https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/ee4j.grizzly/grizzly-http-server-core: Grizzly Bill of Materials (BOM) (Oracle Corporation) 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
 * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
 *
 * This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
 * Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
 * Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
 * version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
 * https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
 */

package org.glassfish.grizzly.utils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;


A simple service-provider lookup mechanism. A service is a well-known set of interfaces and (usually abstract)
classes. A service provider is a specific implementation of a service. The classes in a provider typically
implement the interfaces and subclass the classes defined in the service itself. Service providers may be installed
in an implementation of the Java platform in the form of extensions, that is, jar files placed into any of the usual
extension directories. Providers may also be made available by adding them to the applet or application class path or
by some other platform-specific means.




In this lookup mechanism a service is represented by an interface or an abstract class. (A concrete class may be
used, but this is not recommended.) A provider of a given service contains one or more concrete classes that extend
this service class with data and code specific to the provider. This provider class will typically not
be the entire provider itself but rather a proxy that contains enough information to decide whether the provider is
able to satisfy a particular request together with code that can create the actual provider on demand. The details of
provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no single class or interface could possibly unify them, so no
such class has been defined. The only requirement enforced here is that provider classes must have a zero-argument
constructor so that they may be instantiated during lookup.




A service provider identifies itself by placing a provider-configuration file in the resource directory
META-INF/services. The file's name should consist of the fully-qualified name of the abstract service class.
The file should contain a list of fully-qualified concrete provider-class names, one per line. Space and tab
characters surrounding each name, as well as blank lines, are ignored. The comment character is '#'
(0x23); on each line all characters following the first comment character are ignored. The file must be
encoded in UTF-8.




If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one configuration file, or is named in the same
configuration file more than once, then the duplicates will be ignored. The configuration file naming a particular
provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution unit as the provider itself. The provider must be
accessible from the same class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file; note that this is
not necessarily the class loader that found the file.




Example: Suppose we have a service class named java.io.spi.CharCodec. It has two abstract methods:



public abstract CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName);
public abstract CharDecoder getDecoder(String encodingName);




Each method returns an appropriate object or null if it cannot translate the given encoding. Typical
CharCodec providers will support more than one encoding.




If glassfish.io.StandardCodec is a provider of the CharCodec service then its jar file would
contain the file META-INF/services/java.io.spi.CharCodec. This file would contain the single line:



  glassfish.io.StandardCodec    # Standard codecs for the platform




To locate an codec for a given encoding name, the internal I/O code would do something like this:



CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName) {
    for (CharCodec cc : ServiceFinder.find(CharCodec.class)) {
        CharEncoder ce = cc.getEncoder(encodingName);
        if (ce != null)
            return ce;
    }
    return null;
}




The provider-lookup mechanism always executes in the security context of the caller. Trusted system code should
typically invoke the methods in this class from within a privileged security context.

Author:Mark Reinhold
Version:1.11, 03/12/19
Since:1.3
/**
 * A simple service-provider lookup mechanism. A <i>service</i> is a well-known set of interfaces and (usually abstract)
 * classes. A <i>service provider</i> is a specific implementation of a service. The classes in a provider typically
 * implement the interfaces and subclass the classes defined in the service itself. Service providers may be installed
 * in an implementation of the Java platform in the form of extensions, that is, jar files placed into any of the usual
 * extension directories. Providers may also be made available by adding them to the applet or application class path or
 * by some other platform-specific means.
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * In this lookup mechanism a service is represented by an interface or an abstract class. (A concrete class may be
 * used, but this is not recommended.) A provider of a given service contains one or more concrete classes that extend
 * this <i>service class</i> with data and code specific to the provider. This <i>provider class</i> will typically not
 * be the entire provider itself but rather a proxy that contains enough information to decide whether the provider is
 * able to satisfy a particular request together with code that can create the actual provider on demand. The details of
 * provider classes tend to be highly service-specific; no single class or interface could possibly unify them, so no
 * such class has been defined. The only requirement enforced here is that provider classes must have a zero-argument
 * constructor so that they may be instantiated during lookup.
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * A service provider identifies itself by placing a provider-configuration file in the resource directory
 * <tt>META-INF/services</tt>. The file's name should consist of the fully-qualified name of the abstract service class.
 * The file should contain a list of fully-qualified concrete provider-class names, one per line. Space and tab
 * characters surrounding each name, as well as blank lines, are ignored. The comment character is <tt>'#'</tt>
 * (<tt>0x23</tt>); on each line all characters following the first comment character are ignored. The file must be
 * encoded in UTF-8.
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * If a particular concrete provider class is named in more than one configuration file, or is named in the same
 * configuration file more than once, then the duplicates will be ignored. The configuration file naming a particular
 * provider need not be in the same jar file or other distribution unit as the provider itself. The provider must be
 * accessible from the same class loader that was initially queried to locate the configuration file; note that this is
 * not necessarily the class loader that found the file.
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * <b>Example:</b> Suppose we have a service class named <tt>java.io.spi.CharCodec</tt>. It has two abstract methods:
 * <p/>
 * 
 * <pre>
 * public abstract CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName);
 * 
 * public abstract CharDecoder getDecoder(String encodingName);
 * </pre>
 * <p/>
 * Each method returns an appropriate object or <tt>null</tt> if it cannot translate the given encoding. Typical
 * <tt>CharCodec</tt> providers will support more than one encoding.
 * <p/>
 * <p>
 * If <tt>glassfish.io.StandardCodec</tt> is a provider of the <tt>CharCodec</tt> service then its jar file would
 * contain the file <tt>META-INF/services/java.io.spi.CharCodec</tt>. This file would contain the single line:
 * <p/>
 * 
 * <pre>
 *   glassfish.io.StandardCodec    # Standard codecs for the platform
 * </pre>
 * <p/>
 * To locate an codec for a given encoding name, the internal I/O code would do something like this:
 * <p/>
 * 
 * <pre>
 * CharEncoder getEncoder(String encodingName) {
 *     for (CharCodec cc : ServiceFinder.find(CharCodec.class)) {
 *         CharEncoder ce = cc.getEncoder(encodingName);
 *         if (ce != null)
 *             return ce;
 *     }
 *     return null;
 * }
 * </pre>
 * <p/>
 * The provider-lookup mechanism always executes in the security context of the caller. Trusted system code should
 * typically invoke the methods in this class from within a privileged security context.
 *
 * @author Mark Reinhold
 * @version 1.11, 03/12/19
 * @since 1.3
 */
public final class ServiceFinder<T> implements Iterable<T> {

    private static final String prefix = "META-INF/services/";

    private final Class<T> serviceClass;
    private final ClassLoader classLoader;

    
Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader.




This method transforms the name of the given service class into a provider-configuration filename as described above
and then uses the getResources method of the given class loader to find all available files with that name.
These files are then read and parsed to produce a list of provider-class names. The iterator that is returned uses
the given class loader to lookup and then instantiate each element of the list.




Because it is possible for extensions to be installed into a running Java virtual machine, this method may return
different results each time it is invoked.



Params:
  • service – The service's abstract service class
  • loader – The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files and instantiate provider classes, or
null if the system class loader (or, failing that the bootstrap class loader) is to be used
Throws:
  • ServiceConfigurationError – If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format or names a provider
class that cannot be found and instantiated
See Also:
/**
     * Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the given class loader.
     * <p/>
     * <p>
     * This method transforms the name of the given service class into a provider-configuration filename as described above
     * and then uses the <tt>getResources</tt> method of the given class loader to find all available files with that name.
     * These files are then read and parsed to produce a list of provider-class names. The iterator that is returned uses
     * the given class loader to lookup and then instantiate each element of the list.
     * <p/>
     * <p>
     * Because it is possible for extensions to be installed into a running Java virtual machine, this method may return
     * different results each time it is invoked.
     * <p>
     *
     * @param service The service's abstract service class
     * @param loader The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration files and instantiate provider classes, or
     * <tt>null</tt> if the system class loader (or, failing that the bootstrap class loader) is to be used
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format or names a provider
     * class that cannot be found and instantiated
     * @see #find(Class)
     */
    public static <T> ServiceFinder<T> find(Class<T> service, ClassLoader loader) {
        return new ServiceFinder<>(service, loader);
    }

    
Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the context class loader.
This convenience method is equivalent to



ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
return Service.providers(service, cl);



Params:
  • service – The service's abstract service class
Throws:
  • ServiceConfigurationError – If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format or names a provider
class that cannot be found and instantiated
See Also:
/**
     * Locates and incrementally instantiates the available providers of a given service using the context class loader.
     * This convenience method is equivalent to
     * <p/>
     * 
     * <pre>
     * ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     * return Service.providers(service, cl);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param service The service's abstract service class
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError If a provider-configuration file violates the specified format or names a provider
     * class that cannot be found and instantiated
     * @see #find(Class, ClassLoader)
     */
    public static <T> ServiceFinder<T> find(Class<T> service) {
        return find(service, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
    }

    private ServiceFinder(Class<T> service, ClassLoader loader) {
        this.serviceClass = service;
        this.classLoader = loader;
    }

    
Returns discovered objects incrementally.

Returns:An Iterator that yields provider objects for the given service, in some arbitrary order. The
iterator will throw a ServiceConfigurationError if a provider-configuration file violates the specified
format or if a provider class cannot be found and instantiated.
/**
     * Returns discovered objects incrementally.
     *
     * @return An <tt>Iterator</tt> that yields provider objects for the given service, in some arbitrary order. The
     * iterator will throw a <tt>ServiceConfigurationError</tt> if a provider-configuration file violates the specified
     * format or if a provider class cannot be found and instantiated.
     */
    @Override
    public Iterator<T> iterator() {
        return new LazyIterator<>(serviceClass, classLoader);
    }

    
Returns discovered objects all at once.

Throws:
Returns:can be empty but never null.
/**
     * Returns discovered objects all at once.
     *
     * @return can be empty but never null.
     *
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public T[] toArray() {
        List<T> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (T t : this) {
            result.add(t);
        }
        return result.toArray((T[]) Array.newInstance(serviceClass, result.size()));
    }

    private static void fail(Class service, String msg, Throwable cause) throws ServiceConfigurationError {
        ServiceConfigurationError sce = new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
        sce.initCause(cause);
        throw sce;
    }

    private static void fail(Class service, String msg) throws ServiceConfigurationError {
        throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
    }

    private static void fail(Class service, URL u, int line, String msg) throws ServiceConfigurationError {
        fail(service, u + ":" + line + ": " + msg);
    }

    
Parse a single line from the given configuration file, adding the name on the line to both the names list and the
returned set iff the name is not already a member of the returned set.

/**
     * Parse a single line from the given configuration file, adding the name on the line to both the names list and the
     * returned set iff the name is not already a member of the returned set.
     */
    private static int parseLine(Class service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc, List<String> names, Set<String> returned)
            throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError {
        String ln = r.readLine();
        if (ln == null) {
            return -1;
        }
        int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
        if (ci >= 0) {
            ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
        }
        ln = ln.trim();
        int n = ln.length();
        if (n != 0) {
            if (ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0 || ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0) {
                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
            }
            int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
            if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp)) {
                fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
            }
            for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
                cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
                if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && cp != '.') {
                    fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
                }
            }
            if (!returned.contains(ln)) {
                names.add(ln);
                returned.add(ln);
            }
        }
        return lc + 1;
    }

    
Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file.

Params:
  • service – The service class for which providers are being sought; used to construct error detail strings
  • u – The URL naming the configuration file to be parsed
  • returned – A Set containing the names of provider classes that have already been returned. This set will be
updated to contain the names that will be yielded from the returned Iterator.
Throws:
  • ServiceConfigurationError – If an I/O error occurs while reading from the given URL, or if a configuration-file
format error is detected
Returns:A (possibly empty) Iterator that will yield the provider-class names in the given configuration file
that are not yet members of the returned set
/**
     * Parse the content of the given URL as a provider-configuration file.
     *
     * @param service The service class for which providers are being sought; used to construct error detail strings
     * @param u The URL naming the configuration file to be parsed
     * @param returned A Set containing the names of provider classes that have already been returned. This set will be
     * updated to contain the names that will be yielded from the returned <tt>Iterator</tt>.
     * @return A (possibly empty) <tt>Iterator</tt> that will yield the provider-class names in the given configuration file
     * that are not yet members of the returned set
     * @throws ServiceConfigurationError If an I/O error occurs while reading from the given URL, or if a configuration-file
     * format error is detected
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({ "empty-statement" })
    private static Iterator<String> parse(Class service, URL u, Set<String> returned) throws ServiceConfigurationError {
        InputStream in = null;
        BufferedReader r = null;
        ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            in = u.openStream();
            r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
            int lc = 1;
            // noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
            while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names, returned)) >= 0) {
                ;
            }
        } catch (IOException x) {
            fail(service, ": " + x);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (r != null) {
                    r.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException y) {
                fail(service, ": " + y);
            }
        }
        return names.iterator();
    }

    
Private inner class implementing fully-lazy provider lookup

/**
     * Private inner class implementing fully-lazy provider lookup
     */
    private static class LazyIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
        final Class<T> service;
        final ClassLoader loader;
        Enumeration<URL> configs = null;
        Iterator<String> pending = null;
        final Set<String> returned = new TreeSet<>();
        String nextName = null;
        URL currentConfig = null;

        private LazyIterator(Class<T> service, ClassLoader loader) {
            this.service = service;
            this.loader = loader;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() throws ServiceConfigurationError {
            if (nextName != null) {
                return true;
            }
            if (configs == null) {
                try {
                    String fullName = prefix + service.getName();
                    if (loader == null) {
                        configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
                    } else {
                        configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
                    }
                } catch (IOException x) {
                    fail(service, ": " + x);
                }
            }
            while (pending == null || !pending.hasNext()) {
                if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
                    return false;
                }
                currentConfig = configs.nextElement();
                pending = parse(service, currentConfig, returned);
            }
            nextName = pending.next();
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        public T next() throws ServiceConfigurationError {
            if (!hasNext()) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            String cn = nextName;
            nextName = null;
            try {
                return service.cast(Class.forName(cn, true, loader).newInstance());
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException x) {
                fail(service, "Provider " + cn + " is specified in " + currentConfig + " but not found");
            } catch (Exception x) {
                fail(service, "Provider " + cn + " is specified in " + currentConfig + "but could not be instantiated: " + x, x);
            }
            return null; /* This cannot happen */
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
    }
}