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 * Copyright (c) 2002, 2007, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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 */

package javax.management;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.security.Permission;

Permission controlling access to MBeanServer operations. If a security manager has been set using System.setSecurityManager, most operations on the MBean Server require that the caller's permissions imply an MBeanPermission appropriate for the operation. This is described in detail in the documentation for the MBeanServer interface.
As with other Permission objects, an MBeanPermission can represent either a permission that you have or a
permission that you need. When a sensitive operation is being checked for permission, an MBeanPermission is constructed representing the permission you need. The operation is only allowed if the permissions you have imply the permission you need.
An MBeanPermission contains four items of information:

The action.  For a permission you need,
this is one of the actions in the list below.  For a permission you have, this is
a comma-separated list of those actions, or *,
representing all actions.
The action is returned by getActions().
The class name.
For a permission you need, this is the class name of an MBean you are accessing, as returned by 
MBeanServer.getMBeanInfo(name).
getClassName(). Certain operations do not reference a class name, in which case the class name is null.
For a permission you have, this is either empty or a class
name pattern.  A class name pattern is a string following the
Java conventions for dot-separated class names.  It may end with
".*" meaning that the permission grants access to any
class that begins with the string preceding ".*".  For
instance, "javax.management.*" grants access to
javax.management.MBeanServerDelegate and
javax.management.timer.Timer, among other classes.
A class name pattern can also be empty or the single character
"*", both of which grant access to any class.
The member.
For a permission you need, this is the name of the attribute or
operation you are accessing.  For operations that do not reference
an attribute or operation, the member is null.
For a permission you have, this is either the name of an attribute
or operation you can access, or it is empty or the single character
"*", both of which grant access to any member.
The object name.
For a permission you need, this is the ObjectName of the MBean you are accessing. For operations that do not reference a single MBean, it is null. It is never an object name pattern.
For a permission you have, this is the ObjectName of the MBean or MBeans you can access. It may be an object name pattern to grant access to all MBeans whose names match the pattern. It may also be empty, which grants access to all MBeans whatever their name.

If you have an MBeanPermission, it allows operations only if all
four of the items match.
The class name, member, and object name can be written together
as a single string, which is the name of this permission. The name of the permission is the string returned by getName(). The format of the string is:

className#member[objectName]

The object name is written using the usual syntax for ObjectName. It may contain any legal characters, including ].  It is terminated by a ] character
that is the last character in the string.
One or more of the className, member,
or objectName may be omitted.  If the
member is omitted, the # may be too (but
does not have to be).  If the objectName is omitted,
the [] may be too (but does not have to be).  It is
not legal to omit all three items, that is to have a name
that is the empty string.
One or more of the className, member,
or objectName may be the character "-",
which is equivalent to a null value.  A null value is implied by
any value (including another null value) but does not imply any
other value.
The possible actions are these:

addNotificationListener
getAttribute
getClassLoader
getClassLoaderFor
getClassLoaderRepository
getDomains
getMBeanInfo
getObjectInstance
instantiate
invoke
isInstanceOf
queryMBeans
queryNames
registerMBean
removeNotificationListener
setAttribute
unregisterMBean

In a comma-separated list of actions, spaces are allowed before
and after each action.
Since:
1.5/**
 * <p>Permission controlling access to MBeanServer operations.  If a
 * security manager has been set using {@link
 * System#setSecurityManager}, most operations on the MBean Server
 * require that the caller's permissions imply an MBeanPermission
 * appropriate for the operation.  This is described in detail in the
 * documentation for the {@link MBeanServer} interface.</p>
 *
 * <p>As with other {@link Permission} objects, an MBeanPermission can
 * represent either a permission that you <em>have</em> or a
 * permission that you <em>need</em>.  When a sensitive operation is
 * being checked for permission, an MBeanPermission is constructed
 * representing the permission you need.  The operation is only
 * allowed if the permissions you have {@link #implies imply} the
 * permission you need.</p>
 *
 * <p>An MBeanPermission contains four items of information:</p>
 *
 * <ul>
 *
 * <li><p>The <em>action</em>.  For a permission you need,
 * this is one of the actions in the list <a
 * href="#action-list">below</a>.  For a permission you have, this is
 * a comma-separated list of those actions, or <code>*</code>,
 * representing all actions.</p>
 *
 * <p>The action is returned by {@link #getActions()}.</p>
 *
 * <li><p>The <em>class name</em>.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you need, this is the class name of an MBean
 * you are accessing, as returned by {@link
 * MBeanServer#getMBeanInfo(ObjectName)
 * MBeanServer.getMBeanInfo(name)}.{@link MBeanInfo#getClassName()
 * getClassName()}.  Certain operations do not reference a class name,
 * in which case the class name is null.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you have, this is either empty or a <em>class
 * name pattern</em>.  A class name pattern is a string following the
 * Java conventions for dot-separated class names.  It may end with
 * "<code>.*</code>" meaning that the permission grants access to any
 * class that begins with the string preceding "<code>.*</code>".  For
 * instance, "<code>javax.management.*</code>" grants access to
 * <code>javax.management.MBeanServerDelegate</code> and
 * <code>javax.management.timer.Timer</code>, among other classes.</p>
 *
 * <p>A class name pattern can also be empty or the single character
 * "<code>*</code>", both of which grant access to any class.</p>
 *
 * <li><p>The <em>member</em>.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you need, this is the name of the attribute or
 * operation you are accessing.  For operations that do not reference
 * an attribute or operation, the member is null.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you have, this is either the name of an attribute
 * or operation you can access, or it is empty or the single character
 * "<code>*</code>", both of which grant access to any member.</p>
 *
 * <li><p>The <em>object name</em>.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you need, this is the {@link ObjectName} of the
 * MBean you are accessing.  For operations that do not reference a
 * single MBean, it is null.  It is never an object name pattern.</p>
 *
 * <p>For a permission you have, this is the {@link ObjectName} of the
 * MBean or MBeans you can access.  It may be an object name pattern
 * to grant access to all MBeans whose names match the pattern.  It
 * may also be empty, which grants access to all MBeans whatever their
 * name.</p>
 *
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>If you have an MBeanPermission, it allows operations only if all
 * four of the items match.</p>
 *
 * <p>The class name, member, and object name can be written together
 * as a single string, which is the <em>name</em> of this permission.
 * The name of the permission is the string returned by {@link
 * Permission#getName() getName()}.  The format of the string is:</p>
 *
 * <blockquote>
 * <code>className#member[objectName]</code>
 * </blockquote>
 *
 * <p>The object name is written using the usual syntax for {@link
 * ObjectName}.  It may contain any legal characters, including
 * <code>]</code>.  It is terminated by a <code>]</code> character
 * that is the last character in the string.</p>
 *
 * <p>One or more of the <code>className</code>, <code>member</code>,
 * or <code>objectName</code> may be omitted.  If the
 * <code>member</code> is omitted, the <code>#</code> may be too (but
 * does not have to be).  If the <code>objectName</code> is omitted,
 * the <code>[]</code> may be too (but does not have to be).  It is
 * not legal to omit all three items, that is to have a <em>name</em>
 * that is the empty string.</p>
 *
 * <p>One or more of the <code>className</code>, <code>member</code>,
 * or <code>objectName</code> may be the character "<code>-</code>",
 * which is equivalent to a null value.  A null value is implied by
 * any value (including another null value) but does not imply any
 * other value.</p>
 *
 * <p><a name="action-list">The possible actions are these:</a></p>
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>addNotificationListener</li>
 * <li>getAttribute</li>
 * <li>getClassLoader</li>
 * <li>getClassLoaderFor</li>
 * <li>getClassLoaderRepository</li>
 * <li>getDomains</li>
 * <li>getMBeanInfo</li>
 * <li>getObjectInstance</li>
 * <li>instantiate</li>
 * <li>invoke</li>
 * <li>isInstanceOf</li>
 * <li>queryMBeans</li>
 * <li>queryNames</li>
 * <li>registerMBean</li>
 * <li>removeNotificationListener</li>
 * <li>setAttribute</li>
 * <li>unregisterMBean</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>In a comma-separated list of actions, spaces are allowed before
 * and after each action.</p>
 *
 * @since 1.5
 */
public class MBeanPermission extends Permission {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2416928705275160661L;

    
Actions list.
/**
     * Actions list.
     */
    private static final int AddNotificationListener    = 0x00001;
    private static final int GetAttribute               = 0x00002;
    private static final int GetClassLoader             = 0x00004;
    private static final int GetClassLoaderFor          = 0x00008;
    private static final int GetClassLoaderRepository   = 0x00010;
    private static final int GetDomains                 = 0x00020;
    private static final int GetMBeanInfo               = 0x00040;
    private static final int GetObjectInstance          = 0x00080;
    private static final int Instantiate                = 0x00100;
    private static final int Invoke                     = 0x00200;
    private static final int IsInstanceOf               = 0x00400;
    private static final int QueryMBeans                = 0x00800;
    private static final int QueryNames                 = 0x01000;
    private static final int RegisterMBean              = 0x02000;
    private static final int RemoveNotificationListener = 0x04000;
    private static final int SetAttribute               = 0x08000;
    private static final int UnregisterMBean            = 0x10000;

    
No actions.
/**
     * No actions.
     */
    private static final int NONE = 0x00000;

    
All actions.
/**
     * All actions.
     */
    private static final int ALL =
        AddNotificationListener    |
        GetAttribute               |
        GetClassLoader             |
        GetClassLoaderFor          |
        GetClassLoaderRepository   |
        GetDomains                 |
        GetMBeanInfo               |
        GetObjectInstance          |
        Instantiate                |
        Invoke                     |
        IsInstanceOf               |
        QueryMBeans                |
        QueryNames                 |
        RegisterMBean              |
        RemoveNotificationListener |
        SetAttribute               |
        UnregisterMBean;

    
The actions string.
/**
     * The actions string.
     */
    private String actions;

    
The actions mask.
/**
     * The actions mask.
     */
    private transient int mask;

    
The classname prefix that must match.  If null, is implied by any
classNamePrefix but does not imply any non-null classNamePrefix.
/**
     * The classname prefix that must match.  If null, is implied by any
     * classNamePrefix but does not imply any non-null classNamePrefix.
     */
    private transient String classNamePrefix;

    
True if classNamePrefix must match exactly.  Otherwise, the
className being matched must start with classNamePrefix.
/**
     * True if classNamePrefix must match exactly.  Otherwise, the
     * className being matched must start with classNamePrefix.
     */
    private transient boolean classNameExactMatch;

    
The member that must match.  If null, is implied by any member
but does not imply any non-null member.
/**
     * The member that must match.  If null, is implied by any member
     * but does not imply any non-null member.
     */
    private transient String member;

    
The objectName that must match.  If null, is implied by any
objectName but does not imply any non-null objectName.
/**
     * The objectName that must match.  If null, is implied by any
     * objectName but does not imply any non-null objectName.
     */
    private transient ObjectName objectName;

    
Parse actions parameter.
/**
     * Parse <code>actions</code> parameter.
     */
    private void parseActions() {

        int mask;

        if (actions == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission: " +
                                               "actions can't be null");
        if (actions.equals(""))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission: " +
                                               "actions can't be empty");

        mask = getMask(actions);

        if ((mask & ALL) != mask)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid actions mask");
        if (mask == NONE)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid actions mask");
        this.mask = mask;
    }

    
Parse name parameter.
/**
     * Parse <code>name</code> parameter.
     */
    private void parseName() {
        String name = getName();

        if (name == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission name " +
                                               "cannot be null");

        if (name.equals(""))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission name " +
                                               "cannot be empty");

        /* The name looks like "class#member[objectname]".  We subtract
           elements from the right as we parse, so after parsing the
           objectname we have "class#member" and after parsing the
           member we have "class".  Each element is optional.  */

        // Parse ObjectName

        int openingBracket = name.indexOf("[");
        if (openingBracket == -1) {
            // If "[on]" missing then ObjectName("*:*")
            //
            objectName = ObjectName.WILDCARD;
        } else {
            if (!name.endsWith("]")) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission: " +
                                                   "The ObjectName in the " +
                                                   "target name must be " +
                                                   "included in square " +
                                                   "brackets");
            } else {
                // Create ObjectName
                //
                try {
                    // If "[]" then ObjectName("*:*")
                    //
                    String on = name.substring(openingBracket + 1,
                                               name.length() - 1);
                    if (on.equals(""))
                        objectName = ObjectName.WILDCARD;
                    else if (on.equals("-"))
                        objectName = null;
                    else
                        objectName = new ObjectName(on);
                } catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("MBeanPermission: " +
                                                       "The target name does " +
                                                       "not specify a valid " +
                                                       "ObjectName");
                }
            }

            name = name.substring(0, openingBracket);
        }

        // Parse member

        int poundSign = name.indexOf("#");

        if (poundSign == -1)
            setMember("*");
        else {
            String memberName = name.substring(poundSign + 1);
            setMember(memberName);
            name = name.substring(0, poundSign);
        }

        // Parse className

        setClassName(name);
    }

    
Assign fields based on className, member, and objectName
parameters.
/**
     * Assign fields based on className, member, and objectName
     * parameters.
     */
    private void initName(String className, String member,
                          ObjectName objectName) {
        setClassName(className);
        setMember(member);
        this.objectName = objectName;
    }

    private void setClassName(String className) {
        if (className == null || className.equals("-")) {
            classNamePrefix = null;
            classNameExactMatch = false;
        } else if (className.equals("") || className.equals("*")) {
            classNamePrefix = "";
            classNameExactMatch = false;
        } else if (className.endsWith(".*")) {
            // Note that we include the "." in the required prefix
            classNamePrefix = className.substring(0, className.length() - 1);
            classNameExactMatch = false;
        } else {
            classNamePrefix = className;
            classNameExactMatch = true;
        }
    }

    private void setMember(String member) {
        if (member == null || member.equals("-"))
            this.member = null;
        else if (member.equals(""))
            this.member = "*";
        else
            this.member = member;
    }

    
Create a new MBeanPermission object with the specified target name
and actions.
The target name is of the form
"className#member[objectName]" where each part is
optional.  It must not be empty or null.
The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
empty or null.
Params:
name – the triplet "className#member[objectName]".
actions – the action string.
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException – if the name or
actions is invalid./**
     * <p>Create a new MBeanPermission object with the specified target name
     * and actions.</p>
     *
     * <p>The target name is of the form
     * "<code>className#member[objectName]</code>" where each part is
     * optional.  It must not be empty or null.</p>
     *
     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
     * empty or null.</p>
     *
     * @param name the triplet "className#member[objectName]".
     * @param actions the action string.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the <code>name</code> or
     * <code>actions</code> is invalid.
     */
    public MBeanPermission(String name, String actions) {
        super(name);

        parseName();

        this.actions = actions;
        parseActions();
    }

    
Create a new MBeanPermission object with the specified target name
(class name, member, object name) and actions.
The class name, member and object name parameters define a
target name of the form
"className#member[objectName]" where each part is optional. This will be the result of Permission.getName() on the resultant MBeanPermission.
The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
empty or null.
Params:
className – the class name to which this permission applies.
May be null or "-", which represents a class name
that is implied by any class name but does not imply any other
class name.
member – the member to which this permission applies.  May
be null or "-", which represents a member that is
implied by any member but does not imply any other member.
objectName – the object name to which this permission
applies.  May be null, which represents an object name that is
implied by any object name but does not imply any other object
name.
actions – the action string./**
     * <p>Create a new MBeanPermission object with the specified target name
     * (class name, member, object name) and actions.</p>
     *
     * <p>The class name, member and object name parameters define a
     * target name of the form
     * "<code>className#member[objectName]</code>" where each part is
     * optional.  This will be the result of {@link #getName()} on the
     * resultant MBeanPermission.</p>
     *
     * <p>The actions parameter contains a comma-separated list of the
     * desired actions granted on the target name.  It must not be
     * empty or null.</p>
     *
     * @param className the class name to which this permission applies.
     * May be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents a class name
     * that is implied by any class name but does not imply any other
     * class name.
     * @param member the member to which this permission applies.  May
     * be null or <code>"-"</code>, which represents a member that is
     * implied by any member but does not imply any other member.
     * @param objectName the object name to which this permission
     * applies.  May be null, which represents an object name that is
     * implied by any object name but does not imply any other object
     * name.
     * @param actions the action string.
     */
    public MBeanPermission(String className,
                           String member,
                           ObjectName objectName,
                           String actions) {

        super(makeName(className, member, objectName));
        initName(className, member, objectName);

        this.actions = actions;
        parseActions();
    }

    private static String makeName(String className, String member,
                                   ObjectName objectName) {
        final StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();
        if (className == null)
            className = "-";
        name.append(className);
        if (member == null)
            member = "-";
        name.append("#" + member);
        if (objectName == null)
            name.append("[-]");
        else
            name.append("[").append(objectName.getCanonicalName()).append("]");

        /* In the interests of legibility for Permission.toString(), we
           transform the empty string into "*".  */
        if (name.length() == 0)
            return "*";
        else
            return name.toString();
    }

    
Returns the "canonical string representation" of the actions. That is,
this method always returns present actions in alphabetical order.
Returns:
the canonical string representation of the actions./**
     * Returns the "canonical string representation" of the actions. That is,
     * this method always returns present actions in alphabetical order.
     *
     * @return the canonical string representation of the actions.
     */
    public String getActions() {

        if (actions == null)
            actions = getActions(this.mask);

        return actions;
    }

    
Returns the "canonical string representation"
of the actions from the mask.
/**
     * Returns the "canonical string representation"
     * of the actions from the mask.
     */
    private static String getActions(int mask) {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        boolean comma = false;

        if ((mask & AddNotificationListener) == AddNotificationListener) {
            comma = true;
            sb.append("addNotificationListener");
        }

        if ((mask & GetAttribute) == GetAttribute) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getAttribute");
        }

        if ((mask & GetClassLoader) == GetClassLoader) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getClassLoader");
        }

        if ((mask & GetClassLoaderFor) == GetClassLoaderFor) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getClassLoaderFor");
        }

        if ((mask & GetClassLoaderRepository) == GetClassLoaderRepository) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getClassLoaderRepository");
        }

        if ((mask & GetDomains) == GetDomains) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getDomains");
        }

        if ((mask & GetMBeanInfo) == GetMBeanInfo) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getMBeanInfo");
        }

        if ((mask & GetObjectInstance) == GetObjectInstance) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("getObjectInstance");
        }

        if ((mask & Instantiate) == Instantiate) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("instantiate");
        }

        if ((mask & Invoke) == Invoke) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("invoke");
        }

        if ((mask & IsInstanceOf) == IsInstanceOf) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("isInstanceOf");
        }

        if ((mask & QueryMBeans) == QueryMBeans) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("queryMBeans");
        }

        if ((mask & QueryNames) == QueryNames) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("queryNames");
        }

        if ((mask & RegisterMBean) == RegisterMBean) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("registerMBean");
        }

        if ((mask & RemoveNotificationListener) == RemoveNotificationListener) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("removeNotificationListener");
        }

        if ((mask & SetAttribute) == SetAttribute) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("setAttribute");
        }

        if ((mask & UnregisterMBean) == UnregisterMBean) {
            if (comma) sb.append(',');
            else comma = true;
            sb.append("unregisterMBean");
        }

        return sb.toString();
    }

    
Returns the hash code value for this object.
Returns:
a hash code value for this object./**
     * Returns the hash code value for this object.
     *
     * @return a hash code value for this object.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        return this.getName().hashCode() + this.getActions().hashCode();
    }

    
Converts an action String to an integer action mask.
Params:
action – the action string.
Returns:
the action mask./**
     * Converts an action String to an integer action mask.
     *
     * @param action the action string.
     * @return the action mask.
     */
    private static int getMask(String action) {

        /*
         * BE CAREFUL HERE! PARSING ORDER IS IMPORTANT IN THIS ALGORITHM.
         *
         * The 'string length' test must be performed for the lengthiest
         * strings first.
         *
         * In this permission if the "unregisterMBean" string length test is
         * performed after the "registerMBean" string length test the algorithm
         * considers the 'unregisterMBean' action as being the 'registerMBean'
         * action and a parsing error is returned.
         */

        int mask = NONE;

        if (action == null) {
            return mask;
        }

        if (action.equals("*")) {
            return ALL;
        }

        char[] a = action.toCharArray();

        int i = a.length - 1;
        if (i < 0)
            return mask;

        while (i != -1) {
            char c;

            // skip whitespace
            while ((i!=-1) && ((c = a[i]) == ' ' ||
                               c == '\r' ||
                               c == '\n' ||
                               c == '\f' ||
                               c == '\t'))
                i--;

            // check for the known strings
            int matchlen;

            if (i >= 25 && /* removeNotificationListener */
                (a[i-25] == 'r') &&
                (a[i-24] == 'e') &&
                (a[i-23] == 'm') &&
                (a[i-22] == 'o') &&
                (a[i-21] == 'v') &&
                (a[i-20] == 'e') &&
                (a[i-19] == 'N') &&
                (a[i-18] == 'o') &&
                (a[i-17] == 't') &&
                (a[i-16] == 'i') &&
                (a[i-15] == 'f') &&
                (a[i-14] == 'i') &&
                (a[i-13] == 'c') &&
                (a[i-12] == 'a') &&
                (a[i-11] == 't') &&
                (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
                (a[i-9] == 'o') &&
                (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
                (a[i-7] == 'L') &&
                (a[i-6] == 'i') &&
                (a[i-5] == 's') &&
                (a[i-4] == 't') &&
                (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
                (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
                (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
                (a[i] == 'r')) {
                matchlen = 26;
                mask |= RemoveNotificationListener;
            } else if (i >= 23 && /* getClassLoaderRepository */
                       (a[i-23] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-22] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-21] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-20] == 'C') &&
                       (a[i-19] == 'l') &&
                       (a[i-18] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-17] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-16] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-15] == 'L') &&
                       (a[i-14] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-13] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'd') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'R') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'p') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i] == 'y')) {
                matchlen = 24;
                mask |= GetClassLoaderRepository;
            } else if (i >= 22 && /* addNotificationListener */
                       (a[i-22] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-21] == 'd') &&
                       (a[i-20] == 'd') &&
                       (a[i-19] == 'N') &&
                       (a[i-18] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-17] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-16] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-15] == 'f') &&
                       (a[i-14] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-13] == 'c') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'L') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
                matchlen = 23;
                mask |= AddNotificationListener;
            } else if (i >= 16 && /* getClassLoaderFor */
                       (a[i-16] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-15] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-14] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-13] == 'C') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'l') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'L') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'd') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'F') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
                matchlen = 17;
                mask |= GetClassLoaderFor;
            } else if (i >= 16 && /* getObjectInstance */
                       (a[i-16] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-15] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-14] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-13] == 'O') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'b') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 'j') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'c') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'I') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'c') &&
                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
                matchlen = 17;
                mask |= GetObjectInstance;
            } else if (i >= 14 && /* unregisterMBean */
                       (a[i-14] == 'u') &&
                       (a[i-13] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'M') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'B') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i] == 'n')) {
                matchlen = 15;
                mask |= UnregisterMBean;
            } else if (i >= 13 && /* getClassLoader */
                       (a[i-13] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-12] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'C') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'l') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'L') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'd') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i] == 'r')) {
                matchlen = 14;
                mask |= GetClassLoader;
            } else if (i >= 12 && /* registerMBean */
                       (a[i-12] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-11] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'M') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'B') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i] == 'n')) {
                matchlen = 13;
                mask |= RegisterMBean;
            } else if (i >= 11 && /* getAttribute */
                       (a[i-11] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'A') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'b') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'u') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
                matchlen = 12;
                mask |= GetAttribute;
            } else if (i >= 11 && /* getMBeanInfo */
                       (a[i-11] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'M') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'B') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'I') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'f') &&
                       (a[i] == 'o')) {
                matchlen = 12;
                mask |= GetMBeanInfo;
            } else if (i >= 11 && /* isInstanceOf */
                       (a[i-11] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'I') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'c') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'O') &&
                       (a[i] == 'f')) {
                matchlen = 12;
                mask |= IsInstanceOf;
            } else if (i >= 11 && /* setAttribute */
                       (a[i-11] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-10] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'A') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'b') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'u') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
                matchlen = 12;
                mask |= SetAttribute;
            } else if (i >= 10 && /* instantiate */
                       (a[i-10] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 's') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 't') &&
                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
                matchlen = 11;
                mask |= Instantiate;
            } else if (i >= 10 && /* queryMBeans */
                       (a[i-10] == 'q') &&
                       (a[i-9] == 'u') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'y') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'M') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'B') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i] == 's')) {
                matchlen = 11;
                mask |= QueryMBeans;
            } else if (i >= 9 && /* getDomains */
                       (a[i-9] == 'g') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 't') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'D') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'm') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i] == 's')) {
                matchlen = 10;
                mask |= GetDomains;
            } else if (i >= 9 && /* queryNames */
                       (a[i-9] == 'q') &&
                       (a[i-8] == 'u') &&
                       (a[i-7] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i-6] == 'r') &&
                       (a[i-5] == 'y') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'N') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'a') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'm') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'e') &&
                       (a[i] == 's')) {
                matchlen = 10;
                mask |= QueryNames;
            } else if (i >= 5 && /* invoke */
                       (a[i-5] == 'i') &&
                       (a[i-4] == 'n') &&
                       (a[i-3] == 'v') &&
                       (a[i-2] == 'o') &&
                       (a[i-1] == 'k') &&
                       (a[i] == 'e')) {
                matchlen = 6;
                mask |= Invoke;
            } else {
                // parse error
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid permission: " +
                                                   action);
            }

            // make sure we didn't just match the tail of a word
            // like "ackbarfaccept".  Also, skip to the comma.
            boolean seencomma = false;
            while (i >= matchlen && !seencomma) {
                switch(a[i-matchlen]) {
                case ',':
                    seencomma = true;
                    break;
                case ' ': case '\r': case '\n':
                case '\f': case '\t':
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid permission: " +
                                                       action);
                }
                i--;
            }

            // point i at the location of the comma minus one (or -1).
            i -= matchlen;
        }

        return mask;
    }

    
Checks if this MBeanPermission object "implies" the
specified permission.
More specifically, this method returns true if:

 p is an instance of MBeanPermission; and
 p has a null className or p's className
matches this object's className; and
 p has a null member or p's member matches this
object's member; and
 p has a null object name or p's
object name matches this object's object name; and
 p's actions are a subset of this object's actions

If this object's className is "*", p's
className always matches it.  If it is "a.*", p's
className matches it if it begins with "a.".
If this object's member is "*", p's
member always matches it.
If this object's objectName n1 is an object name pattern,
p's objectName n2 matches it if n1.equals(n2) or if n1.apply(n2).
A permission that includes the queryMBeans action
is considered to include queryNames as well.
Params:
p – the permission to check against.
Returns:
true if the specified permission is implied by this object,
false if not./**
     * <p>Checks if this MBeanPermission object "implies" the
     * specified permission.</p>
     *
     * <p>More specifically, this method returns true if:</p>
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li> <i>p</i> is an instance of MBeanPermission; and</li>
     *
     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null className or <i>p</i>'s className
     * matches this object's className; and</li>
     *
     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null member or <i>p</i>'s member matches this
     * object's member; and</li>
     *
     * <li> <i>p</i> has a null object name or <i>p</i>'s
     * object name matches this object's object name; and</li>
     *
     * <li> <i>p</i>'s actions are a subset of this object's actions</li>
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>If this object's className is "<code>*</code>", <i>p</i>'s
     * className always matches it.  If it is "<code>a.*</code>", <i>p</i>'s
     * className matches it if it begins with "<code>a.</code>".</p>
     *
     * <p>If this object's member is "<code>*</code>", <i>p</i>'s
     * member always matches it.</p>
     *
     * <p>If this object's objectName <i>n1</i> is an object name pattern,
     * <i>p</i>'s objectName <i>n2</i> matches it if
     * {@link ObjectName#equals <i>n1</i>.equals(<i>n2</i>)} or if
     * {@link ObjectName#apply <i>n1</i>.apply(<i>n2</i>)}.</p>
     *
     * <p>A permission that includes the <code>queryMBeans</code> action
     * is considered to include <code>queryNames</code> as well.</p>
     *
     * @param p the permission to check against.
     * @return true if the specified permission is implied by this object,
     * false if not.
     */
    public boolean implies(Permission p) {
        if (!(p instanceof MBeanPermission))
            return false;

        MBeanPermission that = (MBeanPermission) p;

        // Actions
        //
        // The actions in 'this' permission must be a
        // superset of the actions in 'that' permission
        //

        /* "queryMBeans" implies "queryNames" */
        if ((this.mask & QueryMBeans) == QueryMBeans) {
            if (((this.mask | QueryNames) & that.mask) != that.mask) {
                //System.out.println("action [with QueryNames] does not imply");
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            if ((this.mask & that.mask) != that.mask) {
                //System.out.println("action does not imply");
                return false;
            }
        }

        // Target name
        //
        // The 'className' check is true iff:
        // 1) the className in 'this' permission is omitted or "*", or
        // 2) the className in 'that' permission is omitted or "*", or
        // 3) the className in 'this' permission does pattern
        //    matching with the className in 'that' permission.
        //
        // The 'member' check is true iff:
        // 1) the member in 'this' permission is omitted or "*", or
        // 2) the member in 'that' permission is omitted or "*", or
        // 3) the member in 'this' permission equals the member in
        //    'that' permission.
        //
        // The 'object name' check is true iff:
        // 1) the object name in 'this' permission is omitted or "*:*", or
        // 2) the object name in 'that' permission is omitted or "*:*", or
        // 3) the object name in 'this' permission does pattern
        //    matching with the object name in 'that' permission.
        //

        /* Check if this.className implies that.className.

           If that.classNamePrefix is empty that means the className is
           irrelevant for this permission check.  Otherwise, we do not
           expect that "that" contains a wildcard, since it is a
           needed permission.  So we assume that.classNameExactMatch.  */

        if (that.classNamePrefix == null) {
            // bottom is implied
        } else if (this.classNamePrefix == null) {
            // bottom implies nothing but itself
            return false;
        } else if (this.classNameExactMatch) {
            if (!that.classNameExactMatch)
                return false; // exact never implies wildcard
            if (!that.classNamePrefix.equals(this.classNamePrefix))
                return false; // exact match fails
        } else {
            // prefix match, works even if "that" is also a wildcard
            // e.g. a.* implies a.* and a.b.*
            if (!that.classNamePrefix.startsWith(this.classNamePrefix))
                return false;
        }

        /* Check if this.member implies that.member */

        if (that.member == null) {
            // bottom is implied
        } else if (this.member == null) {
            // bottom implies nothing but itself
            return false;
        } else if (this.member.equals("*")) {
            // wildcard implies everything (including itself)
        } else if (!this.member.equals(that.member)) {
            return false;
        }

        /* Check if this.objectName implies that.objectName */

        if (that.objectName == null) {
            // bottom is implied
        } else if (this.objectName == null) {
            // bottom implies nothing but itself
            return false;
        } else if (!this.objectName.apply(that.objectName)) {
            /* ObjectName.apply returns false if that.objectName is a
               wildcard so we also allow equals for that case.  This
               never happens during real permission checks, but means
               the implies relation is reflexive.  */
            if (!this.objectName.equals(that.objectName))
                return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    
Checks two MBeanPermission objects for equality. Checks
that obj is an MBeanPermission, and has the same
name and actions as this object.

Params:
obj – the object we are testing for equality with this object.
Returns:
true if obj is an MBeanPermission, and has the
same name and actions as this MBeanPermission object./**
     * Checks two MBeanPermission objects for equality. Checks
     * that <i>obj</i> is an MBeanPermission, and has the same
     * name and actions as this object.
     * <P>
     * @param obj the object we are testing for equality with this object.
     * @return true if obj is an MBeanPermission, and has the
     * same name and actions as this MBeanPermission object.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this)
            return true;

        if (! (obj instanceof MBeanPermission))
            return false;

        MBeanPermission that = (MBeanPermission) obj;

        return (this.mask == that.mask) &&
            (this.getName().equals(that.getName()));
    }

    
Deserialize this object based on its name and actions.
/**
     * Deserialize this object based on its name and actions.
     */
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in)
            throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        in.defaultReadObject();
        parseName();
        parseActions();
    }
}