = tmpx2; right = node; }
                    if (tmpy2 > maxY) { maxY = tmpy2; bottom = node; }
                    if (tmpz2 > maxZ) { maxZ = tmpz2; far = node; }
                }
            }
        }

        cachedBounds = cachedBounds.deriveWithNewBounds(minX, minY, minZ,
                                                        maxX, maxY, maxZ);
    }

    
Updates the bounds of this Parent and its children. /**
     * Updates the bounds of this {@code Parent} and its children.
     */
    @Override protected void updateBounds() {
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            children.get(i).updateBounds();
        }
        super.updateBounds();
    }

    // Note: this marks the currently processed child in terms of transformed bounds. In rare situations like
    // in RT-37879, it might happen that the child bounds will be marked as invalid. Due to optimizations,
    // the invalidation must *always* be propagated to the parent, because the parent with some transformation
    // calls child's getTransformedBounds non-idenitity transform and the child's transformed bounds are thus not validated.
    // This does not apply to the call itself however, because the call will yield the correct result even if something
    // was invalidated during the computation. We can safely ignore such invalidations from that Node in this case
    private Node currentlyProcessedChild;

    private BaseBounds getChildTransformedBounds(Node node, BaseTransform tx, BaseBounds bounds) {
        currentlyProcessedChild = node;
        bounds = node.getTransformedBounds(bounds, tx);
        currentlyProcessedChild = null;
        return bounds;
    }

    
Called by Node whenever its bounds have changed.
/**
     * Called by Node whenever its bounds have changed.
     */
    void childBoundsChanged(Node node) {
        // See comment above at "currentlyProcessedChild" field
        if (node == currentlyProcessedChild) {
            return;
        }

        cachedBoundsInvalid = true;

        // mark the node such that the parent knows that the child's bounds
        // are not in sync with this parent. In this way, when the bounds
        // need to be computed, we'll come back and figure out the new bounds
        // for all the children which have boundsChanged set to true
        setChildDirty(node, true);

        // go ahead and indicate that the geom has changed for this parent,
        // even though once we figure it all out it may be that the bounds
        // have not changed
        NodeHelper.geomChanged(this);
    }

    
Called by node whenever the visibility of the node changes.
/**
     * Called by node whenever the visibility of the node changes.
     */
    void childVisibilityChanged(Node node) {
        if (node.isVisible()) {
            childIncluded(node);
        } else {
            childExcluded(node);
        }

        NodeHelper.geomChanged(this);
    }

    /*
     * Note: This method MUST only be called via its accessor method.
     */
    private boolean doComputeContains(double localX, double localY) {
        final Point2D tempPt = TempState.getInstance().point;
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node node = children.get(i);
            tempPt.x = (float)localX;
            tempPt.y = (float)localY;
            try {
                node.parentToLocal(tempPt);
            } catch (NoninvertibleTransformException e) {
                continue;
            }
            if (node.contains(tempPt.x, tempPt.y)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    
{@inheritDoc} /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public Object queryAccessibleAttribute(AccessibleAttribute attribute, Object... parameters) {
        switch (attribute) {
            case CHILDREN: return getChildrenUnmodifiable();
            default: return super.queryAccessibleAttribute(attribute, parameters);
        }
    }

    void releaseAccessible() {
        for (int i=0, max=children.size(); i<max; i++) {
            final Node node = children.get(i);
            node.releaseAccessible();
        }
        super.releaseAccessible();
    }

    
Note: The only user of this method is in unit test: Parent_structure_sync_Test.
/**
     * Note: The only user of this method is in unit test: Parent_structure_sync_Test.
     */
    List<Node> test_getRemoved() {
        return removed;
    }

    
Note: The only user of this method is in unit test:
Parent_viewOrderChildren_sync_Test.
/**
     * Note: The only user of this method is in unit test:
     * Parent_viewOrderChildren_sync_Test.
     */
    List<Node> test_getViewOrderChildren() {
        return viewOrderChildren;
    }
}