package org.bouncycastle.pqc.math.linearalgebra;

This class is a utility class for manipulating byte arrays.
/**
 * This class is a utility class for manipulating byte arrays.
 */
public final class ByteUtils
{

    private static final char[] HEX_CHARS = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5',
        '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};

    
Default constructor (private)
/**
     * Default constructor (private)
     */
    private ByteUtils()
    {
        // empty
    }

    
Compare two byte arrays (perform null checks beforehand).
Params:
left –  the first byte array
right – the second byte array
Returns:
the result of the comparison/**
     * Compare two byte arrays (perform null checks beforehand).
     *
     * @param left  the first byte array
     * @param right the second byte array
     * @return the result of the comparison
     */
    public static boolean equals(byte[] left, byte[] right)
    {
        if (left == null)
        {
            return right == null;
        }
        if (right == null)
        {
            return false;
        }

        if (left.length != right.length)
        {
            return false;
        }
        boolean result = true;
        for (int i = left.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            result &= left[i] == right[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Compare two two-dimensional byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
Params:
left –  the first byte array
right – the second byte array
Returns:
the result of the comparison/**
     * Compare two two-dimensional byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
     *
     * @param left  the first byte array
     * @param right the second byte array
     * @return the result of the comparison
     */
    public static boolean equals(byte[][] left, byte[][] right)
    {
        if (left.length != right.length)
        {
            return false;
        }

        boolean result = true;
        for (int i = left.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            result &= ByteUtils.equals(left[i], right[i]);
        }

        return result;
    }

    
Compare two three-dimensional byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
Params:
left –  the first byte array
right – the second byte array
Returns:
the result of the comparison/**
     * Compare two three-dimensional byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
     *
     * @param left  the first byte array
     * @param right the second byte array
     * @return the result of the comparison
     */
    public static boolean equals(byte[][][] left, byte[][][] right)
    {
        if (left.length != right.length)
        {
            return false;
        }

        boolean result = true;
        for (int i = left.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            if (left[i].length != right[i].length)
            {
                return false;
            }
            for (int j = left[i].length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
            {
                result &= ByteUtils.equals(left[i][j], right[i][j]);
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    
Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a one-dimensional byte array
rather than its identity.
Params:
array – the array to compute the hashcode of
Returns:
the hashcode/**
     * Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a one-dimensional byte array
     * rather than its identity.
     *
     * @param array the array to compute the hashcode of
     * @return the hashcode
     */
    public static int deepHashCode(byte[] array)
    {
        int result = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
        {
            result = 31 * result + array[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a two-dimensional byte array
rather than its identity.
Params:
array – the array to compute the hashcode of
Returns:
the hashcode/**
     * Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a two-dimensional byte array
     * rather than its identity.
     *
     * @param array the array to compute the hashcode of
     * @return the hashcode
     */
    public static int deepHashCode(byte[][] array)
    {
        int result = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
        {
            result = 31 * result + deepHashCode(array[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a three-dimensional byte
array rather than its identity.
Params:
array – the array to compute the hashcode of
Returns:
the hashcode/**
     * Computes a hashcode based on the contents of a three-dimensional byte
     * array rather than its identity.
     *
     * @param array the array to compute the hashcode of
     * @return the hashcode
     */
    public static int deepHashCode(byte[][][] array)
    {
        int result = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
        {
            result = 31 * result + deepHashCode(array[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }


    
Return a clone of the given byte array (performs null check beforehand).
Params:
array – the array to clone
Returns:
the clone of the given array, or null if the array is
        null/**
     * Return a clone of the given byte array (performs null check beforehand).
     *
     * @param array the array to clone
     * @return the clone of the given array, or <tt>null</tt> if the array is
     *         <tt>null</tt>
     */
    public static byte[] clone(byte[] array)
    {
        if (array == null)
        {
            return null;
        }
        byte[] result = new byte[array.length];
        System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, 0, array.length);
        return result;
    }

    
Convert a string containing hexadecimal characters to a byte-array.
Params:
s – a hex string
Returns:
a byte array with the corresponding value/**
     * Convert a string containing hexadecimal characters to a byte-array.
     *
     * @param s a hex string
     * @return a byte array with the corresponding value
     */
    public static byte[] fromHexString(String s)
    {
        char[] rawChars = s.toUpperCase().toCharArray();

        int hexChars = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < rawChars.length; i++)
        {
            if ((rawChars[i] >= '0' && rawChars[i] <= '9')
                || (rawChars[i] >= 'A' && rawChars[i] <= 'F'))
            {
                hexChars++;
            }
        }

        byte[] byteString = new byte[(hexChars + 1) >> 1];

        int pos = hexChars & 1;

        for (int i = 0; i < rawChars.length; i++)
        {
            if (rawChars[i] >= '0' && rawChars[i] <= '9')
            {
                byteString[pos >> 1] <<= 4;
                byteString[pos >> 1] |= rawChars[i] - '0';
            }
            else if (rawChars[i] >= 'A' && rawChars[i] <= 'F')
            {
                byteString[pos >> 1] <<= 4;
                byteString[pos >> 1] |= rawChars[i] - 'A' + 10;
            }
            else
            {
                continue;
            }
            pos++;
        }

        return byteString;
    }

    
Convert a byte array to the corresponding hexstring.
Params:
input – the byte array to be converted
Returns:
the corresponding hexstring/**
     * Convert a byte array to the corresponding hexstring.
     *
     * @param input the byte array to be converted
     * @return the corresponding hexstring
     */
    public static String toHexString(byte[] input)
    {
        String result = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
        {
            result += HEX_CHARS[(input[i] >>> 4) & 0x0f];
            result += HEX_CHARS[(input[i]) & 0x0f];
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Convert a byte array to the corresponding hex string.
Params:
input –     the byte array to be converted
prefix –    the prefix to put at the beginning of the hex string
seperator – a separator string
Returns:
the corresponding hex string/**
     * Convert a byte array to the corresponding hex string.
     *
     * @param input     the byte array to be converted
     * @param prefix    the prefix to put at the beginning of the hex string
     * @param seperator a separator string
     * @return the corresponding hex string
     */
    public static String toHexString(byte[] input, String prefix,
                                     String seperator)
    {
        String result = new String(prefix);
        for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
        {
            result += HEX_CHARS[(input[i] >>> 4) & 0x0f];
            result += HEX_CHARS[(input[i]) & 0x0f];
            if (i < input.length - 1)
            {
                result += seperator;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Convert a byte array to the corresponding bit string.
Params:
input – the byte array to be converted
Returns:
the corresponding bit string/**
     * Convert a byte array to the corresponding bit string.
     *
     * @param input the byte array to be converted
     * @return the corresponding bit string
     */
    public static String toBinaryString(byte[] input)
    {
        String result = "";
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
        {
            int e = input[i];
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 8; ii++)
            {
                int b = (e >>> ii) & 1;
                result += b;
            }
            if (i != input.length - 1)
            {
                result += " ";
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Compute the bitwise XOR of two arrays of bytes. The arrays have to be of
same length. No length checking is performed.
Params:
x1 – the first array
x2 – the second array
Returns:
x1 XOR x2/**
     * Compute the bitwise XOR of two arrays of bytes. The arrays have to be of
     * same length. No length checking is performed.
     *
     * @param x1 the first array
     * @param x2 the second array
     * @return x1 XOR x2
     */
    public static byte[] xor(byte[] x1, byte[] x2)
    {
        byte[] out = new byte[x1.length];

        for (int i = x1.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            out[i] = (byte)(x1[i] ^ x2[i]);
        }
        return out;
    }

    
Concatenate two byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
Params:
x1 – the first array
x2 – the second array
Returns:
(x2||x1) (little-endian order, i.e. x1 is at lower memory
        addresses)/**
     * Concatenate two byte arrays. No null checks are performed.
     *
     * @param x1 the first array
     * @param x2 the second array
     * @return (x2||x1) (little-endian order, i.e. x1 is at lower memory
     *         addresses)
     */
    public static byte[] concatenate(byte[] x1, byte[] x2)
    {
        byte[] result = new byte[x1.length + x2.length];

        System.arraycopy(x1, 0, result, 0, x1.length);
        System.arraycopy(x2, 0, result, x1.length, x2.length);

        return result;
    }

    
Convert a 2-dimensional byte array into a 1-dimensional byte array by
concatenating all entries.
Params:
array – a 2-dimensional byte array
Returns:
the concatenated input array/**
     * Convert a 2-dimensional byte array into a 1-dimensional byte array by
     * concatenating all entries.
     *
     * @param array a 2-dimensional byte array
     * @return the concatenated input array
     */
    public static byte[] concatenate(byte[][] array)
    {
        int rowLength = array[0].length;
        byte[] result = new byte[array.length * rowLength];
        int index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
        {
            System.arraycopy(array[i], 0, result, index, rowLength);
            index += rowLength;
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Split a byte array input into two arrays at index,
i.e. the first array will have the lower index bytes, the
second one the higher input.length - index bytes.
Params:
input – the byte array to be split
index – the index where the byte array is split
Throws:
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException – if index is out of bounds
Returns:
the splitted input array as an array of two byte arrays/**
     * Split a byte array <tt>input</tt> into two arrays at <tt>index</tt>,
     * i.e. the first array will have the lower <tt>index</tt> bytes, the
     * second one the higher <tt>input.length - index</tt> bytes.
     *
     * @param input the byte array to be split
     * @param index the index where the byte array is split
     * @return the splitted input array as an array of two byte arrays
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if <tt>index</tt> is out of bounds
     */
    public static byte[][] split(byte[] input, int index)
        throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
    {
        if (index > input.length)
        {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        byte[][] result = new byte[2][];
        result[0] = new byte[index];
        result[1] = new byte[input.length - index];
        System.arraycopy(input, 0, result[0], 0, index);
        System.arraycopy(input, index, result[1], 0, input.length - index);
        return result;
    }

    
Generate a subarray of a given byte array.
Params:
input – the input byte array
start – the start index
end –   the end index
Returns:
a subarray of input, ranging from start
        (inclusively) to end (exclusively)/**
     * Generate a subarray of a given byte array.
     *
     * @param input the input byte array
     * @param start the start index
     * @param end   the end index
     * @return a subarray of <tt>input</tt>, ranging from <tt>start</tt>
     *         (inclusively) to <tt>end</tt> (exclusively)
     */
    public static byte[] subArray(byte[] input, int start, int end)
    {
        byte[] result = new byte[end - start];
        System.arraycopy(input, start, result, 0, end - start);
        return result;
    }

    
Generate a subarray of a given byte array.
Params:
input – the input byte array
start – the start index
Returns:
a subarray of input, ranging from start to
        the end of the array/**
     * Generate a subarray of a given byte array.
     *
     * @param input the input byte array
     * @param start the start index
     * @return a subarray of <tt>input</tt>, ranging from <tt>start</tt> to
     *         the end of the array
     */
    public static byte[] subArray(byte[] input, int start)
    {
        return subArray(input, start, input.length);
    }

    
Rewrite a byte array as a char array
Params:
input – -
             the byte array
Returns:
char array/**
     * Rewrite a byte array as a char array
     *
     * @param input -
     *              the byte array
     * @return char array
     */
    public static char[] toCharArray(byte[] input)
    {
        char[] result = new char[input.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++)
        {
            result[i] = (char)input[i];
        }
        return result;
    }

}