BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
Version: EPL 2.0/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
The contents of this file are subject to the Eclipse Public
License Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
the License at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v20.html
Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
implied. See the License for the specific language governing
rights and limitations under the License.
Copyright (C) 2006 Ola Bini 
Copyright (C) 2006 Ryan Bell 
Copyright (C) 2007 Thomas E Enebo 
Copyright (C) 2008 Vladimir Sizikov 
Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
either of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"),
or the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead
of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to
use your version of this file under the terms of the EPL, indicate your
decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice
and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete
the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under
the terms of any one of the EPL, the GPL or the LGPL.
END LICENSE BLOCK /***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
 * Version: EPL 2.0/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Eclipse Public
 * License Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file
 * except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v20.html
 *
 * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS
 * IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or
 * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * rights and limitations under the License.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Ola Bini <ola@ologix.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Ryan Bell <ryan.l.bell@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Thomas E Enebo <enebo@acm.org>
 * Copyright (C) 2008 Vladimir Sizikov <vsizikov@gmail.com>
 *
 * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
 * either of the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"),
 * or the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
 * in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead
 * of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
 * under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to
 * use your version of this file under the terms of the EPL, indicate your
 * decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice
 * and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete
 * the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under
 * the terms of any one of the EPL, the GPL or the LGPL.
 ***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****/

package org.jruby.ext.stringio;

import org.jcodings.Encoding;
import org.jcodings.specific.ASCIIEncoding;
import org.jruby.*;
import org.jruby.anno.FrameField;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
import org.jruby.ast.util.ArgsUtil;
import org.jruby.java.addons.IOJavaAddons;
import org.jruby.runtime.Arity;
import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
import org.jruby.runtime.Helpers;
import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;
import org.jruby.runtime.builtin.IRubyObject;
import org.jruby.runtime.encoding.EncodingCapable;
import org.jruby.runtime.marshal.DataType;
import org.jruby.util.ArraySupport;
import org.jruby.util.ByteList;
import org.jruby.util.StringSupport;
import org.jruby.util.TypeConverter;
import org.jruby.util.io.EncodingUtils;
import org.jruby.util.io.Getline;
import org.jruby.util.io.ModeFlags;
import org.jruby.util.io.OpenFile;

import java.util.Arrays;

import static org.jruby.RubyEnumerator.enumeratorize;
import static org.jruby.runtime.Visibility.PRIVATE;

@JRubyClass(name="StringIO")
public class StringIO extends RubyObject implements EncodingCapable, DataType {
    static class StringIOData {
        
ATTN: the value of internal might be reset to null
(during StringIO.open with block), so watch out for that.
/**
         * ATTN: the value of internal might be reset to null
         * (during StringIO.open with block), so watch out for that.
         */
        RubyString string;
        Encoding enc;
        int pos;
        int lineno;
        int flags;
    }
    StringIOData ptr;

    private static final int STRIO_READABLE = ObjectFlags.STRIO_READABLE;
    private static final int STRIO_WRITABLE = ObjectFlags.STRIO_WRITABLE;
    private static final int STRIO_READWRITE = (STRIO_READABLE | STRIO_WRITABLE);

    private static ObjectAllocator STRINGIO_ALLOCATOR = new ObjectAllocator() {
            public IRubyObject allocate(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klass) {
            return new StringIO(runtime, klass);
        }
    };

    public static RubyClass createStringIOClass(final Ruby runtime) {
        RubyClass stringIOClass = runtime.defineClass(
                "StringIO", runtime.getData(), STRINGIO_ALLOCATOR);

        stringIOClass.defineAnnotatedMethods(StringIO.class);
        stringIOClass.includeModule(runtime.getEnumerable());

        if (runtime.getObject().isConstantDefined("Java")) {
            stringIOClass.defineAnnotatedMethods(IOJavaAddons.AnyIO.class);
        }

        RubyModule genericReadable = runtime.getIO().defineOrGetModuleUnder("GenericReadable");
        genericReadable.defineAnnotatedMethods(GenericReadable.class);
        stringIOClass.includeModule(genericReadable);

        RubyModule genericWritable = runtime.getIO().defineOrGetModuleUnder("GenericWritable");
        genericWritable.defineAnnotatedMethods(GenericWritable.class);
        stringIOClass.includeModule(genericWritable);

        return stringIOClass;
    }

    // mri: get_enc
    public Encoding getEncoding() {
        return ptr.enc != null ? ptr.enc : ptr.string.getEncoding();
    }

    public void setEncoding(Encoding enc) {
        ptr.enc = enc;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "new", rest = true, meta = true)
    public static IRubyObject newInstance(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject[] args, Block block) {
        return RubyIO.newInstance(context, recv, args, block);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(meta = true, rest = true)
    public static IRubyObject open(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject recv, IRubyObject[] args, Block block) {
        StringIO strio = (StringIO)((RubyClass)recv).newInstance(context, args, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
        IRubyObject val = strio;

        if (block.isGiven()) {
            try {
                val = block.yield(context, strio);
            } finally {
                strio.ptr.string = null;
                strio.flags &= ~STRIO_READWRITE;
            }
        }
        return val;
    }

    protected StringIO(Ruby runtime, RubyClass klass) {
        super(runtime, klass);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(optional = 2, visibility = PRIVATE)
    public IRubyObject initialize(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        if (ptr == null) {
            ptr = new StringIOData();
        }

        // does not dispatch quite right and is not really necessary for us
        //Helpers.invokeSuper(context, this, metaClass, "initialize", IRubyObject.NULL_ARRAY, Block.NULL_BLOCK);
        strioInit(context, args);
        return this;
    }

    // MRI: strio_init
    private void strioInit(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        RubyString string;
        IRubyObject mode;

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            switch (args.length) {
                case 2:
                    mode = args[1];
                    final boolean trunc;
                    if (mode instanceof RubyFixnum) {
                        int flags = RubyFixnum.fix2int(mode);
                        ptr.flags = ModeFlags.getOpenFileFlagsFor(flags);
                        trunc = (flags & ModeFlags.TRUNC) != 0;
                    } else {
                        String m = args[1].convertToString().toString();
                        ptr.flags = OpenFile.ioModestrFmode(runtime, m);
                        trunc = m.length() > 0 && m.charAt(0) == 'w';
                    }
                    string = args[0].convertToString();
                    if ((ptr.flags & OpenFile.WRITABLE) != 0 && string.isFrozen()) {
                        throw runtime.newErrnoEACCESError("Permission denied");
                    }
                    if (trunc) {
                        string.resize(0);
                    }
                    break;
                case 1:
                    string = args[0].convertToString();
                    ptr.flags = string.isFrozen() ? OpenFile.READABLE : OpenFile.READWRITE;
                    break;
                case 0:
                    string = RubyString.newEmptyString(runtime, runtime.getDefaultExternalEncoding());
                    ptr.flags = OpenFile.READWRITE;
                    break;
                default:
                    throw runtime.newArgumentError(args.length, 2);
            }

            ptr.string = string;
            ptr.enc = null;
            ptr.pos = 0;
            ptr.lineno = 0;
            // funky way of shifting readwrite flags into object flags
            flags |= (ptr.flags & OpenFile.READWRITE) * (STRIO_READABLE / OpenFile.READABLE);
        }
    }

    // MRI: strio_copy
    @JRubyMethod(visibility = PRIVATE)
    public IRubyObject initialize_copy(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject other) {
        StringIO otherIO = (StringIO) TypeConverter.convertToType(other,
                context.runtime.getClass("StringIO"), "to_strio");

        if (this == otherIO) return this;

        ptr = otherIO.ptr;
        infectBy(otherIO);
        flags &= ~STRIO_READWRITE;
        flags |= otherIO.flags & STRIO_READWRITE;

        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject binmode(ThreadContext context) {
        ptr.enc = EncodingUtils.ascii8bitEncoding(context.runtime);
        if (writable()) ptr.string.setEncoding(ptr.enc);

        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "flush")
    public IRubyObject strio_self() {
        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"fcntl"}, rest = true)
    public IRubyObject strio_unimpl(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        throw context.runtime.newNotImplementedError("");
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"fsync"})
    public IRubyObject strioZero(ThreadContext context) {
        return RubyFixnum.zero(context.runtime);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"sync="})
    public IRubyObject strioFirst(IRubyObject arg) {
        checkInitialized();
        return arg;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"isatty", "tty?"})
    public IRubyObject strioFalse(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.fals;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"pid", "fileno"})
    public IRubyObject strioNil(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject close(ThreadContext context) {
        checkInitialized();
        if ( closed() ) return context.nil;

        // NOTE: This is 2.0 behavior to allow dup'ed StringIO to remain open when original is closed
        flags &= ~STRIO_READWRITE;

        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "closed?")
    public IRubyObject closed_p() {
        checkInitialized();
        return getRuntime().newBoolean(closed());
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject close_read(ThreadContext context) {
        // ~ checkReadable() :
        checkInitialized();
        if ( (ptr.flags & OpenFile.READABLE) == 0 ) {
            throw context.runtime.newIOError("not opened for reading");
        }
        if ( ( flags & STRIO_READABLE ) != 0 ) {
            flags &= ~STRIO_READABLE;
        }
        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "closed_read?")
    public IRubyObject closed_read_p() {
        checkInitialized();
        return getRuntime().newBoolean(!readable());
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject close_write(ThreadContext context) {
        // ~ checkWritable() :
        checkInitialized();
        if ( (ptr.flags & OpenFile.WRITABLE) == 0 ) {
            throw context.runtime.newIOError("not opened for writing");
        }
        if ( ( flags & STRIO_WRITABLE ) != 0 ) {
            flags &= ~STRIO_WRITABLE;
        }
        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "closed_write?")
    public IRubyObject closed_write_p() {
        checkInitialized();
        return getRuntime().newBoolean(!writable());
    }

    // MRI: strio_each
    @JRubyMethod(name = "each", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each");

        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_YIELD, this, getEncoding(), 0, null, null, null, block);
    }

    // MRI: strio_each
    @JRubyMethod(name = "each", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each", arg0);

        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_YIELD, this, getEncoding(), 1, arg0, null, null, block);
    }

    // MRI: strio_each
    @JRubyMethod(name = "each", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each", Helpers.arrayOf(arg0, arg1));

        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_YIELD, this, getEncoding(), 2, arg0, arg1, null, block);
    }

    // MRI: strio_each
    @JRubyMethod(name = "each")
    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, IRubyObject arg2, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each", Helpers.arrayOf(arg0, arg1, arg2));

        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_YIELD, this, getEncoding(), 3, arg0, arg1, arg2, block);
    }

    public IRubyObject each(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each", args);
        switch (args.length) {
            case 0:
                return each(context, block);
            case 1:
                return each(context, args[0], block);
            case 2:
                return each(context, args[0], args[1], block);
            case 3:
                return each(context, args[0], args[1], args[2], block);
            default:
                Arity.raiseArgumentError(context, args.length, 0, 3);
                throw new AssertionError("BUG");
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_line")
    public IRubyObject each_line(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line");

        return each(context, block);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_line")
    public IRubyObject each_line(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line", arg0);

        return each(context, arg0, block);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_line")
    public IRubyObject each_line(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line", arg0, arg1);

        return each(context, arg0, arg1, block);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_line")
    public IRubyObject each_line(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, IRubyObject arg2, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line", arg0, arg1, arg2);

        return each(context, arg0, arg1, arg2, block);
    }

    public IRubyObject each_line(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line", args);
        switch (args.length) {
            case 0:
                return each_line(context, block);
            case 1:
                return each_line(context, args[0], block);
            case 2:
                return each_line(context, args[0], args[1], block);
            case 3:
                return each_line(context, args[0], args[1], args[2], block);
            default:
                Arity.raiseArgumentError(context, args.length, 0, 3);
                throw new AssertionError("BUG");
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "lines", optional = 2)
    public IRubyObject lines(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args, Block block) {
        context.runtime.getWarnings().warn("StringIO#lines is deprecated; use #each_line instead");
        return block.isGiven() ? each(context, args, block) : enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_line", args);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"each_byte", "bytes"})
    public IRubyObject each_byte(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_byte");

        checkReadable();

        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ByteList bytes = ptr.string.getByteList();

            // Check the length every iteration, since
            // the block can modify this string.
            while (ptr.pos < bytes.length()) {
                block.yield(context, runtime.newFixnum(bytes.get(ptr.pos++) & 0xFF));
            }
        }

        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject each_char(final ThreadContext context, final Block block) {
        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(context.runtime, this, "each_char");

        IRubyObject c;
        while (!(c = getc(context)).isNil()) {
            block.yieldSpecific(context, c);
        }
        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject chars(final ThreadContext context, final Block block) {
        context.runtime.getWarnings().warn("StringIO#chars is deprecated; use #each_char instead");

        return each_char(context, block);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"eof", "eof?"})
    public IRubyObject eof(ThreadContext context) {
        checkReadable();
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        if (ptr.pos < ptr.string.size()) return runtime.getFalse();
        return runtime.getTrue();
    }

    private boolean isEndOfString() {
        return ptr.pos >= ptr.string.size();
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "getc")
    public IRubyObject getc(ThreadContext context) {
        checkReadable();

        if (isEndOfString()) return context.nil;

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            int start = ptr.pos;
            int total = 1 + StringSupport.bytesToFixBrokenTrailingCharacter(ptr.string.getByteList(), start + 1);

            ptr.pos += total;

            return context.runtime.newString(ptr.string.getByteList().makeShared(start, total));
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "getbyte")
    public IRubyObject getbyte(ThreadContext context) {
        checkReadable();

        if (isEndOfString()) return context.nil;

        int c;
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;
        synchronized (ptr) {
            c = ptr.string.getByteList().get(this.ptr.pos++) & 0xFF;
        }

        return context.runtime.newFixnum(c);
    }

    private RubyString strioSubstr(Ruby runtime, int pos, int len, Encoding enc) {
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            final RubyString string = ptr.string;
            final ByteList stringBytes = string.getByteList();
            int rlen = string.size() - pos;

            if (len > rlen) len = rlen;
            if (len < 0) len = 0;

            if (len == 0) return RubyString.newEmptyString(runtime, enc);
            string.setByteListShared(); // we only share the byte[] buffer but its easier this way
            return RubyString.newStringShared(runtime, stringBytes.getUnsafeBytes(), stringBytes.getBegin() + pos, len, enc);
        }
    }

    private static final int CHAR_BIT = 8;

    private static void bm_init_skip(int[] skip, byte[] pat, int patPtr, int m) {
        int c;

        for (c = 0; c < (1 << CHAR_BIT); c++) {
            skip[c] = m;
        }
        while ((--m) > 0) {
            skip[pat[patPtr++]] = m;
        }
    }

    // Note that this is substantially more complex in 2.0 (Onigmo)
    private static int bm_search(byte[] little, int lstart, int llen, byte[] big, int bstart, int blen, int[] skip) {
        int i, j, k;

        i = llen - 1;
        while (i < blen) {
            k = i;
            j = llen - 1;
            while (j >= 0 && big[k + bstart] == little[j + lstart]) {
                k--;
                j--;
            }
            if (j < 0) return k + 1;
            i += skip[big[i + bstart] & 0xFF];
        }
        return -1;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "gets", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject gets(ThreadContext context) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE, this, getEncoding());
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "gets", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject gets(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE, this, getEncoding(), arg0);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "gets", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject gets(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE, this, getEncoding(), arg0, arg1);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "gets", writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
    public IRubyObject gets(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, IRubyObject arg2) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE, this, getEncoding(), arg0, arg1, arg2);
    }

    public IRubyObject gets(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        switch (args.length) {
            case 0:
                return gets(context);
            case 1:
                return gets(context, args[0]);
            case 2:
                return gets(context, args[0], args[1]);
            case 3:
                return gets(context, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
            default:
                Arity.raiseArgumentError(context, args.length, 0, 3);
                throw new AssertionError("BUG");
        }
    }

    private static final Getline.Callback<StringIO, IRubyObject> GETLINE = new Getline.Callback<StringIO, IRubyObject>() {
        @Override
        public IRubyObject getline(ThreadContext context, StringIO self, IRubyObject rs, int limit, boolean chomp, Block block) {
            if (limit == 0) {
                return RubyString.newEmptyString(context.runtime, self.getEncoding());
            }

            IRubyObject result = self.getline(context, rs, limit, chomp);

            context.setLastLine(result);

            return result;
        }
    };

    private static final Getline.Callback<StringIO, StringIO> GETLINE_YIELD = new Getline.Callback<StringIO, StringIO>() {
        @Override
        public StringIO getline(ThreadContext context, StringIO self, IRubyObject rs, int limit, boolean chomp, Block block) {
            IRubyObject line;

            if (limit == 0) {
                throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("invalid limit: 0 for each_line");
            }

            while (!(line = self.getline(context, rs, limit, chomp)).isNil()) {
                block.yieldSpecific(context, line);
            }

            return self;
        }
    };

    private static final Getline.Callback<StringIO, RubyArray> GETLINE_ARY = new Getline.Callback<StringIO, RubyArray>() {
        @Override
        public RubyArray getline(ThreadContext context, StringIO self, IRubyObject rs, int limit, boolean chomp, Block block) {
            RubyArray ary = context.runtime.newArray();
            IRubyObject line;

            if (limit == 0) {
                throw context.runtime.newArgumentError("invalid limit: 0 for readlines");
            }

            while (!(line = self.getline(context, rs, limit, chomp)).isNil()) {
                ary.append(line);
            }

            return ary;
        }
    };

    // strio_getline
    private IRubyObject getline(ThreadContext context, final IRubyObject rs, int limit, boolean chomp) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

        RubyString str;

        checkReadable();

        int n;

        if (isEndOfString()) {
            return context.nil;
        }

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;
        Encoding enc = getEncoding();

        synchronized (ptr) {
            final ByteList string = ptr.string.getByteList();
            final byte[] stringBytes = string.getUnsafeBytes();
            int begin = string.getBegin();
            int s = begin + ptr.pos;
            int e = begin + string.getRealSize();
            int p;
            int w = 0;

            if (limit > 0 && s + limit < e) {
                e = getEncoding().rightAdjustCharHead(stringBytes, s, s + limit, e);
            }
            if (rs == context.nil) {
                if (chomp) {
                    w = chompNewlineWidth(stringBytes, s, e);
                }
                str = strioSubstr(runtime, ptr.pos, e - s - w, enc);
            } else if ((n = ((RubyString) rs).size()) == 0) {
                // this is not an exact port; the original confused me
                // in MRI, the next loop appears to have a complicated boolean to determine the index, but in actuality
                // it just resolves to p (+ 0) as below. We theorize that the MRI logic may have originally been
                // intended to skip all \n and \r, but because p does not get incremented before the \r check that
                // logic never fires. We use the original logic that did not have these strange flaws.
                // See https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/30540c567569d3486ccbf59b59d903d5778f04d5
                p = s;
                while (stringBytes[p] == '\n') {
                    if (++p == e) {
                        return context.nil;
                    }
                }
                s = p;
                while ((p = StringSupport.memchr(stringBytes, p, '\n', e - p)) != -1 && (p != e)) {
                    p += 1;
                    if (p == e) break;

                    if (stringBytes[p] == '\n') {
                        e = p + 1;
                        w = (chomp ? 1 : 0);
                        break;
                    }
            	    else if (stringBytes[p] == '\r' && p < e && stringBytes[p + 1] == '\n') {
                        e = p + 2;
                        w = (chomp ? 2 : 0);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (w == 0 && chomp) {
                    w = chompNewlineWidth(stringBytes, s, e);
                }
                str = strioSubstr(runtime, s - begin, e - s - w, enc);
            } else if (n == 1) {
                RubyString strStr = (RubyString) rs;
                ByteList strByteList = strStr.getByteList();
                if ((p = StringSupport.memchr(stringBytes, s, strByteList.get(0), e - s)) != -1) {
                    e = p + 1;
                    w = (chomp ? ((p > s && stringBytes[p-1] == '\r')?1:0) + 1 : 0);
                }
                str = strioSubstr(runtime, ptr.pos, e - s - w, enc);
            } else {
                if (n < e - s) {
                    RubyString rsStr = (RubyString) rs;
                    ByteList rsByteList = rsStr.getByteList();
                    byte[] rsBytes = rsByteList.getUnsafeBytes();

                    int[] skip = new int[1 << CHAR_BIT];
                    int pos;
                    p = rsByteList.getBegin();
                    bm_init_skip(skip, rsBytes, p, n);
                    if ((pos = bm_search(rsBytes, p, n, stringBytes, s, e - s, skip)) >= 0) {
                        e = s + pos + n;
                    }
                }
                str = strioSubstr(runtime, ptr.pos, e - s - w, enc);
            }
            ptr.pos = e - begin;
            ptr.lineno++;
        }

        return str;
    }

    private static int chompNewlineWidth(byte[] bytes, int s, int e) {
        if (e > s && bytes[--e] == '\n') {
            if (e > s && bytes[--e] == '\r') return 2;
            return 1;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"length", "size"})
    public IRubyObject length() {
        checkInitialized();
        checkFinalized();
        return getRuntime().newFixnum(ptr.string.size());
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "lineno")
    public IRubyObject lineno(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.runtime.newFixnum(ptr.lineno);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "lineno=", required = 1)
    public IRubyObject set_lineno(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        ptr.lineno = RubyNumeric.fix2int(arg);

        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = {"pos", "tell"})
    public IRubyObject pos(ThreadContext context) {
        checkInitialized();

        return context.runtime.newFixnum(ptr.pos);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "pos=", required = 1)
    public IRubyObject set_pos(IRubyObject arg) {
        checkInitialized();

        long p = RubyNumeric.fix2long(arg);

        if (p < 0) throw getRuntime().newErrnoEINVALError(arg.toString());

        if (p > Integer.MAX_VALUE) throw getRuntime().newArgumentError("JRuby does not support StringIO larger than " + Integer.MAX_VALUE + " bytes");

        ptr.pos = (int)p;

        return arg;
    }

    private void strioExtend(int pos, int len) {
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            final int olen = ptr.string.size();
            if (pos + len > olen) {
                ptr.string.resize(pos + len);
                if (pos > olen) {
                    ptr.string.modify19();
                    ByteList ptrByteList = ptr.string.getByteList();
                    // zero the gap
                    Arrays.fill(ptrByteList.getUnsafeBytes(),
                            ptrByteList.getBegin() + olen,
                            ptrByteList.getBegin() + pos,
                            (byte) 0);
                }
            } else {
                ptr.string.modify19();
            }
        }
    }

    // MRI: strio_putc
    @JRubyMethod(name = "putc")
    public IRubyObject putc(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject ch) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        checkWritable();
        IRubyObject str;

        checkModifiable();
        if (ch instanceof RubyString) {
            str = ((RubyString)ch).substr19(runtime, 0, 1);
        }
        else {
            byte c = RubyNumeric.num2chr(ch);
            str = RubyString.newString(runtime, new byte[]{c});
        }
        write(context, str);
        return ch;
    }

    public static final ByteList NEWLINE = ByteList.create("\n");

    @JRubyMethod(name = "read", optional = 2)
    public IRubyObject read(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        checkReadable();

        final Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        IRubyObject str = context.nil;
        int len;
        boolean binary = false;

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;
        final RubyString string;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            switch (args.length) {
                case 2:
                    str = args[1];
                    if (!str.isNil()) {
                        str = str.convertToString();
                        ((RubyString) str).modify();
                    }
                case 1:
                    if (!args[0].isNil()) {
                        len = RubyNumeric.fix2int(args[0]);

                        if (len < 0) {
                            throw runtime.newArgumentError("negative length " + len + " given");
                        }
                        if (len > 0 && isEndOfString()) {
                            if (!str.isNil()) ((RubyString) str).resize(0);
                            return context.nil;
                        }
                        binary = true;
                        break;
                    }
                case 0:
                    len = ptr.string.size();
                    if (len <= ptr.pos) {
                        Encoding enc = binary ? ASCIIEncoding.INSTANCE : getEncoding();
                        if (str.isNil()) {
                            str = runtime.newString();
                        } else {
                            ((RubyString) str).resize(0);
                        }
                        ((RubyString) str).setEncoding(enc);
                        return str;
                    } else {
                        len -= ptr.pos;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    throw runtime.newArgumentError(args.length, 0);
            }

            if (str.isNil()) {
                Encoding enc = binary ? ASCIIEncoding.INSTANCE : getEncoding();
                string = strioSubstr(runtime, ptr.pos, len, enc);
            } else {
                string = (RubyString) str;
                int rest = ptr.string.size() - ptr.pos;
                if (len > rest) len = rest;
                string.resize(len);
                ByteList strByteList = string.getByteList();
                byte[] strBytes = strByteList.getUnsafeBytes();
                ByteList dataByteList = ptr.string.getByteList();
                byte[] dataBytes = dataByteList.getUnsafeBytes();
                System.arraycopy(dataBytes, dataByteList.getBegin() + ptr.pos, strBytes, strByteList.getBegin(), len);
                if (binary) {
                    string.setEncoding(ASCIIEncoding.INSTANCE);
                } else {
                    string.setEncoding(ptr.string.getEncoding());
                }
            }
            ptr.pos += string.size();
        }

        return string;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "readlines")
    public IRubyObject readlines(ThreadContext context) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_ARY, this, getEncoding());
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "readlines")
    public IRubyObject readlines(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_ARY, this, getEncoding(), arg0);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "readlines")
    public IRubyObject readlines(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_ARY, this, getEncoding(), arg0, arg1);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "readlines")
    public IRubyObject readlines(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg0, IRubyObject arg1, IRubyObject arg2) {
        return Getline.getlineCall(context, GETLINE_ARY, this, getEncoding(), arg0, arg1, arg2);
    }

    public IRubyObject readlines(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        switch (args.length) {
            case 0:
                return readlines(context);
            case 1:
                return readlines(context, args[0]);
            case 2:
                return readlines(context, args[0], args[1]);
            case 3:
                return readlines(context, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
            default:
                Arity.raiseArgumentError(context, args.length, 0, 3);
                throw new AssertionError("BUG");
        }
    }

    // MRI: strio_reopen
    @JRubyMethod(name = "reopen", required = 0, optional = 2)
    public IRubyObject reopen(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        checkFrozen();

        if (args.length == 1 && !(args[0] instanceof RubyString)) {
            return initialize_copy(context, args[0]);
        }

        // reset the state
        strioInit(context, args);
        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "rewind")
    public IRubyObject rewind(ThreadContext context) {
        checkInitialized();

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ptr.pos = 0;
            ptr.lineno = 0;
        }

        return RubyFixnum.zero(context.runtime);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(required = 1, optional = 1)
    public IRubyObject seek(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

        checkFrozen();
        checkFinalized();

        int offset = RubyNumeric.num2int(args[0]);
        IRubyObject whence = context.nil;

        if (args.length > 1 && !args[0].isNil()) whence = args[1];

        checkOpen();

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            switch (whence.isNil() ? 0 : RubyNumeric.num2int(whence)) {
                case 0:
                    break;
                case 1:
                    offset += ptr.pos;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    offset += ptr.string.size();
                    break;
                default:
                    throw runtime.newErrnoEINVALError("invalid whence");
            }

            if (offset < 0) throw runtime.newErrnoEINVALError("invalid seek value");

            ptr.pos = offset;
        }

        return RubyFixnum.zero(runtime);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "string=", required = 1)
    public IRubyObject set_string(IRubyObject arg) {
        checkFrozen();
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ptr.flags &= ~OpenFile.READWRITE;
            RubyString str = arg.convertToString();
            ptr.flags = str.isFrozen() ? OpenFile.READABLE : OpenFile.READWRITE;
            ptr.pos = 0;
            ptr.lineno = 0;
            return ptr.string = str;
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "string")
    public IRubyObject string(ThreadContext context) {
        RubyString string = ptr.string;
        if (string == null) return context.nil;

        return string;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "sync")
    public IRubyObject sync(ThreadContext context) {
        checkInitialized();
        return context.tru;
    }

    // only here for the fake-out class in org.jruby
    public IRubyObject sysread(IRubyObject[] args) {
        return GenericReadable.sysread(getRuntime().getCurrentContext(), this, args);
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "truncate", required = 1)
    public IRubyObject truncate(IRubyObject len) {
        checkWritable();

        int l = RubyFixnum.fix2int(len);
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;
        RubyString string = ptr.string;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            int plen = string.size();
            if (l < 0) {
                throw getRuntime().newErrnoEINVALError("negative legnth");
            }
            string.resize(l);
            ByteList buf = string.getByteList();
            if (plen < l) {
                // zero the gap
                Arrays.fill(buf.getUnsafeBytes(), buf.getBegin() + plen, buf.getBegin() + l, (byte) 0);
            }
        }

        return len;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "ungetc")
    public IRubyObject ungetc(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        Encoding enc, enc2;

        checkModifiable();
        checkReadable();

        if (arg.isNil()) return arg;
        if (arg instanceof RubyInteger) {
            int len, cc = RubyNumeric.num2int(arg);
            byte[] buf = new byte[16];

            enc = getEncoding();
            len = enc.codeToMbcLength(cc);
            if (len <= 0) EncodingUtils.encUintChr(context, cc, enc);
            enc.codeToMbc(cc, buf, 0);
            ungetbyteCommon(buf, 0, len);
            return context.nil;
        } else {
            arg = arg.convertToString();
            enc = getEncoding();
            RubyString argStr = (RubyString) arg;
            enc2 = argStr.getEncoding();
            if (enc != enc2 && enc != ASCIIEncoding.INSTANCE) {
                argStr = EncodingUtils.strConvEnc(context, argStr, enc2, enc);
            }
            ByteList argBytes = argStr.getByteList();
            ungetbyteCommon(argBytes.unsafeBytes(), argBytes.begin(), argBytes.realSize());
            return context.nil;
        }
    }

    private void ungetbyteCommon(int c) {
        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ptr.string.modify();
            ptr.pos--;

            ByteList bytes = ptr.string.getByteList();

            if (isEndOfString()) bytes.length(ptr.pos + 1);

            if (ptr.pos == -1) {
                bytes.prepend((byte) c);
                ptr.pos = 0;
            } else {
                bytes.set(ptr.pos, c);
            }
        }
    }

    private void ungetbyteCommon(RubyString ungetBytes) {
        ByteList ungetByteList = ungetBytes.getByteList();
        ungetbyteCommon(ungetByteList.unsafeBytes(), ungetByteList.begin(), ungetByteList.realSize());
    }

    private void ungetbyteCommon(byte[] ungetBytes, int ungetBegin, int ungetLen) {
        final int start; // = ptr.pos;

        if (ungetLen == 0) return;

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ptr.string.modify();

            if (ungetLen > ptr.pos) {
                start = 0;
            } else {
                start = ptr.pos - ungetLen;
            }

            ByteList byteList = ptr.string.getByteList();

            if (isEndOfString()) byteList.length(Math.max(ptr.pos, ungetLen));

            byteList.replace(start, ptr.pos - start, ungetBytes, ungetBegin, ungetLen);

            ptr.pos = start;
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject ungetbyte(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        // TODO: Not a line-by-line port.
        checkReadable();

        if (arg.isNil()) return arg;

        checkModifiable();

        if (arg instanceof RubyFixnum) {
            ungetbyteCommon(RubyNumeric.fix2int(arg));
        } else {
            ungetbyteCommon(arg.convertToString());
        }

        return context.nil;
    }

    // MRI: strio_write
    @JRubyMethod(name = "write")
    public IRubyObject write(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject arg) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        return RubyFixnum.newFixnum(runtime, stringIOWrite(context, runtime, arg));
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "write", required = 1, rest = true)
    public IRubyObject write(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        long len = 0;
        for (IRubyObject arg : args) {
            len += stringIOWrite(context, runtime, arg);
        }
        return RubyFixnum.newFixnum(runtime, len);
    }

    // MRI: strio_write
    private long stringIOWrite(ThreadContext context, Ruby runtime, IRubyObject arg) {
        checkWritable();

        RubyString str = arg.asString();
        int len, olen;

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            final Encoding enc = getEncoding();
            final Encoding encStr = str.getEncoding();
            if (enc != encStr && enc != EncodingUtils.ascii8bitEncoding(runtime)
                    // this is a hack because we don't seem to handle incoming ASCII-8BIT properly in transcoder
                    && encStr != ASCIIEncoding.INSTANCE) {
                str = EncodingUtils.strConvEnc(context, str, encStr, enc);
            }
            final ByteList strByteList = str.getByteList();
            len = str.size();
            if (len == 0) return 0;
            checkModifiable();
            olen = ptr.string.size();
            if ((ptr.flags & OpenFile.APPEND) != 0) {
                ptr.pos = olen;
            }
            if (ptr.pos == olen) {
                EncodingUtils.encStrBufCat(runtime, ptr.string, strByteList, enc);
            } else {
                strioExtend(ptr.pos, len);
                ByteList ptrByteList = ptr.string.getByteList();
                System.arraycopy(strByteList.getUnsafeBytes(), strByteList.getBegin(), ptrByteList.getUnsafeBytes(), ptrByteList.begin() + ptr.pos, len);
            }
            ptr.string.infectBy(str);
            ptr.string.infectBy(this);
            ptr.pos += len;
        }

        return len;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject set_encoding(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject ext_enc) {
        final Encoding enc;
        if ( ext_enc.isNil() ) {
            enc = EncodingUtils.defaultExternalEncoding(context.runtime);
        } else {
            enc = EncodingUtils.rbToEncoding(context, ext_enc);
        }

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            ptr.enc = enc;

            // in read-only mode, StringIO#set_encoding no longer sets the encoding
            RubyString string;
            if (writable() && (string = ptr.string).getEncoding() != enc) {
                string.modify();
                string.setEncoding(enc);
            }
        }

        return this;
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject set_encoding(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject enc, IRubyObject ignored) {
        return set_encoding(context, enc);
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject set_encoding(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject enc, IRubyObject ignored1, IRubyObject ignored2) {
        return set_encoding(context, enc);
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject external_encoding(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.runtime.getEncodingService().convertEncodingToRubyEncoding(getEncoding());
    }

    @JRubyMethod
    public IRubyObject internal_encoding(ThreadContext context) {
        return context.nil;
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "each_codepoint")
    public IRubyObject each_codepoint(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(runtime, this, "each_codepoint");

        checkReadable();

        StringIOData ptr = this.ptr;

        synchronized (ptr) {
            final Encoding enc = getEncoding();
            final ByteList string = ptr.string.getByteList();
            final byte[] stringBytes = string.getUnsafeBytes();
            int begin = string.getBegin();
            for (; ; ) {
                if (ptr.pos >= ptr.string.size()) return this;

                int c = StringSupport.codePoint(runtime, enc, stringBytes, begin + ptr.pos, stringBytes.length);
                int n = StringSupport.codeLength(enc, c);
                block.yield(context, runtime.newFixnum(c));
                ptr.pos += n;
            }
        }
    }

    @JRubyMethod(name = "codepoints")
    public IRubyObject codepoints(ThreadContext context, Block block) {
        Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
        runtime.getWarnings().warn("StringIO#codepoints is deprecated; use #each_codepoint");

        if (!block.isGiven()) return enumeratorize(runtime, this, "each_codepoint");

        return each_codepoint(context, block);
    }

    public static class GenericReadable {
        @JRubyMethod(name = "readchar")
        public static IRubyObject readchar(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self) {
            IRubyObject c = self.callMethod(context, "getc");

            if (c.isNil()) throw context.runtime.newEOFError();

            return c;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "readbyte")
        public static IRubyObject readbyte(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self) {
            IRubyObject b = self.callMethod(context, "getbyte");

            if (b.isNil()) throw context.runtime.newEOFError();

            return b;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "readline", optional = 1, writes = FrameField.LASTLINE)
        public static IRubyObject readline(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            IRubyObject line = self.callMethod(context, "gets", args);

            if (line.isNil()) throw context.runtime.newEOFError();

            return line;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = {"sysread", "readpartial"}, optional = 2)
        public static IRubyObject sysread(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            IRubyObject val = self.callMethod(context, "read", args);

            if (val.isNil()) throw context.runtime.newEOFError();

            return val;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "read_nonblock", required = 1, optional = 2)
        public static IRubyObject read_nonblock(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            final Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

            boolean exception = true;
            IRubyObject opts = ArgsUtil.getOptionsArg(runtime, args);

            if (opts != context.nil) {
                args = ArraySupport.newCopy(args, args.length - 1);
                exception = ArgsUtil.extractKeywordArg(context, (RubyHash) opts, "exception") != context.fals;
            }

            IRubyObject val = self.callMethod(context, "read", args);
            if (val == context.nil) {
                if (!exception) return context.nil;
                throw runtime.newEOFError();
            }

            return val;
        }
    }

    public static class GenericWritable {
        @JRubyMethod(name = "<<", required = 1)
        public static IRubyObject append(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject arg) {
            // Claims conversion is done via 'to_s' in docs.
            self.callMethod(context, "write", arg);

            return self;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "print", rest = true)
        public static IRubyObject print(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            return RubyIO.print(context, self, args);
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "printf", required = 1, rest = true)
        public static IRubyObject printf(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            self.callMethod(context, "write", RubyKernel.sprintf(context, self, args));
            return context.nil;
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "puts", rest = true)
        public static IRubyObject puts(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject maybeIO, IRubyObject[] args) {
            // TODO: This should defer to RubyIO logic, but we don't have puts right there for 1.9
            Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
            if (args.length == 0) {
                RubyIO.write(context, maybeIO, RubyString.newStringShared(runtime, NEWLINE));
                return runtime.getNil();
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                RubyString line = null;

                if (!args[i].isNil()) {
                    IRubyObject tmp = args[i].checkArrayType();
                    if (!tmp.isNil()) {
                        RubyArray arr = (RubyArray) tmp;
                        if (runtime.isInspecting(arr)) {
                            line = runtime.newString("[...]");
                        } else {
                            inspectPuts(context, maybeIO, arr);
                            continue;
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (args[i] instanceof RubyString) {
                            line = (RubyString) args[i];
                        } else {
                            line = args[i].asString();
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (line != null) RubyIO.write(context, maybeIO, line);

                if (line == null || !line.getByteList().endsWith(NEWLINE)) {
                    RubyIO.write(context, maybeIO, RubyString.newStringShared(runtime, NEWLINE));
                }
            }

            return runtime.getNil();
        }

        private static IRubyObject inspectPuts(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject maybeIO, RubyArray array) {
            Ruby runtime = context.runtime;
            try {
                runtime.registerInspecting(array);
                return puts(context, maybeIO, array.toJavaArray());
            }
            finally {
                runtime.unregisterInspecting(array);
            }
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "syswrite", required = 1)
        public static IRubyObject syswrite(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject arg) {
            return RubyIO.write(context, self, arg);
        }

        @JRubyMethod(name = "write_nonblock", required = 1, optional = 1)
        public static IRubyObject syswrite_nonblock(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject self, IRubyObject[] args) {
            Ruby runtime = context.runtime;

            ArgsUtil.getOptionsArg(runtime, args); // ignored as in MRI

            return syswrite(context, self, args[0]);
        }
    }

    public IRubyObject puts(ThreadContext context, IRubyObject[] args) {
        return GenericWritable.puts(context, this, args);
    }

    /* rb: check_modifiable */
    public void checkFrozen() {
        super.checkFrozen();
        checkInitialized();
    }

    private boolean readable() {
        return (flags & STRIO_READABLE) != 0
                && (ptr.flags & OpenFile.READABLE) != 0;
    }

    private boolean writable() {
        return (flags & STRIO_WRITABLE) != 0
                && (ptr.flags & OpenFile.WRITABLE) != 0;
    }

    private boolean closed() {
        return !((flags & STRIO_READWRITE) != 0
                && (ptr.flags & OpenFile.READWRITE) != 0);
    }

    /* rb: readable */
    private void checkReadable() {
        checkInitialized();
        if (!readable()) {
            throw getRuntime().newIOError("not opened for reading");
        }
    }

    /* rb: writable */
    private void checkWritable() {
        checkInitialized();
        if (!writable()) {
            throw getRuntime().newIOError("not opened for writing");
        }

        // Tainting here if we ever want it. (secure 4)
    }

    private void checkModifiable() {
        checkFrozen();
        if (ptr.string.isFrozen()) throw getRuntime().newIOError("not modifiable string");
    }

    private void checkInitialized() {
        if (ptr == null) {
            throw getRuntime().newIOError("uninitialized stream");
        }
    }

    private void checkFinalized() {
        if (ptr.string == null) {
            throw getRuntime().newIOError("not opened");
        }
    }

    private void checkOpen() {
        if (closed()) {
            throw getRuntime().newIOError(RubyIO.CLOSED_STREAM_MSG);
        }
    }
}