/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.glassfish.grizzly.http.util;

import org.glassfish.grizzly.Buffer;

This class implements some basic ASCII character handling functions.
Author:
dac@eng.sun.com, James Todd [gonzo@eng.sun.com]/**
 * This class implements some basic ASCII character handling functions.
 *
 * @author dac@eng.sun.com
 * @author James Todd [gonzo@eng.sun.com]
 */
public final class Ascii {
    private static final long INT_OVERFLOW_LIMIT = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10;
    private static final long LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT = Long.MAX_VALUE / 10;

    
All possible chars for representing a number as a String
/**
     * All possible chars for representing a number as a String
     */
    final static char[] digits = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o',
            'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };

    
Returns the upper case equivalent of the specified ASCII character.
/**
     * Returns the upper case equivalent of the specified ASCII character.
     */
    public static int toUpper(int c) {
        return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ? c + 'A' - 'a' : c & 0xff;
    }

    
Converts passed bytes (representing ASCII characters) to the upper case equivalent.
/**
     * Converts passed bytes (representing ASCII characters) to the upper case equivalent.
     */
    public static void toUpper(final byte[] bytes) {
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            byte b = bytes[i];
            bytes[i] = (byte) (b >= 'a' && b <= 'z' ? b + 'A' - 'a' : b);
        }
    }

    
Returns the lower case equivalent of the specified ASCII character.
/**
     * Returns the lower case equivalent of the specified ASCII character.
     */
    public static int toLower(int c) {
        return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ? c - 'A' + 'a' : c & 0xff;
    }

    
Converts passed bytes (representing ASCII characters) to the lower case equivalent.
/**
     * Converts passed bytes (representing ASCII characters) to the lower case equivalent.
     */
    public static void toLower(final byte[] bytes) {
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
            byte b = bytes[i];
            bytes[i] = (byte) (b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z' ? b - 'A' + 'a' : b);
        }
    }

    
Returns true if the specified ASCII character is upper or lower case.
/**
     * Returns true if the specified ASCII character is upper or lower case.
     */
    public static boolean isAlpha(int c) {
        return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';
    }

    
Returns true if the specified ASCII character is upper case.
/**
     * Returns true if the specified ASCII character is upper case.
     */
    public static boolean isUpper(int c) {
        return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';
    }

    
Returns true if the specified ASCII character is lower case.
/**
     * Returns true if the specified ASCII character is lower case.
     */
    public static boolean isLower(int c) {
        return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z';
    }

    
Returns true if the specified ASCII character is white space.
/**
     * Returns true if the specified ASCII character is white space.
     */
    public static boolean isWhite(int c) {
        return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n' || c == '\f' || c == '\b';
    }

    
Returns true if the specified ASCII character is a digit.
/**
     * Returns true if the specified ASCII character is a digit.
     */
    public static boolean isDigit(int c) {
        return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
    }

    
Parses an unsigned integer from the specified DataChunk. 
Params:
dataChunk – the DataChunk
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the integer format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned integer from the specified {@link DataChunk}.
     * 
     * @param dataChunk the {@link DataChunk}
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the integer format was invalid
     */
    public static int parseInt(final DataChunk dataChunk) {
        switch (dataChunk.getType()) {
        case Buffer:
            final BufferChunk bc = dataChunk.getBufferChunk();

            return parseInt(bc.getBuffer(), bc.getStart(), bc.getLength());
        case String:
            return Integer.parseInt(dataChunk.toString());
        case Chars:
            final CharChunk cc = dataChunk.getCharChunk();

            return parseInt(cc.getBuffer(), cc.getStart(), cc.getLength());

        default:
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
    }

    
Parses an unsigned integer from the specified part of DataChunk. 
Params:
dataChunk – the DataChunk
offset – the start offset
length – the length
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the integer format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned integer from the specified part of {@link DataChunk}.
     * 
     * @param dataChunk the {@link DataChunk}
     * @param offset the start offset
     * @param length the length
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the integer format was invalid
     */
    public static int parseInt(final DataChunk dataChunk, final int offset, final int length) {

        switch (dataChunk.getType()) {
        case Buffer:
            final BufferChunk bc = dataChunk.getBufferChunk();

            return parseInt(bc.getBuffer(), bc.getStart() + offset, length);
        case String:
            return parseInt(dataChunk.toString(), offset, length);
        case Chars:
            final CharChunk cc = dataChunk.getCharChunk();

            return parseInt(cc.getBuffer(), cc.getStart() + offset, cc.getLength());

        default:
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
    }

    
Parses an unsigned integer from the specified sub-array of bytes.
Params:
b – the bytes to parse
off – the start offset of the bytes
len – the length of the bytes
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the integer format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned integer from the specified sub-array of bytes.
     * 
     * @param b the bytes to parse
     * @param off the start offset of the bytes
     * @param len the length of the bytes
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the integer format was invalid
     */
    public static int parseInt(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        int n = c - '0';

        while (--len > 0) {
            if (!isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
            n = n * 10 + c - '0';
        }

        return n;
    }

    public static int parseInt(char[] b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        int n = c - '0';

        while (--len > 0) {
            if (!isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
            n = n * 10 + c - '0';
        }

        return n;
    }

    
Parses an unsigned int from the specified sub-array of bytes.
Params:
b – the Buffer to parse
off – the start offset of the bytes
len – the length of the bytes
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the long format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned int from the specified sub-array of bytes.
     * 
     * @param b the Buffer to parse
     * @param off the start offset of the bytes
     * @param len the length of the bytes
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the long format was invalid
     */
    public static int parseInt(Buffer b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b.get(off++))) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        int n = c - '0';

        while (--len > 0) {
            if (!isDigit(c = b.get(off++))) {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
            n = n * 10 + c - '0';
        }

        return n;
    }

    public static int parseInt(String s, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (s == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = s.charAt(off++))) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        int n = c - '0';
        while (--len > 0) {
            if (isDigit(c = s.charAt(off++)) && (n < INT_OVERFLOW_LIMIT || n == INT_OVERFLOW_LIMIT && c - '0' < 8)) {
                n = n * 10 + c - '0';
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
        }

        return n;
    }

    
Parses an unsigned long from the specified sub-array of bytes.
Params:
b – the bytes to parse
off – the start offset of the bytes
len – the length of the bytes
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the long format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned long from the specified sub-array of bytes.
     * 
     * @param b the bytes to parse
     * @param off the start offset of the bytes
     * @param len the length of the bytes
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the long format was invalid
     */
    public static long parseLong(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        long n = c - '0';
        while (--len > 0) {
            if (isDigit(c = b[off++]) && (n < LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT || n == LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT && c - '0' < 8)) {
                n = n * 10 + c - '0';
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
        }

        return n;
    }

    public static long parseLong(char[] b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b[off++])) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        long n = c - '0';
        while (--len > 0) {
            if (isDigit(c = b[off++]) && (n < LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT || n == LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT && c - '0' < 8)) {
                n = n * 10 + c - '0';
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
        }

        return n;
    }

    public static long parseLong(String s, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (s == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = s.charAt(off++))) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        long n = c - '0';
        while (--len > 0) {
            if (isDigit(c = s.charAt(off++)) && (n < LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT || n == LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT && c - '0' < 8)) {
                n = n * 10 + c - '0';
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
        }

        return n;
    }

    
Parses an unsigned long from the specified sub-array of bytes.
Params:
b – the Buffer to parse
off – the start offset of the bytes
len – the length of the bytes
Throws:
NumberFormatException – if the long format was invalid/**
     * Parses an unsigned long from the specified sub-array of bytes.
     * 
     * @param b the Buffer to parse
     * @param off the start offset of the bytes
     * @param len the length of the bytes
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the long format was invalid
     */
    public static long parseLong(Buffer b, int off, int len) throws NumberFormatException {
        int c;

        if (b == null || len <= 0 || !isDigit(c = b.get(off++))) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }

        long n = c - '0';
        while (--len > 0) {
            if (isDigit(c = b.get(off++)) && (n < LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT || n == LONG_OVERFLOW_LIMIT && c - '0' < 8)) {
                n = n * 10 + c - '0';
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
        }

        return n;
    }

    public static long parseLong(final DataChunk dataChunk) {
        switch (dataChunk.getType()) {
        case Buffer:
            final BufferChunk bc = dataChunk.getBufferChunk();

            return parseLong(bc.getBuffer(), bc.getStart(), bc.getLength());
        case String:
            return Long.parseLong(dataChunk.toString());
        case Chars:
            final CharChunk cc = dataChunk.getCharChunk();

            return parseLong(cc.getBuffer(), cc.getStart(), cc.getLength());

        default:
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
    }

    public static long parseLong(final DataChunk dataChunk, final int offset, final int length) {

        switch (dataChunk.getType()) {
        case Buffer:
            final BufferChunk bc = dataChunk.getBufferChunk();

            return parseLong(bc.getBuffer(), bc.getStart() + offset, length);
        case String:
            return parseLong(dataChunk.toString(), offset, length);
        case Chars:
            final CharChunk cc = dataChunk.getCharChunk();

            return parseLong(cc.getBuffer(), cc.getStart() + offset, cc.getLength());

        default:
            throw new NullPointerException();
        }
    }

    public static void intToHexString(Buffer buffer, int i) {
        intToUnsignedString(buffer, i, 4);
    }

    
Convert the integer to an unsigned number.
/**
     * Convert the integer to an unsigned number.
     */
    public static void intToUnsignedString(Buffer buffer, int value, int shift) {
        if (value == 0) {
            buffer.put((byte) '0');
            return;
        }

        int currentShift = 32 - shift;

        int radix = 1 << shift;
        int mask = radix - 1 << currentShift;

        boolean initialZeros = true;

        while (mask != 0) {
            final int digit = (value & mask) >>> currentShift;
            if (digit != 0 || !initialZeros) {
                buffer.put((byte) digits[digit]);
                initialZeros = false;
            }

            mask >>>= shift;
            currentShift -= shift;
        }
    }
}