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package java.lang;
import java.util.*;


This interface imposes a total ordering on the objects of each class that
implements it.  This ordering is referred to as the class's natural
ordering, and the class's compareTo method is referred to as
its natural comparison method.
 Lists (and arrays) of objects that implement this interface can be sorted automatically by Collections.sort (and Arrays.sort). Objects that implement this interface can be used as keys in a sorted map or as elements in a sorted set, without the need to specify a comparator.

The natural ordering for a class C is said to be consistent
with equals if and only if e1.compareTo(e2) == 0 has
the same boolean value as e1.equals(e2) for every
e1 and e2 of class C.  Note that null
is not an instance of any class, and e.compareTo(null) should
throw a NullPointerException even though e.equals(null)
returns false.

It is strongly recommended (though not required) that natural orderings be
consistent with equals.  This is so because sorted sets (and sorted maps)
without explicit comparators behave "strangely" when they are used with
elements (or keys) whose natural ordering is inconsistent with equals.  In
particular, such a sorted set (or sorted map) violates the general contract
for set (or map), which is defined in terms of the equals
method.

For example, if one adds two keys a and b such that (!a.equals(b) && a.compareTo(b) == 0) to a sorted set that does not use an explicit comparator, the second add
operation returns false (and the size of the sorted set does not increase)
because a and b are equivalent from the sorted set's
perspective.

Virtually all Java core classes that implement Comparable have natural
orderings that are consistent with equals.  One exception is
java.math.BigDecimal, whose natural ordering equates
BigDecimal objects with equal values and different precisions
(such as 4.0 and 4.00).

For the mathematically inclined, the relation that defines
the natural ordering on a given class C is:
      {(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) <= 0}.

 The quotient for this total order is: 
      {(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) == 0}.


It follows immediately from the contract for compareTo that the
quotient is an equivalence relation on C, and that the
natural ordering is a total order on C.  When we say that a
class's natural ordering is consistent with equals, we mean that the quotient for the natural ordering is the equivalence relation defined by the class's equals(Object) method:
    {(x, y) such that x.equals(y)}. 

This interface is a member of the

Java Collections Framework.

Author: Josh Bloch
Type parameters:
  • <T> – the type of objects that this object may be compared to
See Also:
Since:1.2
/**
 * This interface imposes a total ordering on the objects of each class that
 * implements it.  This ordering is referred to as the class's <i>natural
 * ordering</i>, and the class's <tt>compareTo</tt> method is referred to as
 * its <i>natural comparison method</i>.<p>
 *
 * Lists (and arrays) of objects that implement this interface can be sorted
 * automatically by {@link Collections#sort(List) Collections.sort} (and
 * {@link Arrays#sort(Object[]) Arrays.sort}).  Objects that implement this
 * interface can be used as keys in a {@linkplain SortedMap sorted map} or as
 * elements in a {@linkplain SortedSet sorted set}, without the need to
 * specify a {@linkplain Comparator comparator}.<p>
 *
 * The natural ordering for a class <tt>C</tt> is said to be <i>consistent
 * with equals</i> if and only if <tt>e1.compareTo(e2) == 0</tt> has
 * the same boolean value as <tt>e1.equals(e2)</tt> for every
 * <tt>e1</tt> and <tt>e2</tt> of class <tt>C</tt>.  Note that <tt>null</tt>
 * is not an instance of any class, and <tt>e.compareTo(null)</tt> should
 * throw a <tt>NullPointerException</tt> even though <tt>e.equals(null)</tt>
 * returns <tt>false</tt>.<p>
 *
 * It is strongly recommended (though not required) that natural orderings be
 * consistent with equals.  This is so because sorted sets (and sorted maps)
 * without explicit comparators behave "strangely" when they are used with
 * elements (or keys) whose natural ordering is inconsistent with equals.  In
 * particular, such a sorted set (or sorted map) violates the general contract
 * for set (or map), which is defined in terms of the <tt>equals</tt>
 * method.<p>
 *
 * For example, if one adds two keys <tt>a</tt> and <tt>b</tt> such that
 * {@code (!a.equals(b) && a.compareTo(b) == 0)} to a sorted
 * set that does not use an explicit comparator, the second <tt>add</tt>
 * operation returns false (and the size of the sorted set does not increase)
 * because <tt>a</tt> and <tt>b</tt> are equivalent from the sorted set's
 * perspective.<p>
 *
 * Virtually all Java core classes that implement <tt>Comparable</tt> have natural
 * orderings that are consistent with equals.  One exception is
 * <tt>java.math.BigDecimal</tt>, whose natural ordering equates
 * <tt>BigDecimal</tt> objects with equal values and different precisions
 * (such as 4.0 and 4.00).<p>
 *
 * For the mathematically inclined, the <i>relation</i> that defines
 * the natural ordering on a given class C is:<pre>
 *       {(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) &lt;= 0}.
 * </pre> The <i>quotient</i> for this total order is: <pre>
 *       {(x, y) such that x.compareTo(y) == 0}.
 * </pre>
 *
 * It follows immediately from the contract for <tt>compareTo</tt> that the
 * quotient is an <i>equivalence relation</i> on <tt>C</tt>, and that the
 * natural ordering is a <i>total order</i> on <tt>C</tt>.  When we say that a
 * class's natural ordering is <i>consistent with equals</i>, we mean that the
 * quotient for the natural ordering is the equivalence relation defined by
 * the class's {@link Object#equals(Object) equals(Object)} method:<pre>
 *     {(x, y) such that x.equals(y)}. </pre><p>
 *
 * This interface is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of objects that this object may be compared to
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @see java.util.Comparator
 * @since 1.2
 */
public interface Comparable<T> {
    
Compares this object with the specified object for order.  Returns a
negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less
than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.

The implementor must ensure sgn(x.compareTo(y)) ==
-sgn(y.compareTo(x)) for all x and y.  (This
implies that x.compareTo(y) must throw an exception iff
y.compareTo(x) throws an exception.)

The implementor must also ensure that the relation is transitive:
(x.compareTo(y)>0 && y.compareTo(z)>0) implies
x.compareTo(z)>0.

Finally, the implementor must ensure that x.compareTo(y)==0
implies that sgn(x.compareTo(z)) == sgn(y.compareTo(z)), for
all z.

It is strongly recommended, but not strictly required that
(x.compareTo(y)==0) == (x.equals(y)).  Generally speaking, any
class that implements the Comparable interface and violates
this condition should clearly indicate this fact.  The recommended
language is "Note: this class has a natural ordering that is
inconsistent with equals."

In the foregoing description, the notation
sgn(expression) designates the mathematical
signum function, which is defined to return one of -1,
0, or 1 according to whether the value of
expression is negative, zero or positive.

Params:
  • o – the object to be compared.
Throws:
Returns: a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object
         is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
/**
     * Compares this object with the specified object for order.  Returns a
     * negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object is less
     * than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
     *
     * <p>The implementor must ensure <tt>sgn(x.compareTo(y)) ==
     * -sgn(y.compareTo(x))</tt> for all <tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt>.  (This
     * implies that <tt>x.compareTo(y)</tt> must throw an exception iff
     * <tt>y.compareTo(x)</tt> throws an exception.)
     *
     * <p>The implementor must also ensure that the relation is transitive:
     * <tt>(x.compareTo(y)&gt;0 &amp;&amp; y.compareTo(z)&gt;0)</tt> implies
     * <tt>x.compareTo(z)&gt;0</tt>.
     *
     * <p>Finally, the implementor must ensure that <tt>x.compareTo(y)==0</tt>
     * implies that <tt>sgn(x.compareTo(z)) == sgn(y.compareTo(z))</tt>, for
     * all <tt>z</tt>.
     *
     * <p>It is strongly recommended, but <i>not</i> strictly required that
     * <tt>(x.compareTo(y)==0) == (x.equals(y))</tt>.  Generally speaking, any
     * class that implements the <tt>Comparable</tt> interface and violates
     * this condition should clearly indicate this fact.  The recommended
     * language is "Note: this class has a natural ordering that is
     * inconsistent with equals."
     *
     * <p>In the foregoing description, the notation
     * <tt>sgn(</tt><i>expression</i><tt>)</tt> designates the mathematical
     * <i>signum</i> function, which is defined to return one of <tt>-1</tt>,
     * <tt>0</tt>, or <tt>1</tt> according to whether the value of
     * <i>expression</i> is negative, zero or positive.
     *
     * @param   o the object to be compared.
     * @return  a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as this object
     *          is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified object.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified object is null
     * @throws ClassCastException if the specified object's type prevents it
     *         from being compared to this object.
     */
    public int compareTo(T o);
}