/*
 * Copyright (c) 2009, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

Copyright (C) 1996-2014, International Business Machines Corporation and
others. All Rights Reserved.
/**
*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 1996-2014, International Business Machines Corporation and
* others. All Rights Reserved.
*******************************************************************************
*/

package jdk.internal.icu.lang;

import jdk.internal.icu.impl.UBiDiProps;
import jdk.internal.icu.impl.UCharacterProperty;
import jdk.internal.icu.text.Normalizer2;
import jdk.internal.icu.text.UTF16;
import jdk.internal.icu.util.VersionInfo;

The UCharacter class provides extensions to the

java.lang.Character class. These extensions provide support for
more Unicode properties and together with the UTF16
class, provide support for supplementary characters (those with code
points above U+FFFF).
Each ICU release supports the latest version of Unicode available at that time.
Code points are represented in these API using ints. While it would be
more convenient in Java to have a separate primitive datatype for them,
ints suffice in the meantime.
To use this class please add the jar file name icu4j.jar to the
class path, since it contains data files which supply the information used
by this file.

E.g. In Windows 

set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;$JAR_FILE_PATH/ucharacter.jar.

Otherwise, another method would be to copy the files uprops.dat and
unames.icu from the icu4j source subdirectory
$ICU4J_SRC/src/com.ibm.icu.impl.data to your class directory
$ICU4J_CLASS/com.ibm.icu.impl.data.
Aside from the additions for UTF-16 support, and the updated Unicode
properties, the main differences between UCharacter and Character are:

 UCharacter is not designed to be a char wrapper and does not have
     APIs to which involves management of that single char.

     These include:
     

       
 char charValue(),
       
 int compareTo(java.lang.Character, java.lang.Character), etc.
     
 UCharacter does not include Character APIs that are deprecated, nor
     does it include the Java-specific character information, such as
     boolean isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch).
 Character maps characters 'A' - 'Z' and 'a' - 'z' to the numeric
     values '10' - '35'. UCharacter also does this in digit and
     getNumericValue, to adhere to the java semantics of these
     methods.  New methods unicodeDigit, and
     getUnicodeNumericValue do not treat the above code points
     as having numeric values.  This is a semantic change from ICU4J 1.3.1.


Further detail on differences can be determined using the program
       
       com.ibm.icu.dev.test.lang.UCharacterCompare


In addition to Java compatibility functions, which calculate derived properties,
this API provides low-level access to the Unicode Character Database.


Unicode assigns each code point (not just assigned character) values for
many properties.
Most of them are simple boolean flags, or constants from a small enumerated list.
For some properties, values are strings or other relatively more complex types.


For more information see
"About the Unicode Character Database"
(http://www.unicode.org/ucd/)
and the ICU
User Guide chapter on Properties
(http://www.icu-project.org/userguide/properties.html).


There are also functions that provide easy migration from C/POSIX functions
like isblank(). Their use is generally discouraged because the C/POSIX
standards do not define their semantics beyond the ASCII range, which means
that different implementations exhibit very different behavior.
Instead, Unicode properties should be used directly.


There are also only a few, broad C/POSIX character classes, and they tend
to be used for conflicting purposes. For example, the "isalpha()" class
is sometimes used to determine word boundaries, while a more sophisticated
approach would at least distinguish initial letters from continuation
characters (the latter including combining marks).
(In ICU, BreakIterator is the most sophisticated API for word boundaries.)
Another example: There is no "istitle()" class for titlecase characters.


ICU 3.4 and later provides API access for all twelve C/POSIX character classes.
ICU implements them according to the Standard Recommendations in
Annex C: Compatibility Properties of UTS #18 Unicode Regular Expressions
(http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr18/#Compatibility_Properties).


API access for C/POSIX character classes is as follows:

- alpha:     isUAlphabetic(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.ALPHABETIC)
- lower:     isULowercase(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.LOWERCASE)
- upper:     isUUppercase(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.UPPERCASE)
- punct:     ((1<<getType(c)) & ((1<<DASH_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<START_PUNCTUATION)|
              (1<<END_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<OTHER_PUNCTUATION)|
              (1<<INITIAL_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<FINAL_PUNCTUATION)))!=0
- digit:     isDigit(c) or getType(c)==DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
- xdigit:    hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_XDIGIT)
- alnum:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_ALNUM)
- space:     isUWhiteSpace(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.WHITE_SPACE)
- blank:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_BLANK)
- cntrl:     getType(c)==CONTROL
- graph:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_GRAPH)
- print:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_PRINT)



The C/POSIX character classes are also available in UnicodeSet patterns,
using patterns like [:graph:] or \p{graph}.

There are several ICU (and Java) whitespace functions.
Comparison:

 isUWhiteSpace=UCHAR_WHITE_SPACE: Unicode White_Space property;
      most of general categories "Z" (separators) + most whitespace ISO controls
      (including no-break spaces, but excluding IS1..IS4 and ZWSP)
 isWhitespace: Java isWhitespace; Z + whitespace ISO controls but excluding no-break spaces
 isSpaceChar: just Z (including no-break spaces)


This class is not subclassable.

Author:
Syn Wee Quek
See Also:
UCharacterEnums
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
 * <p>The UCharacter class provides extensions to the
 * <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5/docs/api/java/lang/Character.html">
 * java.lang.Character</a> class. These extensions provide support for
 * more Unicode properties and together with the <a href=../text/UTF16.html>UTF16</a>
 * class, provide support for supplementary characters (those with code
 * points above U+FFFF).
 * Each ICU release supports the latest version of Unicode available at that time.
 *
 * <p>Code points are represented in these API using ints. While it would be
 * more convenient in Java to have a separate primitive datatype for them,
 * ints suffice in the meantime.
 *
 * <p>To use this class please add the jar file name icu4j.jar to the
 * class path, since it contains data files which supply the information used
 * by this file.<br>
 * E.g. In Windows <br>
 * <code>set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;$JAR_FILE_PATH/ucharacter.jar</code>.<br>
 * Otherwise, another method would be to copy the files uprops.dat and
 * unames.icu from the icu4j source subdirectory
 * <i>$ICU4J_SRC/src/com.ibm.icu.impl.data</i> to your class directory
 * <i>$ICU4J_CLASS/com.ibm.icu.impl.data</i>.
 *
 * <p>Aside from the additions for UTF-16 support, and the updated Unicode
 * properties, the main differences between UCharacter and Character are:
 * <ul>
 * <li> UCharacter is not designed to be a char wrapper and does not have
 *      APIs to which involves management of that single char.<br>
 *      These include:
 *      <ul>
 *        <li> char charValue(),
 *        <li> int compareTo(java.lang.Character, java.lang.Character), etc.
 *      </ul>
 * <li> UCharacter does not include Character APIs that are deprecated, nor
 *      does it include the Java-specific character information, such as
 *      boolean isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch).
 * <li> Character maps characters 'A' - 'Z' and 'a' - 'z' to the numeric
 *      values '10' - '35'. UCharacter also does this in digit and
 *      getNumericValue, to adhere to the java semantics of these
 *      methods.  New methods unicodeDigit, and
 *      getUnicodeNumericValue do not treat the above code points
 *      as having numeric values.  This is a semantic change from ICU4J 1.3.1.
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * Further detail on differences can be determined using the program
 *        <a href=
 * "http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/icu4j/trunk/src/com/ibm/icu/dev/test/lang/UCharacterCompare.java">
 *        com.ibm.icu.dev.test.lang.UCharacterCompare</a>
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * In addition to Java compatibility functions, which calculate derived properties,
 * this API provides low-level access to the Unicode Character Database.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Unicode assigns each code point (not just assigned character) values for
 * many properties.
 * Most of them are simple boolean flags, or constants from a small enumerated list.
 * For some properties, values are strings or other relatively more complex types.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * For more information see
 * <a href="http://www.unicode/org/ucd/">"About the Unicode Character Database"</a>
 * (http://www.unicode.org/ucd/)
 * and the <a href="http://www.icu-project.org/userguide/properties.html">ICU
 * User Guide chapter on Properties</a>
 * (http://www.icu-project.org/userguide/properties.html).
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * There are also functions that provide easy migration from C/POSIX functions
 * like isblank(). Their use is generally discouraged because the C/POSIX
 * standards do not define their semantics beyond the ASCII range, which means
 * that different implementations exhibit very different behavior.
 * Instead, Unicode properties should be used directly.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * There are also only a few, broad C/POSIX character classes, and they tend
 * to be used for conflicting purposes. For example, the "isalpha()" class
 * is sometimes used to determine word boundaries, while a more sophisticated
 * approach would at least distinguish initial letters from continuation
 * characters (the latter including combining marks).
 * (In ICU, BreakIterator is the most sophisticated API for word boundaries.)
 * Another example: There is no "istitle()" class for titlecase characters.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * ICU 3.4 and later provides API access for all twelve C/POSIX character classes.
 * ICU implements them according to the Standard Recommendations in
 * Annex C: Compatibility Properties of UTS #18 Unicode Regular Expressions
 * (http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr18/#Compatibility_Properties).
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * API access for C/POSIX character classes is as follows:
 * <pre>{@code
 * - alpha:     isUAlphabetic(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.ALPHABETIC)
 * - lower:     isULowercase(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.LOWERCASE)
 * - upper:     isUUppercase(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.UPPERCASE)
 * - punct:     ((1<<getType(c)) & ((1<<DASH_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<START_PUNCTUATION)|
 *               (1<<END_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<OTHER_PUNCTUATION)|
 *               (1<<INITIAL_PUNCTUATION)|(1<<FINAL_PUNCTUATION)))!=0
 * - digit:     isDigit(c) or getType(c)==DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
 * - xdigit:    hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_XDIGIT)
 * - alnum:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_ALNUM)
 * - space:     isUWhiteSpace(c) or hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.WHITE_SPACE)
 * - blank:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_BLANK)
 * - cntrl:     getType(c)==CONTROL
 * - graph:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_GRAPH)
 * - print:     hasBinaryProperty(c, UProperty.POSIX_PRINT)
 * }</pre>
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * The C/POSIX character classes are also available in UnicodeSet patterns,
 * using patterns like [:graph:] or \p{graph}.
 * </p>
 *
 * There are several ICU (and Java) whitespace functions.
 * Comparison:<ul>
 * <li> isUWhiteSpace=UCHAR_WHITE_SPACE: Unicode White_Space property;
 *       most of general categories "Z" (separators) + most whitespace ISO controls
 *       (including no-break spaces, but excluding IS1..IS4 and ZWSP)
 * <li> isWhitespace: Java isWhitespace; Z + whitespace ISO controls but excluding no-break spaces
 * <li> isSpaceChar: just Z (including no-break spaces)</ul>
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * This class is not subclassable.
 * </p>
 * @author Syn Wee Quek
 * @stable ICU 2.1
 * @see com.ibm.icu.lang.UCharacterEnums
 */

public final class UCharacter
{

    
Joining Group constants.
See Also:
JOINING_GROUP.JOINING_GROUP
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
     * Joining Group constants.
     * @see UProperty#JOINING_GROUP
     * @stable ICU 2.4
     */
    public static interface JoiningGroup
    {
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int NO_JOINING_GROUP = 0;
    }

    
Numeric Type constants.
See Also:
NUMERIC_TYPE.NUMERIC_TYPE
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
     * Numeric Type constants.
     * @see UProperty#NUMERIC_TYPE
     * @stable ICU 2.4
     */
    public static interface NumericType
    {
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int NONE = 0;
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int DECIMAL = 1;
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int DIGIT = 2;
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int NUMERIC = 3;
        
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
         * @stable ICU 2.4
         */
        public static final int COUNT = 4;
    }

    
Hangul Syllable Type constants.
See Also:
HANGUL_SYLLABLE_TYPE.HANGUL_SYLLABLE_TYPE
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
     * Hangul Syllable Type constants.
     *
     * @see UProperty#HANGUL_SYLLABLE_TYPE
     * @stable ICU 2.6
     */
    public static interface HangulSyllableType
    {
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int NOT_APPLICABLE      = 0;   /*[NA]*/ /*See note !!*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int LEADING_JAMO        = 1;   /*[L]*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int VOWEL_JAMO          = 2;   /*[V]*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int TRAILING_JAMO       = 3;   /*[T]*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int LV_SYLLABLE         = 4;   /*[LV]*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int LVT_SYLLABLE        = 5;   /*[LVT]*/
        
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
         * @stable ICU 2.6
         */
        public static final int COUNT               = 6;
    }

    // public data members -----------------------------------------------

    
The lowest Unicode code point value.
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * The lowest Unicode code point value.
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static final int MIN_VALUE = UTF16.CODEPOINT_MIN_VALUE;

    
The highest Unicode code point value (scalar value) according to the
Unicode Standard.
This is a 21-bit value (21 bits, rounded up).

Up-to-date Unicode implementation of java.lang.Character.MAX_VALUE
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * The highest Unicode code point value (scalar value) according to the
     * Unicode Standard.
     * This is a 21-bit value (21 bits, rounded up).<br>
     * Up-to-date Unicode implementation of java.lang.Character.MAX_VALUE
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static final int MAX_VALUE = UTF16.CODEPOINT_MAX_VALUE;

    // public methods ----------------------------------------------------

    
Returns the numeric value of a decimal digit code point.

This method observes the semantics of
java.lang.Character.digit().  Note that this
will return positive values for code points for which isDigit
returns false, just like java.lang.Character.

Semantic Change: In release 1.3.1 and
prior, this did not treat the European letters as having a
digit value, and also treated numeric letters and other numbers as
digits.
This has been changed to conform to the java semantics.

A code point is a valid digit if and only if:

  
ch is a decimal digit or one of the european letters, and
  
the value of ch is less than the specified radix.

Params:
ch – the code point to query
radix – the radix
Returns:
the numeric value represented by the code point in the
specified radix, or -1 if the code point is not a decimal digit
or if its value is too large for the radix
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns the numeric value of a decimal digit code point.
     * <br>This method observes the semantics of
     * <code>java.lang.Character.digit()</code>.  Note that this
     * will return positive values for code points for which isDigit
     * returns false, just like java.lang.Character.
     * <br><em>Semantic Change:</em> In release 1.3.1 and
     * prior, this did not treat the European letters as having a
     * digit value, and also treated numeric letters and other numbers as
     * digits.
     * This has been changed to conform to the java semantics.
     * <br>A code point is a valid digit if and only if:
     * <ul>
     *   <li>ch is a decimal digit or one of the european letters, and
     *   <li>the value of ch is less than the specified radix.
     * </ul>
     * @param ch the code point to query
     * @param radix the radix
     * @return the numeric value represented by the code point in the
     * specified radix, or -1 if the code point is not a decimal digit
     * or if its value is too large for the radix
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int digit(int ch, int radix)
    {
        if (2 <= radix && radix <= 36) {
            int value = digit(ch);
            if (value < 0) {
                // ch is not a decimal digit, try latin letters
                value = UCharacterProperty.getEuropeanDigit(ch);
            }
            return (value < radix) ? value : -1;
        } else {
            return -1;  // invalid radix
        }
    }

    
Returns the numeric value of a decimal digit code point.

This is a convenience overload of digit(int, int)
that provides a decimal radix.

Semantic Change: In release 1.3.1 and prior, this
treated numeric letters and other numbers as digits.  This has
been changed to conform to the java semantics.
Params:
ch – the code point to query
Returns:
the numeric value represented by the code point,
or -1 if the code point is not a decimal digit or if its
value is too large for a decimal radix
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns the numeric value of a decimal digit code point.
     * <br>This is a convenience overload of <code>digit(int, int)</code>
     * that provides a decimal radix.
     * <br><em>Semantic Change:</em> In release 1.3.1 and prior, this
     * treated numeric letters and other numbers as digits.  This has
     * been changed to conform to the java semantics.
     * @param ch the code point to query
     * @return the numeric value represented by the code point,
     * or -1 if the code point is not a decimal digit or if its
     * value is too large for a decimal radix
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int digit(int ch)
    {
        return UCharacterProperty.INSTANCE.digit(ch);
    }

    
Returns a value indicating a code point's Unicode category.
Up-to-date Unicode implementation of java.lang.Character.getType()
except for the above mentioned code points that had their category
changed.

Return results are constants from the interface
UCharacterCategory

NOTE: the UCharacterCategory values are not compatible with
those returned by java.lang.Character.getType.  UCharacterCategory values
match the ones used in ICU4C, while java.lang.Character type
values, though similar, skip the value 17.

Params:
ch – code point whose type is to be determined
Returns:
category which is a value of UCharacterCategory
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns a value indicating a code point's Unicode category.
     * Up-to-date Unicode implementation of java.lang.Character.getType()
     * except for the above mentioned code points that had their category
     * changed.<br>
     * Return results are constants from the interface
     * <a href=UCharacterCategory.html>UCharacterCategory</a><br>
     * <em>NOTE:</em> the UCharacterCategory values are <em>not</em> compatible with
     * those returned by java.lang.Character.getType.  UCharacterCategory values
     * match the ones used in ICU4C, while java.lang.Character type
     * values, though similar, skip the value 17.</p>
     * @param ch code point whose type is to be determined
     * @return category which is a value of UCharacterCategory
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int getType(int ch)
    {
        return UCharacterProperty.INSTANCE.getType(ch);
    }

    
Returns the Bidirection property of a code point.
For example, 0x0041 (letter A) has the LEFT_TO_RIGHT directional
property.

Result returned belongs to the interface
UCharacterDirection
Params:
ch – the code point to be determined its direction
Returns:
direction constant from UCharacterDirection.
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns the Bidirection property of a code point.
     * For example, 0x0041 (letter A) has the LEFT_TO_RIGHT directional
     * property.<br>
     * Result returned belongs to the interface
     * <a href=UCharacterDirection.html>UCharacterDirection</a>
     * @param ch the code point to be determined its direction
     * @return direction constant from UCharacterDirection.
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int getDirection(int ch)
    {
        return UBiDiProps.INSTANCE.getClass(ch);
    }

    
Maps the specified code point to a "mirror-image" code point.
For code points with the "mirrored" property, implementations sometimes
need a "poor man's" mapping to another code point such that the default
glyph may serve as the mirror-image of the default glyph of the
specified code point.

This is useful for text conversion to and from codepages with visual
order, and for displays without glyph selection capabilities.
Params:
ch – code point whose mirror is to be retrieved
Returns:
another code point that may serve as a mirror-image substitute,
        or ch itself if there is no such mapping or ch does not have the
        "mirrored" property
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Maps the specified code point to a "mirror-image" code point.
     * For code points with the "mirrored" property, implementations sometimes
     * need a "poor man's" mapping to another code point such that the default
     * glyph may serve as the mirror-image of the default glyph of the
     * specified code point.<br>
     * This is useful for text conversion to and from codepages with visual
     * order, and for displays without glyph selection capabilities.
     * @param ch code point whose mirror is to be retrieved
     * @return another code point that may serve as a mirror-image substitute,
     *         or ch itself if there is no such mapping or ch does not have the
     *         "mirrored" property
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int getMirror(int ch)
    {
        return UBiDiProps.INSTANCE.getMirror(ch);
    }

    
Maps the specified character to its paired bracket character.
For Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type!=None, this is the same as getMirror(int).
Otherwise c itself is returned.
See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/
Params:
c – the code point to be mapped
See Also:
BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET.BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET
BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET_TYPE.BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET_TYPE
getMirror(int)
Returns:
the paired bracket code point,
        or c itself if there is no such mapping
        (Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type=None)
@stable
ICU 52/**
     * Maps the specified character to its paired bracket character.
     * For Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type!=None, this is the same as getMirror(int).
     * Otherwise c itself is returned.
     * See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/
     *
     * @param c the code point to be mapped
     * @return the paired bracket code point,
     *         or c itself if there is no such mapping
     *         (Bidi_Paired_Bracket_Type=None)
     *
     * @see UProperty#BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET
     * @see UProperty#BIDI_PAIRED_BRACKET_TYPE
     * @see #getMirror(int)
     * @stable ICU 52
     */
    public static int getBidiPairedBracket(int c) {
        return UBiDiProps.INSTANCE.getPairedBracket(c);
    }

    
Returns the combining class of the argument codepoint
Params:
ch – code point whose combining is to be retrieved
Returns:
the combining class of the codepoint
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns the combining class of the argument codepoint
     * @param ch code point whose combining is to be retrieved
     * @return the combining class of the codepoint
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int getCombiningClass(int ch)
    {
        return Normalizer2.getNFDInstance().getCombiningClass(ch);
    }

    
Returns the version of Unicode data used.
Returns:
the unicode version number used
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns the version of Unicode data used.
     * @return the unicode version number used
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static VersionInfo getUnicodeVersion()
    {
        return UCharacterProperty.INSTANCE.m_unicodeVersion_;
    }

    
Returns a code point corresponding to the two UTF16 characters.
Params:
lead – the lead char
trail – the trail char
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException – thrown when argument characters do
           not form a valid codepoint
Returns:
code point if surrogate characters are valid.
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
     * Returns a code point corresponding to the two UTF16 characters.
     * @param lead the lead char
     * @param trail the trail char
     * @return code point if surrogate characters are valid.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException thrown when argument characters do
     *            not form a valid codepoint
     * @stable ICU 2.1
     */
    public static int getCodePoint(char lead, char trail)
    {
        if (UTF16.isLeadSurrogate(lead) && UTF16.isTrailSurrogate(trail)) {
            return UCharacterProperty.getRawSupplementary(lead, trail);
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal surrogate characters");
    }

    
Returns the "age" of the code point.

The "age" is the Unicode version when the code point was first
designated (as a non-character or for Private Use) or assigned a
character.
This can be useful to avoid emitting code points to receiving
processes that do not accept newer characters.
The data is from the UCD file DerivedAge.txt.
Params:
ch – The code point.
Returns:
the Unicode version number
@stable
ICU 2.6/**
     * Returns the "age" of the code point.</p>
     * <p>The "age" is the Unicode version when the code point was first
     * designated (as a non-character or for Private Use) or assigned a
     * character.
     * <p>This can be useful to avoid emitting code points to receiving
     * processes that do not accept newer characters.</p>
     * <p>The data is from the UCD file DerivedAge.txt.</p>
     * @param ch The code point.
     * @return the Unicode version number
     * @stable ICU 2.6
     */
    public static VersionInfo getAge(int ch)
    {
        if (ch < MIN_VALUE || ch > MAX_VALUE) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Codepoint out of bounds");
        }
        return UCharacterProperty.INSTANCE.getAge(ch);
    }

    
Returns the property value for an Unicode property type of a code point.
Also returns binary and mask property values.

Unicode, especially in version 3.2, defines many more properties than
the original set in UnicodeData.txt.
The properties APIs are intended to reflect Unicode properties as
defined in the Unicode Character Database (UCD) and Unicode Technical
Reports (UTR). For details about the properties see
http://www.unicode.org/.
For names of Unicode properties see the UCD file PropertyAliases.txt.

Sample usage:
int ea = UCharacter.getIntPropertyValue(c, UProperty.EAST_ASIAN_WIDTH);
int ideo = UCharacter.getIntPropertyValue(c, UProperty.IDEOGRAPHIC);
boolean b = (ideo == 1) ? true : false;

Params:
ch – code point to test.
type – UProperty selector constant, identifies which binary
       property to check. Must be
       UProperty.BINARY_START <= type < UProperty.BINARY_LIMIT or
       UProperty.INT_START <= type < UProperty.INT_LIMIT or
       UProperty.MASK_START <= type < UProperty.MASK_LIMIT.
See Also:
UProperty
hasBinaryProperty
getIntPropertyMinValue
getIntPropertyMaxValue
getUnicodeVersion
Returns:
numeric value that is directly the property value or,
        for enumerated properties, corresponds to the numeric value of
        the enumerated constant of the respective property value
        enumeration type (cast to enum type if necessary).
        Returns 0 or 1 (for false / true) for binary Unicode properties.
        Returns a bit-mask for mask properties.
        Returns 0 if 'type' is out of bounds or if the Unicode version
        does not have data for the property at all, or not for this code
        point.
@stable
ICU 2.4/**
     * Returns the property value for an Unicode property type of a code point.
     * Also returns binary and mask property values.</p>
     * <p>Unicode, especially in version 3.2, defines many more properties than
     * the original set in UnicodeData.txt.</p>
     * <p>The properties APIs are intended to reflect Unicode properties as
     * defined in the Unicode Character Database (UCD) and Unicode Technical
     * Reports (UTR). For details about the properties see
     * http://www.unicode.org/.</p>
     * <p>For names of Unicode properties see the UCD file PropertyAliases.txt.
     * </p>
     * <pre>
     * Sample usage:
     * int ea = UCharacter.getIntPropertyValue(c, UProperty.EAST_ASIAN_WIDTH);
     * int ideo = UCharacter.getIntPropertyValue(c, UProperty.IDEOGRAPHIC);
     * boolean b = (ideo == 1) ? true : false;
     * </pre>
     * @param ch code point to test.
     * @param type UProperty selector constant, identifies which binary
     *        property to check. Must be
     *        UProperty.BINARY_START &lt;= type &lt; UProperty.BINARY_LIMIT or
     *        UProperty.INT_START &lt;= type &lt; UProperty.INT_LIMIT or
     *        UProperty.MASK_START &lt;= type &lt; UProperty.MASK_LIMIT.
     * @return numeric value that is directly the property value or,
     *         for enumerated properties, corresponds to the numeric value of
     *         the enumerated constant of the respective property value
     *         enumeration type (cast to enum type if necessary).
     *         Returns 0 or 1 (for false / true) for binary Unicode properties.
     *         Returns a bit-mask for mask properties.
     *         Returns 0 if 'type' is out of bounds or if the Unicode version
     *         does not have data for the property at all, or not for this code
     *         point.
     * @see UProperty
     * @see #hasBinaryProperty
     * @see #getIntPropertyMinValue
     * @see #getIntPropertyMaxValue
     * @see #getUnicodeVersion
     * @stable ICU 2.4
     */
     // for BiDiBase.java
    public static int getIntPropertyValue(int ch, int type) {
        return UCharacterProperty.INSTANCE.getIntPropertyValue(ch, type);
    }

    // private constructor -----------------------------------------------

    
Private constructor to prevent instantiation
/**
     * Private constructor to prevent instantiation
     */
    private UCharacter() { }

      /*
       * Copied from UCharacterEnums.java
       */

        
Character type Mn
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Character type Mn
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final byte NON_SPACING_MARK        = 6;
        
Character type Me
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Character type Me
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final byte ENCLOSING_MARK          = 7;
        
Character type Mc
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Character type Mc
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final byte COMBINING_SPACING_MARK  = 8;
        
Character type count
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Character type count
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final byte CHAR_CATEGORY_COUNT     = 30;

        
Directional type R
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Directional type R
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final int RIGHT_TO_LEFT              = 1;
        
Directional type AL
@stable
ICU 2.1/**
         * Directional type AL
         * @stable ICU 2.1
         */
        public static final int RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC       = 13;
}