/*
 * ====================================================================
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
 * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
 * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
 * <http://www.apache.org/>.
 *
 */

package org.apache.http.impl.execchain;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.http.ConnectionReuseStrategy;
import org.apache.http.HttpClientConnection;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpException;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.annotation.Contract;
import org.apache.http.annotation.ThreadingBehavior;
import org.apache.http.auth.AUTH;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthProtocolState;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthState;
import org.apache.http.client.AuthenticationStrategy;
import org.apache.http.client.NonRepeatableRequestException;
import org.apache.http.client.UserTokenHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpExecutionAware;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestWrapper;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.BasicRouteDirector;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRouteDirector;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.RouteTracker;
import org.apache.http.entity.BufferedHttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.auth.HttpAuthenticator;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.ConnectionShutdownException;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpCoreContext;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpProcessor;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpRequestExecutor;
import org.apache.http.protocol.ImmutableHttpProcessor;
import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestTargetHost;
import org.apache.http.util.Args;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

The last request executor in the HTTP request execution chain
that is responsible for execution of request / response
exchanges with the opposite endpoint.
This executor will automatically retry the request in case
of an authentication challenge by an intermediate proxy or
by the target server.
Since:
4.3/**
 * The last request executor in the HTTP request execution chain
 * that is responsible for execution of request / response
 * exchanges with the opposite endpoint.
 * This executor will automatically retry the request in case
 * of an authentication challenge by an intermediate proxy or
 * by the target server.
 *
 * @since 4.3
 */
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@Contract(threading = ThreadingBehavior.IMMUTABLE_CONDITIONAL)
public class MainClientExec implements ClientExecChain {

    private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

    private final HttpRequestExecutor requestExecutor;
    private final HttpClientConnectionManager connManager;
    private final ConnectionReuseStrategy reuseStrategy;
    private final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy keepAliveStrategy;
    private final HttpProcessor proxyHttpProcessor;
    private final AuthenticationStrategy targetAuthStrategy;
    private final AuthenticationStrategy proxyAuthStrategy;
    private final HttpAuthenticator authenticator;
    private final UserTokenHandler userTokenHandler;
    private final HttpRouteDirector routeDirector;

    
Since:
4.4/**
     * @since 4.4
     */
    public MainClientExec(
            final HttpRequestExecutor requestExecutor,
            final HttpClientConnectionManager connManager,
            final ConnectionReuseStrategy reuseStrategy,
            final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy keepAliveStrategy,
            final HttpProcessor proxyHttpProcessor,
            final AuthenticationStrategy targetAuthStrategy,
            final AuthenticationStrategy proxyAuthStrategy,
            final UserTokenHandler userTokenHandler) {
        Args.notNull(requestExecutor, "HTTP request executor");
        Args.notNull(connManager, "Client connection manager");
        Args.notNull(reuseStrategy, "Connection reuse strategy");
        Args.notNull(keepAliveStrategy, "Connection keep alive strategy");
        Args.notNull(proxyHttpProcessor, "Proxy HTTP processor");
        Args.notNull(targetAuthStrategy, "Target authentication strategy");
        Args.notNull(proxyAuthStrategy, "Proxy authentication strategy");
        Args.notNull(userTokenHandler, "User token handler");
        this.authenticator      = new HttpAuthenticator();
        this.routeDirector      = new BasicRouteDirector();
        this.requestExecutor    = requestExecutor;
        this.connManager        = connManager;
        this.reuseStrategy      = reuseStrategy;
        this.keepAliveStrategy  = keepAliveStrategy;
        this.proxyHttpProcessor = proxyHttpProcessor;
        this.targetAuthStrategy = targetAuthStrategy;
        this.proxyAuthStrategy  = proxyAuthStrategy;
        this.userTokenHandler   = userTokenHandler;
    }

    public MainClientExec(
            final HttpRequestExecutor requestExecutor,
            final HttpClientConnectionManager connManager,
            final ConnectionReuseStrategy reuseStrategy,
            final ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy keepAliveStrategy,
            final AuthenticationStrategy targetAuthStrategy,
            final AuthenticationStrategy proxyAuthStrategy,
            final UserTokenHandler userTokenHandler) {
        this(requestExecutor, connManager, reuseStrategy, keepAliveStrategy,
                new ImmutableHttpProcessor(new RequestTargetHost()),
                targetAuthStrategy, proxyAuthStrategy, userTokenHandler);
    }

    @Override
    public CloseableHttpResponse execute(
            final HttpRoute route,
            final HttpRequestWrapper request,
            final HttpClientContext context,
            final HttpExecutionAware execAware) throws IOException, HttpException {
        Args.notNull(route, "HTTP route");
        Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request");
        Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context");

        AuthState targetAuthState = context.getTargetAuthState();
        if (targetAuthState == null) {
            targetAuthState = new AuthState();
            context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.TARGET_AUTH_STATE, targetAuthState);
        }
        AuthState proxyAuthState = context.getProxyAuthState();
        if (proxyAuthState == null) {
            proxyAuthState = new AuthState();
            context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.PROXY_AUTH_STATE, proxyAuthState);
        }

        if (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) {
            RequestEntityProxy.enhance((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) request);
        }

        Object userToken = context.getUserToken();

        final ConnectionRequest connRequest = connManager.requestConnection(route, userToken);
        if (execAware != null) {
            if (execAware.isAborted()) {
                connRequest.cancel();
                throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
            }
            execAware.setCancellable(connRequest);
        }

        final RequestConfig config = context.getRequestConfig();

        final HttpClientConnection managedConn;
        try {
            final int timeout = config.getConnectionRequestTimeout();
            managedConn = connRequest.get(timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        } catch(final InterruptedException interrupted) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted", interrupted);
        } catch(final ExecutionException ex) {
            Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
            if (cause == null) {
                cause = ex;
            }
            throw new RequestAbortedException("Request execution failed", cause);
        }

        context.setAttribute(HttpCoreContext.HTTP_CONNECTION, managedConn);

        if (config.isStaleConnectionCheckEnabled()) {
            // validate connection
            if (managedConn.isOpen()) {
                this.log.debug("Stale connection check");
                if (managedConn.isStale()) {
                    this.log.debug("Stale connection detected");
                    managedConn.close();
                }
            }
        }

        final ConnectionHolder connHolder = new ConnectionHolder(this.log, this.connManager, managedConn);
        try {
            if (execAware != null) {
                execAware.setCancellable(connHolder);
            }

            HttpResponse response;
            for (int execCount = 1;; execCount++) {

                if (execCount > 1 && !RequestEntityProxy.isRepeatable(request)) {
                    throw new NonRepeatableRequestException("Cannot retry request " +
                            "with a non-repeatable request entity.");
                }

                if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) {
                    throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
                }

                if (!managedConn.isOpen()) {
                    this.log.debug("Opening connection " + route);
                    try {
                        establishRoute(proxyAuthState, managedConn, route, request, context);
                    } catch (final TunnelRefusedException ex) {
                        if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            this.log.debug(ex.getMessage());
                        }
                        response = ex.getResponse();
                        break;
                    }
                }
                final int timeout = config.getSocketTimeout();
                if (timeout >= 0) {
                    managedConn.setSocketTimeout(timeout);
                }

                if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) {
                    throw new RequestAbortedException("Request aborted");
                }

                if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.log.debug("Executing request " + request.getRequestLine());
                }

                if (!request.containsHeader(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP)) {
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        this.log.debug("Target auth state: " + targetAuthState.getState());
                    }
                    this.authenticator.generateAuthResponse(request, targetAuthState, context);
                }
                if (!request.containsHeader(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP) && !route.isTunnelled()) {
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        this.log.debug("Proxy auth state: " + proxyAuthState.getState());
                    }
                    this.authenticator.generateAuthResponse(request, proxyAuthState, context);
                }

                context.setAttribute(HttpCoreContext.HTTP_REQUEST, request);
                response = requestExecutor.execute(request, managedConn, context);

                // The connection is in or can be brought to a re-usable state.
                if (reuseStrategy.keepAlive(response, context)) {
                    // Set the idle duration of this connection
                    final long duration = keepAliveStrategy.getKeepAliveDuration(response, context);
                    if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        final String s;
                        if (duration > 0) {
                            s = "for " + duration + " " + TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
                        } else {
                            s = "indefinitely";
                        }
                        this.log.debug("Connection can be kept alive " + s);
                    }
                    connHolder.setValidFor(duration, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                    connHolder.markReusable();
                } else {
                    connHolder.markNonReusable();
                }

                if (needAuthentication(
                        targetAuthState, proxyAuthState, route, response, context)) {
                    // Make sure the response body is fully consumed, if present
                    final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                    if (connHolder.isReusable()) {
                        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                    } else {
                        managedConn.close();
                        if (proxyAuthState.getState() == AuthProtocolState.SUCCESS
                                && proxyAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                            this.log.debug("Resetting proxy auth state");
                            proxyAuthState.reset();
                        }
                        if (targetAuthState.getState() == AuthProtocolState.SUCCESS
                                && targetAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                            this.log.debug("Resetting target auth state");
                            targetAuthState.reset();
                        }
                    }
                    // discard previous auth headers
                    final HttpRequest original = request.getOriginal();
                    if (!original.containsHeader(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP)) {
                        request.removeHeaders(AUTH.WWW_AUTH_RESP);
                    }
                    if (!original.containsHeader(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP)) {
                        request.removeHeaders(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP);
                    }
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (userToken == null) {
                userToken = userTokenHandler.getUserToken(context);
                context.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.USER_TOKEN, userToken);
            }
            if (userToken != null) {
                connHolder.setState(userToken);
            }

            // check for entity, release connection if possible
            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity == null || !entity.isStreaming()) {
                // connection not needed and (assumed to be) in re-usable state
                connHolder.releaseConnection();
                return new HttpResponseProxy(response, null);
            }
            return new HttpResponseProxy(response, connHolder);
        } catch (final ConnectionShutdownException ex) {
            final InterruptedIOException ioex = new InterruptedIOException(
                    "Connection has been shut down");
            ioex.initCause(ex);
            throw ioex;
        } catch (final HttpException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            throw ex;
        } catch (final IOException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            if (proxyAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                proxyAuthState.reset();
            }
            if (targetAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                targetAuthState.reset();
            }
            throw ex;
        } catch (final RuntimeException ex) {
            connHolder.abortConnection();
            if (proxyAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                proxyAuthState.reset();
            }
            if (targetAuthState.isConnectionBased()) {
                targetAuthState.reset();
            }
            throw ex;
        } catch (final Error error) {
            connManager.shutdown();
            throw error;
        }
    }

    
Establishes the target route.
/**
     * Establishes the target route.
     */
    void establishRoute(
            final AuthState proxyAuthState,
            final HttpClientConnection managedConn,
            final HttpRoute route,
            final HttpRequest request,
            final HttpClientContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {
        final RequestConfig config = context.getRequestConfig();
        final int timeout = config.getConnectTimeout();
        final RouteTracker tracker = new RouteTracker(route);
        int step;
        do {
            final HttpRoute fact = tracker.toRoute();
            step = this.routeDirector.nextStep(route, fact);

            switch (step) {

            case HttpRouteDirector.CONNECT_TARGET:
                this.connManager.connect(
                        managedConn,
                        route,
                        timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0,
                        context);
                tracker.connectTarget(route.isSecure());
                break;
            case HttpRouteDirector.CONNECT_PROXY:
                this.connManager.connect(
                        managedConn,
                        route,
                        timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0,
                        context);
                final HttpHost proxy  = route.getProxyHost();
                tracker.connectProxy(proxy, false);
                break;
            case HttpRouteDirector.TUNNEL_TARGET: {
                final boolean secure = createTunnelToTarget(
                        proxyAuthState, managedConn, route, request, context);
                this.log.debug("Tunnel to target created.");
                tracker.tunnelTarget(secure);
            }   break;

            case HttpRouteDirector.TUNNEL_PROXY: {
                // The most simple example for this case is a proxy chain
                // of two proxies, where P1 must be tunnelled to P2.
                // route: Source -> P1 -> P2 -> Target (3 hops)
                // fact:  Source -> P1 -> Target       (2 hops)
                final int hop = fact.getHopCount()-1; // the hop to establish
                final boolean secure = createTunnelToProxy(route, hop, context);
                this.log.debug("Tunnel to proxy created.");
                tracker.tunnelProxy(route.getHopTarget(hop), secure);
            }   break;

            case HttpRouteDirector.LAYER_PROTOCOL:
                this.connManager.upgrade(managedConn, route, context);
                tracker.layerProtocol(route.isSecure());
                break;

            case HttpRouteDirector.UNREACHABLE:
                throw new HttpException("Unable to establish route: " +
                        "planned = " + route + "; current = " + fact);
            case HttpRouteDirector.COMPLETE:
                this.connManager.routeComplete(managedConn, route, context);
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown step indicator "
                        + step + " from RouteDirector.");
            }

        } while (step > HttpRouteDirector.COMPLETE);
    }

    
Creates a tunnel to the target server.
The connection must be established to the (last) proxy.
A CONNECT request for tunnelling through the proxy will
be created and sent, the response received and checked.
This method does not update the connection with
information about the tunnel, that is left to the caller.
/**
     * Creates a tunnel to the target server.
     * The connection must be established to the (last) proxy.
     * A CONNECT request for tunnelling through the proxy will
     * be created and sent, the response received and checked.
     * This method does <i>not</i> update the connection with
     * information about the tunnel, that is left to the caller.
     */
    private boolean createTunnelToTarget(
            final AuthState proxyAuthState,
            final HttpClientConnection managedConn,
            final HttpRoute route,
            final HttpRequest request,
            final HttpClientContext context) throws HttpException, IOException {

        final RequestConfig config = context.getRequestConfig();
        final int timeout = config.getConnectTimeout();

        final HttpHost target = route.getTargetHost();
        final HttpHost proxy = route.getProxyHost();
        HttpResponse response = null;

        final String authority = target.toHostString();
        final HttpRequest connect = new BasicHttpRequest("CONNECT", authority, request.getProtocolVersion());

        this.requestExecutor.preProcess(connect, this.proxyHttpProcessor, context);

        while (response == null) {
            if (!managedConn.isOpen()) {
                this.connManager.connect(
                        managedConn,
                        route,
                        timeout > 0 ? timeout : 0,
                        context);
            }

            connect.removeHeaders(AUTH.PROXY_AUTH_RESP);
            this.authenticator.generateAuthResponse(connect, proxyAuthState, context);

            response = this.requestExecutor.execute(connect, managedConn, context);
            this.requestExecutor.postProcess(response, this.proxyHttpProcessor, context);

            final int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            if (status < 200) {
                throw new HttpException("Unexpected response to CONNECT request: " +
                        response.getStatusLine());
            }

            if (config.isAuthenticationEnabled()) {
                if (this.authenticator.isAuthenticationRequested(proxy, response,
                        this.proxyAuthStrategy, proxyAuthState, context)) {
                    if (this.authenticator.handleAuthChallenge(proxy, response,
                            this.proxyAuthStrategy, proxyAuthState, context)) {
                        // Retry request
                        if (this.reuseStrategy.keepAlive(response, context)) {
                            this.log.debug("Connection kept alive");
                            // Consume response content
                            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
                        } else {
                            managedConn.close();
                        }
                        response = null;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        final int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

        if (status > 299) {

            // Buffer response content
            final HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                response.setEntity(new BufferedHttpEntity(entity));
            }

            managedConn.close();
            throw new TunnelRefusedException("CONNECT refused by proxy: " +
                    response.getStatusLine(), response);
        }

        // How to decide on security of the tunnelled connection?
        // The socket factory knows only about the segment to the proxy.
        // Even if that is secure, the hop to the target may be insecure.
        // Leave it to derived classes, consider insecure by default here.
        return false;
    }

    
Creates a tunnel to an intermediate proxy.
This method is not implemented in this class.
It just throws an exception here.
/**
     * Creates a tunnel to an intermediate proxy.
     * This method is <i>not</i> implemented in this class.
     * It just throws an exception here.
     */
    private boolean createTunnelToProxy(
            final HttpRoute route,
            final int hop,
            final HttpClientContext context) throws HttpException {

        // Have a look at createTunnelToTarget and replicate the parts
        // you need in a custom derived class. If your proxies don't require
        // authentication, it is not too hard. But for the stock version of
        // HttpClient, we cannot make such simplifying assumptions and would
        // have to include proxy authentication code. The HttpComponents team
        // is currently not in a position to support rarely used code of this
        // complexity. Feel free to submit patches that refactor the code in
        // createTunnelToTarget to facilitate re-use for proxy tunnelling.

        throw new HttpException("Proxy chains are not supported.");
    }

    private boolean needAuthentication(
            final AuthState targetAuthState,
            final AuthState proxyAuthState,
            final HttpRoute route,
            final HttpResponse response,
            final HttpClientContext context) {
        final RequestConfig config = context.getRequestConfig();
        if (config.isAuthenticationEnabled()) {
            HttpHost target = context.getTargetHost();
            if (target == null) {
                target = route.getTargetHost();
            }
            if (target.getPort() < 0) {
                target = new HttpHost(
                        target.getHostName(),
                        route.getTargetHost().getPort(),
                        target.getSchemeName());
            }
            final boolean targetAuthRequested = this.authenticator.isAuthenticationRequested(
                    target, response, this.targetAuthStrategy, targetAuthState, context);

            HttpHost proxy = route.getProxyHost();
            // if proxy is not set use target host instead
            if (proxy == null) {
                proxy = route.getTargetHost();
            }
            final boolean proxyAuthRequested = this.authenticator.isAuthenticationRequested(
                    proxy, response, this.proxyAuthStrategy, proxyAuthState, context);

            if (targetAuthRequested) {
                return this.authenticator.handleAuthChallenge(target, response,
                        this.targetAuthStrategy, targetAuthState, context);
            }
            if (proxyAuthRequested) {
                return this.authenticator.handleAuthChallenge(proxy, response,
                        this.proxyAuthStrategy, proxyAuthState, context);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

}