https://openjdk.java.net/ 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package javax.xml.namespace;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;


QName represents a qualified name
as defined in the XML specifications: XML Schema Part2:
Datatypes specification, Namespaces
in XML, Namespaces
in XML Errata.


The value of a QName contains a Namespace
URI, local part and
prefix.


The prefix is included in QName to retain lexical
information when present in an XML input source. The prefix is NOT used in 
QName.equals(Object) or to compute the 
QName.hashCode(). Equality and the hash code are defined using only the Namespace URI and local part.


If not specified, the Namespace URI is set to XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI. If not specified, the prefix is set to 
XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX.


QName is immutable.


Author:Jeff Suttor
See Also:
Since:1.5
/**
 * <p><code>QName</code> represents a <strong>qualified name</strong>
 * as defined in the XML specifications: <a
 * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">XML Schema Part2:
 * Datatypes specification</a>, <a
 * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-qualnames">Namespaces
 * in XML</a>, <a
 * href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-names-19990114-errata">Namespaces
 * in XML Errata</a>.</p>
 *
 * <p>The value of a <code>QName</code> contains a <strong>Namespace
 * URI</strong>, <strong>local part</strong> and
 * <strong>prefix</strong>.</p>
 *
 * <p>The prefix is included in <code>QName</code> to retain lexical
 * information <strong><em>when present</em></strong> in an {@link
 * javax.xml.transform.Source XML input source}. The prefix is
 * <strong><em>NOT</em></strong> used in {@link #equals(Object)
 * QName.equals(Object)} or to compute the {@link #hashCode()
 * QName.hashCode()}.  Equality and the hash code are defined using
 * <strong><em>only</em></strong> the Namespace URI and local part.</p>
 *
 * <p>If not specified, the Namespace URI is set to {@link
 * javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI}.
 * If not specified, the prefix is set to {@link
 * javax.xml.XMLConstants#DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX
 * XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX}.</p>
 *
 * <p><code>QName</code> is immutable.</p>
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:Jeff.Suttor@Sun.com">Jeff Suttor</a>
 * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#QName">
 *   XML Schema Part2: Datatypes specification</a>
 * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-qualnames">
 *   Namespaces in XML</a>
 * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-names-19990114-errata">
 *   Namespaces in XML Errata</a>
 * @since 1.5
 */

public class QName implements Serializable {

    
Stream Unique Identifier.


Due to a historical defect, QName was released with multiple
serialVersionUID values even though its serialization was the
same.


To workaround this issue, serialVersionUID is set with either
a default value or a compatibility value.  To use the
compatibility value, set the system property:

com.sun.xml.namespace.QName.useCompatibleSerialVersionUID=1.0

This workaround was inspired by classes in the javax.management
package, e.g. ObjectName, etc.
See CR6267224 for original defect report.


/**
     * <p>Stream Unique Identifier.</p>
     *
     * <p>Due to a historical defect, QName was released with multiple
     * serialVersionUID values even though its serialization was the
     * same.</p>
     *
     * <p>To workaround this issue, serialVersionUID is set with either
     * a default value or a compatibility value.  To use the
     * compatibility value, set the system property:</p>
     *
     * <code>com.sun.xml.namespace.QName.useCompatibleSerialVersionUID=1.0</code>
     *
     * <p>This workaround was inspired by classes in the javax.management
     * package, e.g. ObjectName, etc.
     * See CR6267224 for original defect report.</p>
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID;
    
Default serialVersionUID value.


/**
     * <p>Default <code>serialVersionUID</code> value.</p>
     */
    private static final long defaultSerialVersionUID = -9120448754896609940L;
    
Compatibility serialVersionUID value.


/**
     * <p>Compatibility <code>serialVersionUID</code> value.</p>
     */
    private static final long compatibleSerialVersionUID = 4418622981026545151L;
    
Flag to use default or campatible serialVersionUID.


/**
     * <p>Flag to use default or campatible serialVersionUID.</p>
     */
    private static boolean useDefaultSerialVersionUID = true;
    static {
        try {
            // use a privileged block as reading a system property
            String valueUseCompatibleSerialVersionUID = (String) AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new PrivilegedAction() {
                        public Object run() {
                            return System.getProperty("com.sun.xml.namespace.QName.useCompatibleSerialVersionUID");
                        }
                    }
            );
            useDefaultSerialVersionUID = (valueUseCompatibleSerialVersionUID != null && valueUseCompatibleSerialVersionUID.equals("1.0")) ? false : true;
        } catch (Exception exception) {
            // use default if any Exceptions
            useDefaultSerialVersionUID = true;
        }

        // set serialVersionUID to desired value
        if (useDefaultSerialVersionUID) {
            serialVersionUID = defaultSerialVersionUID;
        } else {
            serialVersionUID = compatibleSerialVersionUID;
        }
    }

    
Namespace URI of this QName.


/**
     * <p>Namespace URI of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     */
    private final String namespaceURI;

    
local part of this QName.


/**
     * <p>local part of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     */
    private final String localPart;

    
prefix of this QName.


/**
     * <p>prefix of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     */
    private final String prefix;

    
QName constructor specifying the Namespace URI
and local part.


If the Namespace URI is null, it is set to 
XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI. This value represents no explicitly defined Namespace as defined by the Namespaces
in XML specification. This action preserves compatible behavior with QName 1.0. Explicitly providing the 
XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI value is the preferred coding style.


If the local part is null an
IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
compatible behavior with QName 1.0. 


When using this constructor, the prefix is set to 
XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX.


The Namespace URI is not validated as a
URI reference.
The local part is not validated as a
NCName
as specified in Namespaces
in XML.


Params:
  • namespaceURI – Namespace URI of the QName
  • localPart –    local part of the QName
Throws:
See Also:
/**
     * <p><code>QName</code> constructor specifying the Namespace URI
     * and local part.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the Namespace URI is <code>null</code>, it is set to
     * {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI
     * XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI}.  This value represents no
     * explicitly defined Namespace as defined by the <a
     * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-qualnames">Namespaces
     * in XML</a> specification.  This action preserves compatible
     * behavior with QName 1.0.  Explicitly providing the {@link
     * javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI
     * XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI} value is the preferred coding
     * style.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the local part is <code>null</code> an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown.
     * A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
     * compatible behavior with QName 1.0. </p>
     *
     * <p>When using this constructor, the prefix is set to {@link
     * javax.xml.XMLConstants#DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX
     * XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX}.</p>
     *
     * <p>The Namespace URI is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">URI reference</a>.
     * The local part is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName">NCName</a>
     * as specified in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces
     * in XML</a>.</p>
     *
     * @param namespaceURI Namespace URI of the <code>QName</code>
     * @param localPart    local part of the <code>QName</code>
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException When <code>localPart</code> is
     *   <code>null</code>
     *
     * @see #QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String
     * prefix) QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String
     * prefix)
     */
    public QName(final String namespaceURI, final String localPart) {
        this(namespaceURI, localPart, XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX);
    }

    
QName constructor specifying the Namespace URI,
local part and prefix.


If the Namespace URI is null, it is set to 
XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI. This value represents no explicitly defined Namespace as defined by the Namespaces
in XML specification. This action preserves compatible behavior with QName 1.0. Explicitly providing the 
XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI value is the preferred coding style.


If the local part is null an
IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
compatible behavior with QName 1.0. 


If the prefix is null, an
IllegalArgumentException is thrown. Use 
XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX to explicitly indicate that no prefix is present or the prefix is not relevant.


The Namespace URI is not validated as a
URI reference.
The local part and prefix are not validated as a
NCName
as specified in Namespaces
in XML.


Params:
  • namespaceURI – Namespace URI of the QName
  • localPart –    local part of the QName
  • prefix –       prefix of the QName
Throws:
/**
     * <p><code>QName</code> constructor specifying the Namespace URI,
     * local part and prefix.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the Namespace URI is <code>null</code>, it is set to
     * {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI
     * XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI}.  This value represents no
     * explicitly defined Namespace as defined by the <a
     * href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-qualnames">Namespaces
     * in XML</a> specification.  This action preserves compatible
     * behavior with QName 1.0.  Explicitly providing the {@link
     * javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI
     * XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI} value is the preferred coding
     * style.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the local part is <code>null</code> an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown.
     * A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
     * compatible behavior with QName 1.0. </p>
     *
     * <p>If the prefix is <code>null</code>, an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown.  Use {@link
     * javax.xml.XMLConstants#DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX
     * XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX} to explicitly indicate that no
     * prefix is present or the prefix is not relevant.</p>
     *
     * <p>The Namespace URI is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">URI reference</a>.
     * The local part and prefix are not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName">NCName</a>
     * as specified in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces
     * in XML</a>.</p>
     *
     * @param namespaceURI Namespace URI of the <code>QName</code>
     * @param localPart    local part of the <code>QName</code>
     * @param prefix       prefix of the <code>QName</code>
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException When <code>localPart</code>
     *   or <code>prefix</code> is <code>null</code>
     */
    public QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String prefix) {

        // map null Namespace URI to default
        // to preserve compatibility with QName 1.0
        if (namespaceURI == null) {
            this.namespaceURI = XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI;
        } else {
            this.namespaceURI = namespaceURI;
        }

        // local part is required.
        // "" is allowed to preserve compatibility with QName 1.0
        if (localPart == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "local part cannot be \"null\" when creating a QName");
        }
        this.localPart = localPart;

        // prefix is required
        if (prefix == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "prefix cannot be \"null\" when creating a QName");
        }
        this.prefix = prefix;
    }

    
QName constructor specifying the local part.


If the local part is null an
IllegalArgumentException is thrown.
A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
compatible behavior with QName 1.0. 


When using this constructor, the Namespace URI is set to 
XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI and the prefix is set to 
XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX.


In an XML context, all Element and Attribute names exist
in the context of a Namespace.  Making this explicit during the
construction of a QName helps prevent hard to diagnosis XML validity errors. The constructors QName(String
namespaceURI, String localPart) and QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String prefix) are preferred.


The local part is not validated as a
NCName
as specified in Namespaces
in XML.


Params:
  • localPart – local part of the QName
Throws:
See Also:
/**
     * <p><code>QName</code> constructor specifying the local part.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the local part is <code>null</code> an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown.
     * A local part of "" is allowed to preserve
     * compatible behavior with QName 1.0. </p>
     *
     * <p>When using this constructor, the Namespace URI is set to
     * {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#NULL_NS_URI
     * XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI} and the prefix is set to {@link
     * javax.xml.XMLConstants#DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX
     * XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX}.</p>
     *
     * <p><em>In an XML context, all Element and Attribute names exist
     * in the context of a Namespace.  Making this explicit during the
     * construction of a <code>QName</code> helps prevent hard to
     * diagnosis XML validity errors.  The constructors {@link
     * #QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart) QName(String
     * namespaceURI, String localPart)} and
     * {@link #QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String prefix)}
     * are preferred.</em></p>
     *
     * <p>The local part is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName">NCName</a>
     * as specified in <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces
     * in XML</a>.</p>
     *
     * @param localPart local part of the <code>QName</code>
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException When <code>localPart</code> is
     *   <code>null</code>
     *
     * @see #QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart) QName(String
     * namespaceURI, String localPart)
     * @see #QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String
     * prefix) QName(String namespaceURI, String localPart, String
     * prefix)
     */
    public QName(String localPart) {
        this(
            XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI,
            localPart,
            XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX);
    }

    
Get the Namespace URI of this QName.


Returns:Namespace URI of this QName
/**
     * <p>Get the Namespace URI of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     *
     * @return Namespace URI of this <code>QName</code>
     */
    public String getNamespaceURI() {
        return namespaceURI;
    }

    
Get the local part of this QName.

 @return local part of this QName

/**
     * <p>Get the local part of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     *
     *  @return local part of this <code>QName</code>
     */
    public String getLocalPart() {
        return localPart;
    }

    
Get the prefix of this QName.


The prefix assigned to a QName might
NOT be valid in a different
context. For example, a QName may be assigned a
prefix in the context of parsing a document but that prefix may
be invalid in the context of a different document.

 @return prefix of this QName

/**
     * <p>Get the prefix of this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>The prefix assigned to a <code>QName</code> might
     * <strong><em>NOT</em></strong> be valid in a different
     * context. For example, a <code>QName</code> may be assigned a
     * prefix in the context of parsing a document but that prefix may
     * be invalid in the context of a different document.</p>
     *
     *  @return prefix of this <code>QName</code>
     */
    public String getPrefix() {
        return prefix;
    }

    
Test this QName for equality with another
Object.


If the Object to be tested is not a
QName or is null, then this method
returns false.


Two QNames are considered equal if and only if
both the Namespace URI and local part are equal. This method
uses String.equals() to check equality of the
Namespace URI and local part. The prefix is
NOT used to determine equality.


This method satisfies the general contract of Object.equals(Object)


Params:
  • objectToTest – the Object to test for
equality with this QName
Returns:true if the given Object is
equal to this QName else false
/**
     * <p>Test this <code>QName</code> for equality with another
     * <code>Object</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the <code>Object</code> to be tested is not a
     * <code>QName</code> or is <code>null</code>, then this method
     * returns <code>false</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>Two <code>QName</code>s are considered equal if and only if
     * both the Namespace URI and local part are equal. This method
     * uses <code>String.equals()</code> to check equality of the
     * Namespace URI and local part. The prefix is
     * <strong><em>NOT</em></strong> used to determine equality.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method satisfies the general contract of {@link
     * java.lang.Object#equals(Object) Object.equals(Object)}</p>
     *
     * @param objectToTest the <code>Object</code> to test for
     * equality with this <code>QName</code>
     * @return <code>true</code> if the given <code>Object</code> is
     * equal to this <code>QName</code> else <code>false</code>
     */
    public final boolean equals(Object objectToTest) {
        if (objectToTest == this) {
            return true;
        }

        if (objectToTest == null || !(objectToTest instanceof QName)) {
            return false;
        }

        QName qName = (QName) objectToTest;

        return localPart.equals(qName.localPart)
            && namespaceURI.equals(qName.namespaceURI);
    }

    
Generate the hash code for this QName.


The hash code is calculated using both the Namespace URI and
the local part of the QName.  The prefix is
NOT used to calculate the hash
code.


This method satisfies the general contract of Object.hashCode().


Returns:hash code for this QName Object
/**
     * <p>Generate the hash code for this <code>QName</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>The hash code is calculated using both the Namespace URI and
     * the local part of the <code>QName</code>.  The prefix is
     * <strong><em>NOT</em></strong> used to calculate the hash
     * code.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method satisfies the general contract of {@link
     * java.lang.Object#hashCode() Object.hashCode()}.</p>
     *
     * @return hash code for this <code>QName</code> <code>Object</code>
     */
    public final int hashCode() {
        return namespaceURI.hashCode() ^ localPart.hashCode();
    }

    
String representation of this
QName.


The commonly accepted way of representing a QName
as a String was
defined
by James Clark.  Although this is not a standard specification, it is in common use, e.g. Transformer.setParameter(String name, Object value). This implementation represents a QName as:
"{" + Namespace URI + "}" + local part.  If the Namespace URI
.equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI), only the
local part is returned.  An appropriate use of this method is
for debugging or logging for human consumption.


Note the prefix value is NOT
returned as part of the String representation.


This method satisfies the general contract of Object.toString().

 @return String representation of this QName

/**
     * <p><code>String</code> representation of this
     * <code>QName</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>The commonly accepted way of representing a <code>QName</code>
     * as a <code>String</code> was
     * <a href="http://jclark.com/xml/xmlns.htm">defined</a>
     * by James Clark.  Although this is not a <em>standard</em>
     * specification, it is in common use, e.g. {@link
     * javax.xml.transform.Transformer#setParameter(String name, Object value)}.
     * This implementation represents a <code>QName</code> as:
     * "{" + Namespace URI + "}" + local part.  If the Namespace URI
     * <code>.equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI)</code>, only the
     * local part is returned.  An appropriate use of this method is
     * for debugging or logging for human consumption.</p>
     *
     * <p>Note the prefix value is <strong><em>NOT</em></strong>
     * returned as part of the <code>String</code> representation.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method satisfies the general contract of {@link
     * java.lang.Object#toString() Object.toString()}.</p>
     *
     *  @return <code>String</code> representation of this <code>QName</code>
     */
    public String toString() {
        if (namespaceURI.equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI)) {
            return localPart;
        } else {
            return "{" + namespaceURI + "}" + localPart;
        }
    }

    
QName derived from parsing the formatted
String.


If the String is null or does not conform to QName.toString() formatting, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown.


The String MUST be in the form returned by QName.toString().


The commonly accepted way of representing a QName
as a String was
defined
by James Clark.  Although this is not a standard specification, it is in common use, e.g. Transformer.setParameter(String name, Object value). This implementation parses a String formatted
as: "{" + Namespace URI + "}" + local part.  If the Namespace
URI .equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI), only the
local part should be provided.


The prefix value CANNOT be
represented in the String and will be set to 
XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX.


This method does not do full validation of the resulting
QName.

The Namespace URI is not validated as a
URI reference.
The local part is not validated as a
NCName
as specified in
Namespaces in XML.


Params:
  • qNameAsString – String representation
of the QName
Throws:
See Also:
Returns:QName corresponding to the given String
/**
     * <p><code>QName</code> derived from parsing the formatted
     * <code>String</code>.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the <code>String</code> is <code>null</code> or does not conform to
     * {@link #toString() QName.toString()} formatting, an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> is thrown.</p>
     *
     * <p><em>The <code>String</code> <strong>MUST</strong> be in the
     * form returned by {@link #toString() QName.toString()}.</em></p>
     *
     * <p>The commonly accepted way of representing a <code>QName</code>
     * as a <code>String</code> was
     * <a href="http://jclark.com/xml/xmlns.htm">defined</a>
     * by James Clark.  Although this is not a <em>standard</em>
     * specification, it is in common use, e.g. {@link
     * javax.xml.transform.Transformer#setParameter(String name, Object value)}.
     * This implementation parses a <code>String</code> formatted
     * as: "{" + Namespace URI + "}" + local part.  If the Namespace
     * URI <code>.equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI)</code>, only the
     * local part should be provided.</p>
     *
     * <p>The prefix value <strong><em>CANNOT</em></strong> be
     * represented in the <code>String</code> and will be set to
     * {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX
     * XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX}.</p>
     *
     * <p>This method does not do full validation of the resulting
     * <code>QName</code>.
     * <p>The Namespace URI is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">URI reference</a>.
     * The local part is not validated as a
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-NCName">NCName</a>
     * as specified in
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">Namespaces in XML</a>.</p>
     *
     * @param qNameAsString <code>String</code> representation
     * of the <code>QName</code>
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException When <code>qNameAsString</code> is
     *   <code>null</code> or malformed
     *
     * @return <code>QName</code> corresponding to the given <code>String</code>
     * @see #toString() QName.toString()
     */
    public static QName valueOf(String qNameAsString) {

        // null is not valid
        if (qNameAsString == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "cannot create QName from \"null\" or \"\" String");
        }

        // "" local part is valid to preserve compatible behavior with QName 1.0
        if (qNameAsString.length() == 0) {
            return new QName(
                XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI,
                qNameAsString,
                XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX);
        }

        // local part only?
        if (qNameAsString.charAt(0) != '{') {
            return new QName(
                XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI,
                qNameAsString,
                XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX);
        }

        // Namespace URI improperly specified?
        if (qNameAsString.startsWith("{" + XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI + "}")) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Namespace URI .equals(XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI), "
                + ".equals(\"" + XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI + "\"), "
                + "only the local part, "
                + "\""
                + qNameAsString.substring(2 + XMLConstants.NULL_NS_URI.length())
                + "\", "
                + "should be provided.");
        }

        // Namespace URI and local part specified
        int endOfNamespaceURI = qNameAsString.indexOf('}');
        if (endOfNamespaceURI == -1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "cannot create QName from \""
                    + qNameAsString
                    + "\", missing closing \"}\"");
        }
        return new QName(
            qNameAsString.substring(1, endOfNamespaceURI),
            qNameAsString.substring(endOfNamespaceURI + 1),
            XMLConstants.DEFAULT_NS_PREFIX);
    }
}