https://openjdk.java.net/ 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.util.zip;

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.HashSet;
import static java.util.zip.ZipConstants64.*;
import static java.util.zip.ZipUtils.*;
import sun.nio.cs.UTF_8;
import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;


This class implements an output stream filter for writing files in the
ZIP file format. Includes support for both compressed and uncompressed
entries.

Author:     David Connelly
Since:1.1
/**
 * This class implements an output stream filter for writing files in the
 * ZIP file format. Includes support for both compressed and uncompressed
 * entries.
 *
 * @author      David Connelly
 * @since 1.1
 */
public class ZipOutputStream extends DeflaterOutputStream implements ZipConstants {

    
Whether to use ZIP64 for zip files with more than 64k entries.
Until ZIP64 support in zip implementations is ubiquitous, this
system property allows the creation of zip files which can be
read by legacy zip implementations which tolerate "incorrect"
total entry count fields, such as the ones in jdk6, and even
some in jdk7.

/**
     * Whether to use ZIP64 for zip files with more than 64k entries.
     * Until ZIP64 support in zip implementations is ubiquitous, this
     * system property allows the creation of zip files which can be
     * read by legacy zip implementations which tolerate "incorrect"
     * total entry count fields, such as the ones in jdk6, and even
     * some in jdk7.
     */
    private static final boolean inhibitZip64 =
        Boolean.parseBoolean(
            GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty("jdk.util.zip.inhibitZip64"));

    private static class XEntry {
        final ZipEntry entry;
        final long offset;
        public XEntry(ZipEntry entry, long offset) {
            this.entry = entry;
            this.offset = offset;
        }
    }

    private XEntry current;
    private Vector<XEntry> xentries = new Vector<>();
    private HashSet<String> names = new HashSet<>();
    private CRC32 crc = new CRC32();
    private long written = 0;
    private long locoff = 0;
    private byte[] comment;
    private int method = DEFLATED;
    private boolean finished;

    private boolean closed = false;

    private final ZipCoder zc;

    private static int version(ZipEntry e) throws ZipException {
        switch (e.method) {
        case DEFLATED: return 20;
        case STORED:   return 10;
        default: throw new ZipException("unsupported compression method");
        }
    }

    
Checks to make sure that this stream has not been closed.

/**
     * Checks to make sure that this stream has not been closed.
     */
    private void ensureOpen() throws IOException {
        if (closed) {
            throw new IOException("Stream closed");
        }
    }

    
Compression method for uncompressed (STORED) entries.

/**
     * Compression method for uncompressed (STORED) entries.
     */
    public static final int STORED = ZipEntry.STORED;

    
Compression method for compressed (DEFLATED) entries.

/**
     * Compression method for compressed (DEFLATED) entries.
     */
    public static final int DEFLATED = ZipEntry.DEFLATED;

    
Creates a new ZIP output stream.

The UTF-8 charset is used to encode the entry names and comments. 
Params:
  • out – the actual output stream
/**
     * Creates a new ZIP output stream.
     *
     * <p>The UTF-8 {@link java.nio.charset.Charset charset} is used
     * to encode the entry names and comments.
     *
     * @param out the actual output stream
     */
    public ZipOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
        this(out, UTF_8.INSTANCE);
    }

    
Creates a new ZIP output stream.

Params:
  • out – the actual output stream
  • charset – the charset to be used to encode the entry names and comments
Since:1.7
/**
     * Creates a new ZIP output stream.
     *
     * @param out the actual output stream
     *
     * @param charset the {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset charset}
     *                to be used to encode the entry names and comments
     *
     * @since 1.7
     */
    public ZipOutputStream(OutputStream out, Charset charset) {
        super(out, new Deflater(Deflater.DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, true));
        if (charset == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("charset is null");
        this.zc = ZipCoder.get(charset);
        usesDefaultDeflater = true;
    }

    
Sets the ZIP file comment.

Params:
  • comment – the comment string
Throws:
/**
     * Sets the ZIP file comment.
     * @param     comment the comment string
     * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the length of the specified
     *            ZIP file comment is greater than 0xFFFF bytes
     */
    public void setComment(String comment) {
        if (comment != null) {
            this.comment = zc.getBytes(comment);
            if (this.comment.length > 0xffff)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("ZIP file comment too long.");
        }
    }

    
Sets the default compression method for subsequent entries. This
default will be used whenever the compression method is not specified
for an individual ZIP file entry, and is initially set to DEFLATED.

Params:
  • method – the default compression method
Throws:
/**
     * Sets the default compression method for subsequent entries. This
     * default will be used whenever the compression method is not specified
     * for an individual ZIP file entry, and is initially set to DEFLATED.
     * @param     method the default compression method
     * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the specified compression method
     *            is invalid
     */
    public void setMethod(int method) {
        if (method != DEFLATED && method != STORED) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid compression method");
        }
        this.method = method;
    }

    
Sets the compression level for subsequent entries which are DEFLATED.
The default setting is DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.

Params:
  • level – the compression level (0-9)
Throws:
/**
     * Sets the compression level for subsequent entries which are DEFLATED.
     * The default setting is DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.
     * @param     level the compression level (0-9)
     * @throws    IllegalArgumentException if the compression level is invalid
     */
    public void setLevel(int level) {
        def.setLevel(level);
    }

    
Begins writing a new ZIP file entry and positions the stream to the
start of the entry data. Closes the current entry if still active.

 The default compression method will be used if no compression method was specified for the entry. When writing a compressed (DEFLATED) entry, and the compressed size has not been explicitly set with the ZipEntry.setCompressedSize(long) method, then the compressed size will be set to the actual compressed size after deflation. 

The current time will be used if the entry has no set modification time.

Params:
  • e – the ZIP entry to be written
Throws:
/**
     * Begins writing a new ZIP file entry and positions the stream to the
     * start of the entry data. Closes the current entry if still active.
     * <p>
     * The default compression method will be used if no compression method
     * was specified for the entry. When writing a compressed (DEFLATED)
     * entry, and the compressed size has not been explicitly set with the
     * {@link ZipEntry#setCompressedSize(long)} method, then the compressed
     * size will be set to the actual compressed size after deflation.
     * <p>
     * The current time will be used if the entry has no set modification time.
     *
     * @param     e the ZIP entry to be written
     * @throws    ZipException if a ZIP format error has occurred
     * @throws    IOException if an I/O error has occurred
     */
    public void putNextEntry(ZipEntry e) throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
        if (current != null) {
            closeEntry();       // close previous entry
        }
        if (e.xdostime == -1) {
            // by default, do NOT use extended timestamps in extra
            // data, for now.
            e.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
        if (e.method == -1) {
            e.method = method;  // use default method
        }
        // store size, compressed size, and crc-32 in LOC header
        e.flag = 0;
        switch (e.method) {
        case DEFLATED:
            // If not set, store size, compressed size, and crc-32 in data
            // descriptor immediately following the compressed entry data.
            // Ignore the compressed size of a ZipEntry if it was implcitely set
            // while reading that ZipEntry from a  ZipFile or ZipInputStream because
            // we can't know the compression level of the source zip file/stream.
            if (e.size  == -1 || e.csize == -1 || e.crc   == -1 || !e.csizeSet) {
                e.flag = 8;
            }
            break;
        case STORED:
            // compressed size, uncompressed size, and crc-32 must all be
            // set for entries using STORED compression method
            if (e.size == -1) {
                e.size = e.csize;
            } else if (e.csize == -1) {
                e.csize = e.size;
            } else if (e.size != e.csize) {
                throw new ZipException(
                    "STORED entry where compressed != uncompressed size");
            }
            if (e.size == -1 || e.crc == -1) {
                throw new ZipException(
                    "STORED entry missing size, compressed size, or crc-32");
            }
            break;
        default:
            throw new ZipException("unsupported compression method");
        }
        if (! names.add(e.name)) {
            throw new ZipException("duplicate entry: " + e.name);
        }
        if (zc.isUTF8())
            e.flag |= USE_UTF8;
        current = new XEntry(e, written);
        xentries.add(current);
        writeLOC(current);
    }

    
Closes the current ZIP entry and positions the stream for writing
the next entry.

Throws:
  • ZipException – if a ZIP format error has occurred
  • IOException – if an I/O error has occurred
/**
     * Closes the current ZIP entry and positions the stream for writing
     * the next entry.
     * @throws    ZipException if a ZIP format error has occurred
     * @throws    IOException if an I/O error has occurred
     */
    public void closeEntry() throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
        if (current != null) {
            ZipEntry e = current.entry;
            switch (e.method) {
            case DEFLATED:
                def.finish();
                while (!def.finished()) {
                    deflate();
                }
                if ((e.flag & 8) == 0) {
                    // verify size, compressed size, and crc-32 settings
                    if (e.size != def.getBytesRead()) {
                        throw new ZipException(
                            "invalid entry size (expected " + e.size +
                            " but got " + def.getBytesRead() + " bytes)");
                    }
                    if (e.csize != def.getBytesWritten()) {
                        throw new ZipException(
                            "invalid entry compressed size (expected " +
                            e.csize + " but got " + def.getBytesWritten() + " bytes)");
                    }
                    if (e.crc != crc.getValue()) {
                        throw new ZipException(
                            "invalid entry CRC-32 (expected 0x" +
                            Long.toHexString(e.crc) + " but got 0x" +
                            Long.toHexString(crc.getValue()) + ")");
                    }
                } else {
                    e.size  = def.getBytesRead();
                    e.csize = def.getBytesWritten();
                    e.crc = crc.getValue();
                    writeEXT(e);
                }
                def.reset();
                written += e.csize;
                break;
            case STORED:
                // we already know that both e.size and e.csize are the same
                if (e.size != written - locoff) {
                    throw new ZipException(
                        "invalid entry size (expected " + e.size +
                        " but got " + (written - locoff) + " bytes)");
                }
                if (e.crc != crc.getValue()) {
                    throw new ZipException(
                         "invalid entry crc-32 (expected 0x" +
                         Long.toHexString(e.crc) + " but got 0x" +
                         Long.toHexString(crc.getValue()) + ")");
                }
                break;
            default:
                throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
            }
            crc.reset();
            current = null;
        }
    }

    
Writes an array of bytes to the current ZIP entry data. This method
will block until all the bytes are written.

Params:
  • b – the data to be written
  • off – the start offset in the data
  • len – the number of bytes that are written
Throws:
/**
     * Writes an array of bytes to the current ZIP entry data. This method
     * will block until all the bytes are written.
     * @param     b the data to be written
     * @param     off the start offset in the data
     * @param     len the number of bytes that are written
     * @throws    ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
     * @throws    IOException if an I/O error has occurred
     */
    public synchronized void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
        throws IOException
    {
        ensureOpen();
        if (off < 0 || len < 0 || off > b.length - len) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        } else if (len == 0) {
            return;
        }

        if (current == null) {
            throw new ZipException("no current ZIP entry");
        }
        ZipEntry entry = current.entry;
        switch (entry.method) {
        case DEFLATED:
            super.write(b, off, len);
            break;
        case STORED:
            written += len;
            if (written - locoff > entry.size) {
                throw new ZipException(
                    "attempt to write past end of STORED entry");
            }
            out.write(b, off, len);
            break;
        default:
            throw new ZipException("invalid compression method");
        }
        crc.update(b, off, len);
    }

    
Finishes writing the contents of the ZIP output stream without closing
the underlying stream. Use this method when applying multiple filters
in succession to the same output stream.

Throws:
  • ZipException – if a ZIP file error has occurred
  • IOException – if an I/O exception has occurred
/**
     * Finishes writing the contents of the ZIP output stream without closing
     * the underlying stream. Use this method when applying multiple filters
     * in succession to the same output stream.
     * @throws    ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
     * @throws    IOException if an I/O exception has occurred
     */
    public void finish() throws IOException {
        ensureOpen();
        if (finished) {
            return;
        }
        if (current != null) {
            closeEntry();
        }
        // write central directory
        long off = written;
        for (XEntry xentry : xentries)
            writeCEN(xentry);
        writeEND(off, written - off);
        finished = true;
    }

    
Closes the ZIP output stream as well as the stream being filtered.

Throws:
  • ZipException – if a ZIP file error has occurred
  • IOException – if an I/O error has occurred
/**
     * Closes the ZIP output stream as well as the stream being filtered.
     * @throws    ZipException if a ZIP file error has occurred
     * @throws    IOException if an I/O error has occurred
     */
    public void close() throws IOException {
        if (!closed) {
            super.close();
            closed = true;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Writes local file (LOC) header for specified entry.
     */
    private void writeLOC(XEntry xentry) throws IOException {
        ZipEntry e = xentry.entry;
        int flag = e.flag;
        boolean hasZip64 = false;
        int elen = getExtraLen(e.extra);

        writeInt(LOCSIG);               // LOC header signature
        if ((flag & 8) == 8) {
            writeShort(version(e));     // version needed to extract
            writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
            writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
            writeInt(e.xdostime);       // last modification time
            // store size, uncompressed size, and crc-32 in data descriptor
            // immediately following compressed entry data
            writeInt(0);
            writeInt(0);
            writeInt(0);
        } else {
            if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL || e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
                hasZip64 = true;
                writeShort(45);         // ver 4.5 for zip64
            } else {
                writeShort(version(e)); // version needed to extract
            }
            writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
            writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
            writeInt(e.xdostime);       // last modification time
            writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
            if (hasZip64) {
                writeInt(ZIP64_MAGICVAL);
                writeInt(ZIP64_MAGICVAL);
                elen += 20;        //headid(2) + size(2) + size(8) + csize(8)
            } else {
                writeInt(e.csize);  // compressed size
                writeInt(e.size);   // uncompressed size
            }
        }
        byte[] nameBytes = zc.getBytes(e.name);
        writeShort(nameBytes.length);

        int elenEXTT = 0;         // info-zip extended timestamp
        int flagEXTT = 0;
        long umtime = -1;
        long uatime = -1;
        long uctime = -1;
        if (e.mtime != null) {
            elenEXTT += 4;
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LMT;
            umtime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.mtime);
        }
        if (e.atime != null) {
            elenEXTT += 4;
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LAT;
            uatime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.atime);
        }
        if (e.ctime != null) {
            elenEXTT += 4;
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAT_CT;
            uctime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.ctime);
        }
        if (flagEXTT != 0) {
            // to use ntfs time if any m/a/ctime is beyond unixtime upper bound
            if (umtime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uatime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uctime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND) {
                elen += 36;                // NTFS time, total 36 bytes
            } else {
                elen += (elenEXTT + 5);    // headid(2) + size(2) + flag(1) + data
            }
        }
        writeShort(elen);
        writeBytes(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);
        if (hasZip64) {
            writeShort(ZIP64_EXTID);
            writeShort(16);
            writeLong(e.size);
            writeLong(e.csize);
        }
        if (flagEXTT != 0) {
            if (umtime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uatime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uctime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND) {
                writeShort(EXTID_NTFS);    // id
                writeShort(32);            // data size
                writeInt(0);               // reserved
                writeShort(0x0001);        // NTFS attr tag
                writeShort(24);
                writeLong(e.mtime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.mtime));
                writeLong(e.atime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.atime));
                writeLong(e.ctime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.ctime));
            } else {
                writeShort(EXTID_EXTT);
                writeShort(elenEXTT + 1);  // flag + data
                writeByte(flagEXTT);
                if (e.mtime != null)
                    writeInt(umtime);
                if (e.atime != null)
                    writeInt(uatime);
                if (e.ctime != null)
                    writeInt(uctime);
            }
        }
        writeExtra(e.extra);
        locoff = written;
    }

    /*
     * Writes extra data descriptor (EXT) for specified entry.
     */
    private void writeEXT(ZipEntry e) throws IOException {
        writeInt(EXTSIG);           // EXT header signature
        writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
        if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL || e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            writeLong(e.csize);
            writeLong(e.size);
        } else {
            writeInt(e.csize);          // compressed size
            writeInt(e.size);           // uncompressed size
        }
    }

    
Adds information about compatibility of file attribute information
to a version value.

/**
     * Adds information about compatibility of file attribute information
     * to a version value.
     */
    private int versionMadeBy(ZipEntry e, int version) {
        return (e.extraAttributes < 0) ? version :
                VERSION_MADE_BY_BASE_UNIX | (version & 0xff);
    }

    /*
     * Write central directory (CEN) header for specified entry.
     * REMIND: add support for file attributes
     */
    private void writeCEN(XEntry xentry) throws IOException {
        ZipEntry e  = xentry.entry;
        int flag = e.flag;
        int version = version(e);
        long csize = e.csize;
        long size = e.size;
        long offset = xentry.offset;
        int elenZIP64 = 0;
        boolean hasZip64 = false;

        if (e.csize >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            csize = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
            elenZIP64 += 8;              // csize(8)
            hasZip64 = true;
        }
        if (e.size >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            size = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;    // size(8)
            elenZIP64 += 8;
            hasZip64 = true;
        }
        if (xentry.offset >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            offset = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
            elenZIP64 += 8;              // offset(8)
            hasZip64 = true;
        }
        writeInt(CENSIG);           // CEN header signature
        if (hasZip64) {
            writeShort(versionMadeBy(e,45));         // ver 4.5 for zip64
            writeShort(45);
        } else {
            writeShort(versionMadeBy(e, version));    // version made by
            writeShort(version);    // version needed to extract
        }
        writeShort(flag);           // general purpose bit flag
        writeShort(e.method);       // compression method
        writeInt(e.xdostime);       // last modification time
        writeInt(e.crc);            // crc-32
        writeInt(csize);            // compressed size
        writeInt(size);             // uncompressed size
        byte[] nameBytes = zc.getBytes(e.name);
        writeShort(nameBytes.length);

        int elen = getExtraLen(e.extra);
        if (hasZip64) {
            elen += (elenZIP64 + 4);// + headid(2) + datasize(2)
        }
        // cen info-zip extended timestamp only outputs mtime
        // but set the flag for a/ctime, if present in loc
        int flagEXTT = 0;
        long umtime = -1;
        long uatime = -1;
        long uctime = -1;
        if (e.mtime != null) {
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LMT;
            umtime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.mtime);
        }
        if (e.atime != null) {
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAG_LAT;
            uatime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.atime);
        }
        if (e.ctime != null) {
            flagEXTT |= EXTT_FLAT_CT;
            uctime = fileTimeToUnixTime(e.ctime);
        }
        if (flagEXTT != 0) {
            // to use ntfs time if any m/a/ctime is beyond unixtime upper bound
            if (umtime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uatime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uctime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND) {
                elen += 36;         // NTFS time total 36 bytes
            } else {
                elen += 5;          // headid(2) + sz(2) + flag(1)
                if (e.mtime != null)
                    elen += 4;      // + mtime (4)
            }
        }
        writeShort(elen);
        byte[] commentBytes;
        if (e.comment != null) {
            commentBytes = zc.getBytes(e.comment);
            writeShort(Math.min(commentBytes.length, 0xffff));
        } else {
            commentBytes = null;
            writeShort(0);
        }
        writeShort(0);              // starting disk number
        writeShort(0);              // internal file attributes (unused)
        // extra file attributes, used for storing posix permissions etc.
        writeInt(e.extraAttributes > 0 ? e.extraAttributes << 16 : 0);
        writeInt(offset);           // relative offset of local header
        writeBytes(nameBytes, 0, nameBytes.length);

        // take care of EXTID_ZIP64 and EXTID_EXTT
        if (hasZip64) {
            writeShort(ZIP64_EXTID);// Zip64 extra
            writeShort(elenZIP64);
            if (size == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
                writeLong(e.size);
            if (csize == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
                writeLong(e.csize);
            if (offset == ZIP64_MAGICVAL)
                writeLong(xentry.offset);
        }
        if (flagEXTT != 0) {
            if (umtime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uatime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND ||
                uctime > UPPER_UNIXTIME_BOUND) {
                writeShort(EXTID_NTFS);    // id
                writeShort(32);            // data size
                writeInt(0);               // reserved
                writeShort(0x0001);        // NTFS attr tag
                writeShort(24);
                writeLong(e.mtime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.mtime));
                writeLong(e.atime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.atime));
                writeLong(e.ctime == null ? WINDOWS_TIME_NOT_AVAILABLE
                                          : fileTimeToWinTime(e.ctime));
            } else {
                writeShort(EXTID_EXTT);
                if (e.mtime != null) {
                    writeShort(5);      // flag + mtime
                    writeByte(flagEXTT);
                    writeInt(umtime);
                } else {
                    writeShort(1);      // flag only
                    writeByte(flagEXTT);
                }
            }
        }
        writeExtra(e.extra);
        if (commentBytes != null) {
            writeBytes(commentBytes, 0, Math.min(commentBytes.length, 0xffff));
        }
    }

    /*
     * Writes end of central directory (END) header.
     */
    private void writeEND(long off, long len) throws IOException {
        boolean hasZip64 = false;
        long xlen = len;
        long xoff = off;
        if (xlen >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            xlen = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
            hasZip64 = true;
        }
        if (xoff >= ZIP64_MAGICVAL) {
            xoff = ZIP64_MAGICVAL;
            hasZip64 = true;
        }
        int count = xentries.size();
        if (count >= ZIP64_MAGICCOUNT) {
            hasZip64 |= !inhibitZip64;
            if (hasZip64) {
                count = ZIP64_MAGICCOUNT;
            }
        }
        if (hasZip64) {
            long off64 = written;
            //zip64 end of central directory record
            writeInt(ZIP64_ENDSIG);        // zip64 END record signature
            writeLong(ZIP64_ENDHDR - 12);  // size of zip64 end
            writeShort(45);                // version made by
            writeShort(45);                // version needed to extract
            writeInt(0);                   // number of this disk
            writeInt(0);                   // central directory start disk
            writeLong(xentries.size());    // number of directory entires on disk
            writeLong(xentries.size());    // number of directory entires
            writeLong(len);                // length of central directory
            writeLong(off);                // offset of central directory

            //zip64 end of central directory locator
            writeInt(ZIP64_LOCSIG);        // zip64 END locator signature
            writeInt(0);                   // zip64 END start disk
            writeLong(off64);              // offset of zip64 END
            writeInt(1);                   // total number of disks (?)
        }
        writeInt(ENDSIG);                 // END record signature
        writeShort(0);                    // number of this disk
        writeShort(0);                    // central directory start disk
        writeShort(count);                // number of directory entries on disk
        writeShort(count);                // total number of directory entries
        writeInt(xlen);                   // length of central directory
        writeInt(xoff);                   // offset of central directory
        if (comment != null) {            // zip file comment
            writeShort(comment.length);
            writeBytes(comment, 0, comment.length);
        } else {
            writeShort(0);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Returns the length of extra data without EXTT and ZIP64.
     */
    private int getExtraLen(byte[] extra) {
        if (extra == null)
            return 0;
        int skipped = 0;
        int len = extra.length;
        int off = 0;
        while (off + 4 <= len) {
            int tag = get16(extra, off);
            int sz = get16(extra, off + 2);
            if (sz < 0 || (off + 4 + sz) > len) {
                break;
            }
            if (tag == EXTID_EXTT || tag == EXTID_ZIP64) {
                skipped += (sz + 4);
            }
            off += (sz + 4);
        }
        return len - skipped;
    }

    /*
     * Writes extra data without EXTT and ZIP64.
     *
     * Extra timestamp and ZIP64 data is handled/output separately
     * in writeLOC and writeCEN.
     */
    private void writeExtra(byte[] extra) throws IOException {
        if (extra != null) {
            int len = extra.length;
            int off = 0;
            while (off + 4 <= len) {
                int tag = get16(extra, off);
                int sz = get16(extra, off + 2);
                if (sz < 0 || (off + 4 + sz) > len) {
                    writeBytes(extra, off, len - off);
                    return;
                }
                if (tag != EXTID_EXTT && tag != EXTID_ZIP64) {
                    writeBytes(extra, off, sz + 4);
                }
                off += (sz + 4);
            }
            if (off < len) {
                writeBytes(extra, off, len - off);
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Writes a 8-bit byte to the output stream.
     */
    private void writeByte(int v) throws IOException {
        OutputStream out = this.out;
        out.write(v & 0xff);
        written += 1;
    }

    /*
     * Writes a 16-bit short to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
     */
    private void writeShort(int v) throws IOException {
        OutputStream out = this.out;
        out.write((v >>> 0) & 0xff);
        out.write((v >>> 8) & 0xff);
        written += 2;
    }

    /*
     * Writes a 32-bit int to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
     */
    private void writeInt(long v) throws IOException {
        OutputStream out = this.out;
        out.write((int)((v >>>  0) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>>  8) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 16) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 24) & 0xff));
        written += 4;
    }

    /*
     * Writes a 64-bit int to the output stream in little-endian byte order.
     */
    private void writeLong(long v) throws IOException {
        OutputStream out = this.out;
        out.write((int)((v >>>  0) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>>  8) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 16) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 24) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 32) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 40) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 48) & 0xff));
        out.write((int)((v >>> 56) & 0xff));
        written += 8;
    }

    /*
     * Writes an array of bytes to the output stream.
     */
    private void writeBytes(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        super.out.write(b, off, len);
        written += len;
    }
}