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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 *
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package sun.security.krb5;

import sun.security.krb5.internal.Krb5;

import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import javax.naming.*;
import javax.naming.directory.*;
import javax.naming.spi.NamingManager;

import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;


This class discovers the location of Kerberos services by querying DNS,
as defined in RFC 4120.

Author:Seema Malkani
Since:1.7
/**
 * This class discovers the location of Kerberos services by querying DNS,
 * as defined in RFC 4120.
 *
 * @author Seema Malkani
 * @since 1.7
 */

class KrbServiceLocator {

    private static final String SRV_RR = "SRV";
    private static final String[] SRV_RR_ATTR = new String[] {SRV_RR};

    private static final String SRV_TXT = "TXT";
    private static final String[] SRV_TXT_ATTR = new String[] {SRV_TXT};

    private static final Random random = new Random();

    private static final boolean DEBUG = Krb5.DEBUG;

    private KrbServiceLocator() {
    }

    
Locates the KERBEROS service for a given domain.
Queries DNS for a list of KERBEROS Service Text Records (TXT) for a
given domain name.
Information on the mapping of DNS hostnames and domain names
to Kerberos realms is stored using DNS TXT records

Params:
  • realmName – A string realm name.
Returns:An ordered list of hostports for the Kerberos service or null if
         the service has not been located.
/**
     * Locates the KERBEROS service for a given domain.
     * Queries DNS for a list of KERBEROS Service Text Records (TXT) for a
     * given domain name.
     * Information on the mapping of DNS hostnames and domain names
     * to Kerberos realms is stored using DNS TXT records
     *
     * @param realmName A string realm name.
     * @return An ordered list of hostports for the Kerberos service or null if
     *          the service has not been located.
     */
    static String[] getKerberosService(String realmName) {

        // search realm in SRV TXT records
        final String dnsUrl = "dns:///_kerberos." + realmName;
        String[] records = null;
        try {
            // Create the DNS context using NamingManager rather than using
            // the initial context constructor. This avoids having the initial
            // context constructor call itself (when processing the URL
            // argument in the getAttributes call).
            final Context ctx = NamingManager.getURLContext("dns", new Hashtable<>(0));
            if (!(ctx instanceof DirContext)) {
                return null; // cannot create a DNS context
            }
            Attributes attrs = null;
            try {
                // both connect and accept are needed since DNS is thru UDP
                attrs = SharedSecrets.getJavaSecurityAccess().doPrivileged
                    (new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Attributes>() {
                            public Attributes run() throws Exception {
                                return ((DirContext)ctx).getAttributes(dnsUrl, SRV_TXT_ATTR);
                            }
                        }, null,
                        new java.net.SocketPermission("*", "connect,accept"));
            } catch (PrivilegedActionException e) {
                throw (NamingException)e.getCause();
            }
            Attribute attr;

            if (attrs != null && ((attr = attrs.get(SRV_TXT)) != null)) {
                int numValues = attr.size();
                int numRecords = 0;
                String[] txtRecords = new String[numValues];

                // gather the text records
                int i = 0;
                int j = 0;
                while (i < numValues) {
                    try {
                        txtRecords[j] = (String)attr.get(i);
                        j++;
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // ignore bad value
                    }
                    i++;
                }
                numRecords = j;

                // trim
                if (numRecords < numValues) {
                    String[] trimmed = new String[numRecords];
                    System.arraycopy(txtRecords, 0, trimmed, 0, numRecords);
                    records = trimmed;
                } else {
                    records = txtRecords;
                }
            }
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            // ignore
        }
        return records;
    }

    
Locates the KERBEROS service for a given domain.
Queries DNS for a list of KERBEROS Service Location Records (SRV) for a
given domain name.

Params:
  • realmName – A string realm name.
  • protocol – the protocol string, can be "_udp" or "_tcp"
Returns:An ordered list of hostports for the Kerberos service or null if
         the service has not been located.
/**
     * Locates the KERBEROS service for a given domain.
     * Queries DNS for a list of KERBEROS Service Location Records (SRV) for a
     * given domain name.
     *
     * @param realmName A string realm name.
     * @param protocol the protocol string, can be "_udp" or "_tcp"
     * @return An ordered list of hostports for the Kerberos service or null if
     *          the service has not been located.
     */
    static String[] getKerberosService(String realmName, String protocol) {

        final String dnsUrl = "dns:///_kerberos." + protocol + "." + realmName;
        String[] hostports = null;

        try {
            // Create the DNS context using NamingManager rather than using
            // the initial context constructor. This avoids having the initial
            // context constructor call itself (when processing the URL
            // argument in the getAttributes call).
            final Context ctx = NamingManager.getURLContext("dns", new Hashtable<>(0));
            if (!(ctx instanceof DirContext)) {
                return null; // cannot create a DNS context
            }

            Attributes attrs = null;
            try {
                // both connect and accept are needed since DNS is thru UDP
                attrs = SharedSecrets.getJavaSecurityAccess().doPrivileged
                    (new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Attributes>() {
                            public Attributes run() throws Exception {
                                return ((DirContext)ctx).getAttributes(dnsUrl, SRV_RR_ATTR);
                            }
                        }, null,
                        new java.net.SocketPermission("*", "connect,accept"));
            } catch (PrivilegedActionException e) {
                throw (NamingException)e.getCause();
            }

            Attribute attr;

            if (attrs != null && ((attr = attrs.get(SRV_RR)) != null)) {
                int numValues = attr.size();
                int numRecords = 0;
                SrvRecord[] srvRecords = new SrvRecord[numValues];

                // create the service records
                int i = 0;
                int j = 0;
                while (i < numValues) {
                    try {
                        srvRecords[j] = new SrvRecord((String) attr.get(i));
                        j++;
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // ignore bad value
                    }
                    i++;
                }
                numRecords = j;

                // trim
                if (numRecords < numValues) {
                    SrvRecord[] trimmed = new SrvRecord[numRecords];
                    System.arraycopy(srvRecords, 0, trimmed, 0, numRecords);
                    srvRecords = trimmed;
                }

                // Sort the service records in ascending order of their
                // priority value. For records with equal priority, move
                // those with weight 0 to the top of the list.
                if (numRecords > 1) {
                    Arrays.sort(srvRecords);
                }

                // extract the host and port number from each service record
                hostports = extractHostports(srvRecords);
            }
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            // e.printStackTrace();
            // ignore
        }
        return hostports;
    }

    
Extract hosts and port numbers from a list of SRV records.
An array of hostports is returned or null if none were found.

/**
     * Extract hosts and port numbers from a list of SRV records.
     * An array of hostports is returned or null if none were found.
     */
    private static String[] extractHostports(SrvRecord[] srvRecords) {
        String[] hostports = null;

        int head = 0;
        int tail = 0;
        int sublistLength = 0;
        int k = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < srvRecords.length; i++) {
            if (hostports == null) {
                hostports = new String[srvRecords.length];
            }
            // find the head and tail of the list of records having the same
            // priority value.
            head = i;
            while (i < srvRecords.length - 1 &&
                srvRecords[i].priority == srvRecords[i + 1].priority) {
                i++;
            }
            tail = i;

            // select hostports from the sublist
            sublistLength = (tail - head) + 1;
            for (int j = 0; j < sublistLength; j++) {
                hostports[k++] = selectHostport(srvRecords, head, tail);
            }
        }
        return hostports;
    }

    /*
     * Randomly select a service record in the range [head, tail] and return
     * its hostport value. Follows the algorithm in RFC 2782.
     */
    private static String selectHostport(SrvRecord[] srvRecords, int head,
            int tail) {
        if (head == tail) {
            return srvRecords[head].hostport;
        }

        // compute the running sum for records between head and tail
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = head; i <= tail; i++) {
            if (srvRecords[i] != null) {
                sum += srvRecords[i].weight;
                srvRecords[i].sum = sum;
            }
        }
        String hostport = null;

        // If all records have zero weight, select first available one;
        // otherwise, randomly select a record according to its weight
        int target = (sum == 0 ? 0 : random.nextInt(sum + 1));
        for (int i = head; i <= tail; i++) {
            if (srvRecords[i] != null && srvRecords[i].sum >= target) {
                hostport = srvRecords[i].hostport;
                srvRecords[i] = null; // make this record unavailable
                break;
            }
        }
        return hostport;
    }


This class holds a DNS service (SRV) record.
See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2782.txt

/**
 * This class holds a DNS service (SRV) record.
 * See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2782.txt
 */

static class SrvRecord implements Comparable<SrvRecord> {

    int priority;
    int weight;
    int sum;
    String hostport;

    
Creates a service record object from a string record.
DNS supplies the string record in the following format:

          " "  " "  " " 



/**
     * Creates a service record object from a string record.
     * DNS supplies the string record in the following format:
     * <pre>
     *          <Priority> " " <Weight> " " <Port> " " <Host>
     * </pre>
     */
    SrvRecord(String srvRecord) throws Exception {
        StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(srvRecord, " ");
        String port;

        if (tokenizer.countTokens() == 4) {
            priority = Integer.parseInt(tokenizer.nextToken());
            weight = Integer.parseInt(tokenizer.nextToken());
            port = tokenizer.nextToken();
            hostport = tokenizer.nextToken() + ":" + port;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }

    /*
     * Sort records in ascending order of priority value. For records with
     * equal priority move those with weight 0 to the top of the list.
     */
    public int compareTo(SrvRecord that) {
        if (priority > that.priority) {
            return 1; // this > that
        } else if (priority < that.priority) {
            return -1; // this < that
        } else if (weight == 0 && that.weight != 0) {
            return -1; // this < that
        } else if (weight != 0 && that.weight == 0) {
            return 1; // this > that
        } else {
            return 0; // this == that
        }
    }
}
}