/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.configuration2.io;

import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

This class is a subset of org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils, git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/proper/io/trunk@1423916 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68. The subset is determined by FileLocatorUtils. The copied constants and methods are literally copied.

See CONFIGURATION-521 for a discussion.
/**
 * This class is a subset of org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils,
 * git-svn-id: https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/commons/proper/io/trunk@1423916 13f79535-47bb-0310-9956-ffa450edef68.
 * The subset is determined by {@link FileLocatorUtils}.
 * The copied constants and methods are <em>literally</em> copied.<br />
 *
 * See CONFIGURATION-521 for a discussion.
 */
class FileUtils {
    
The UTF-8 character set, used to decode octets in URLs.
/**
     * The UTF-8 character set, used to decode octets in URLs.
     */
    private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Convert from a URL to a File.

From version 1.1 this method will decode the URL.
Syntax such as file:///my%20docs/file.txt will be
correctly decoded to /my docs/file.txt. Starting with version
1.5, this method uses UTF-8 to decode percent-encoded octets to characters.
Additionally, malformed percent-encoded octets are handled leniently by
passing them through literally.
Params:
url –  the file URL to convert, null returns null
Returns:
the equivalent File object, or null if the URL's protocol is not file/**
     * Convert from a <code>URL</code> to a <code>File</code>.
     * <p>
     * From version 1.1 this method will decode the URL.
     * Syntax such as <code>file:///my%20docs/file.txt</code> will be
     * correctly decoded to <code>/my docs/file.txt</code>. Starting with version
     * 1.5, this method uses UTF-8 to decode percent-encoded octets to characters.
     * Additionally, malformed percent-encoded octets are handled leniently by
     * passing them through literally.
     *
     * @param url  the file URL to convert, {@code null} returns {@code null}
     * @return the equivalent <code>File</code> object, or {@code null}
     *  if the URL's protocol is not <code>file</code>
     */
    public static File toFile(final URL url) {
        if (url == null || !"file".equalsIgnoreCase(url.getProtocol())) {
            return null;
        }
        String fileName = url.getFile().replace('/', File.separatorChar);
        fileName = decodeUrl(fileName);
        return new File(fileName);
    }

    
Decodes the specified URL as per RFC 3986, i.e. transforms percent-encoded octets to characters by decoding with the UTF-8 character set. This function is primarily intended for usage with URL which unfortunately does not enforce proper URLs. As such, this method will leniently accept invalid characters or malformed percent-encoded octets and simply pass them literally through to the result string. Except for rare edge cases, this will make unencoded URLs pass through unaltered. 
Params:
url –  The URL to decode, may be null.
Returns:
The decoded URL or null if the input was null./**
     * Decodes the specified URL as per RFC 3986, i.e. transforms
     * percent-encoded octets to characters by decoding with the UTF-8 character
     * set. This function is primarily intended for usage with
     * {@link java.net.URL} which unfortunately does not enforce proper URLs. As
     * such, this method will leniently accept invalid characters or malformed
     * percent-encoded octets and simply pass them literally through to the
     * result string. Except for rare edge cases, this will make unencoded URLs
     * pass through unaltered.
     *
     * @param url  The URL to decode, may be {@code null}.
     * @return The decoded URL or {@code null} if the input was
     *         {@code null}.
     */
    static String decodeUrl(final String url) {
        String decoded = url;
        if (url != null && url.indexOf('%') >= 0) {
            final int n = url.length();
            final StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
            final ByteBuffer bytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n;) {
                if (url.charAt(i) == '%') {
                    try {
                        do {
                            final byte octet = (byte) Integer.parseInt(url.substring(i + 1, i + 3), 16);
                            bytes.put(octet);
                            i += 3;
                        } while (i < n && url.charAt(i) == '%');
                        continue;
                    } catch (final RuntimeException e) {
                        // malformed percent-encoded octet, fall through and
                        // append characters literally
                    } finally {
                        if (bytes.position() > 0) {
                            bytes.flip();
                            buffer.append(UTF8.decode(bytes).toString());
                            bytes.clear();
                        }
                    }
                }
                buffer.append(url.charAt(i++));
            }
            decoded = buffer.toString();
        }
        return decoded;
    }

}