/*
 * Copyright (c) 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */
package jdk.vm.ci.hotspot;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

Support for translating exceptions between different runtime heaps.
/**
 * Support for translating exceptions between different runtime heaps.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
final class TranslatedException extends Exception {

    private TranslatedException(String message, Throwable translationFailure) {
        super("[" + translationFailure + "]" + Objects.toString(message, ""));
    }

    
No need to record an initial stack trace since it will be manually overwritten.
/**
     * No need to record an initial stack trace since it will be manually overwritten.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("sync-override")
    @Override
    public Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
        return this;
    }

    
Prints a stack trace for throwable and returns true. Used to print stack traces only when assertions are enabled. /**
     * Prints a stack trace for {@code throwable} and returns {@code true}. Used to print stack
     * traces only when assertions are enabled.
     */
    private static boolean printStackTrace(Throwable throwable) {
        throwable.printStackTrace();
        return true;
    }

    private static Throwable initCause(Throwable throwable, Throwable cause) {
        if (cause != null) {
            try {
                throwable.initCause(cause);
            } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
                // Cause could not be set or overwritten.
                assert printStackTrace(e);
            }
        }
        return throwable;
    }

    private static Throwable create(String className, String message, Throwable cause) {
        // Try create with reflection first.
        try {
            Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className);
            if (cause != null) {
                // Handle known exception types whose cause must be set in the constructor
                if (cls == InvocationTargetException.class) {
                    return new InvocationTargetException(cause, message);
                }
                if (cls == ExceptionInInitializerError.class) {
                    return new ExceptionInInitializerError(cause);
                }
            }
            if (message == null) {
                return initCause((Throwable) cls.getConstructor().newInstance(), cause);
            }
            cls.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
            return initCause((Throwable) cls.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance(message), cause);
        } catch (Throwable translationFailure) {
            if (className.equals(TranslatedException.class.getName())) {
                // Chop the class name when boxing another TranslatedException
                return initCause(new TranslatedException(message, translationFailure), cause);
            }
            return initCause(new TranslatedException(null, translationFailure), cause);
        }
    }

    
Encodes an exception message to distinguish a null message from an empty message.
Returns:
value with a space prepended iff value != null/**
     * Encodes an exception message to distinguish a null message from an empty message.
     *
     * @return {@code value} with a space prepended iff {@code value != null}
     */
    private static String encodeMessage(String value) {
        return value != null ? ' ' + value : value;
    }

    private static String decodeMessage(String value) {
        if (value.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        return value.substring(1);
    }

    private static String encodedString(String value) {
        return Objects.toString(value, "").replace('|', '_');
    }

    
Encodes throwable including its stack and causes as a string. The encoding format of a single exception is: 
 '|'  '|'  '|' [ '|'  '|'  '|'  '|' ]*

Each exception is encoded before the exception it causes.
/**
     * Encodes {@code throwable} including its stack and causes as a string. The encoding format of
     * a single exception is:
     *
     * <pre>
     * <exception class name> '|' <exception message> '|' <stack size> '|' [<class> '|' <method> '|' <file> '|' <line> '|' ]*
     * </pre>
     *
     * Each exception is encoded before the exception it causes.
     */
    @VMEntryPoint
    static String encodeThrowable(Throwable throwable) throws Throwable {
        try {
            Formatter enc = new Formatter();
            List<Throwable> throwables = new ArrayList<>();
            for (Throwable current = throwable; current != null; current = current.getCause()) {
                throwables.add(current);
            }

            // Encode from inner most cause outwards
            Collections.reverse(throwables);

            for (Throwable current : throwables) {
                enc.format("%s|%s|", current.getClass().getName(), encodedString(encodeMessage(current.getMessage())));
                StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = current.getStackTrace();
                if (stackTrace == null) {
                    stackTrace = new StackTraceElement[0];
                }
                enc.format("%d|", stackTrace.length);
                for (int i = 0; i < stackTrace.length; i++) {
                    StackTraceElement frame = stackTrace[i];
                    if (frame != null) {
                        enc.format("%s|%s|%s|%d|", frame.getClassName(), frame.getMethodName(),
                                        encodedString(frame.getFileName()), frame.getLineNumber());
                    }
                }
            }
            return enc.toString();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            assert printStackTrace(e);
            try {
                return e.getClass().getName() + "|" + encodedString(e.getMessage()) + "|0|";
            } catch (Throwable e2) {
                assert printStackTrace(e2);
                return "java.lang.Throwable|too many errors during encoding|0|";
            }
        }
    }

    
Gets the stack of the current thread without the frames between this call and the one just below the frame of the first method in CompilerToVM. The chopped frames are specific to the implementation of HotSpotJVMCIRuntime.decodeThrowable(String). /**
     * Gets the stack of the current thread without the frames between this call and the one just
     * below the frame of the first method in {@link CompilerToVM}. The chopped frames are specific
     * to the implementation of {@link HotSpotJVMCIRuntime#decodeThrowable(String)}.
     */
    private static StackTraceElement[] getStackTraceSuffix() {
        StackTraceElement[] stack = new Exception().getStackTrace();
        for (int i = 0; i < stack.length; i++) {
            StackTraceElement e = stack[i];
            if (e.getClassName().equals(CompilerToVM.class.getName())) {
                return Arrays.copyOfRange(stack, i, stack.length);
            }
        }
        // This should never happen but since we're in exception handling
        // code, just return a safe value instead raising a nested exception.
        return new StackTraceElement[0];
    }

    
Decodes encodedThrowable into a TranslatedException. 
Params:
encodedThrowable – an encoded exception in the format specified by encodeThrowable/**
     * Decodes {@code encodedThrowable} into a {@link TranslatedException}.
     *
     * @param encodedThrowable an encoded exception in the format specified by
     *            {@link #encodeThrowable}
     */
    @VMEntryPoint
    static Throwable decodeThrowable(String encodedThrowable) {
        try {
            int i = 0;
            String[] parts = encodedThrowable.split("\\|");
            Throwable cause = null;
            Throwable throwable = null;
            while (i != parts.length) {
                String exceptionClassName = parts[i++];
                String exceptionMessage = decodeMessage(parts[i++]);
                throwable = create(exceptionClassName, exceptionMessage, cause);
                int stackTraceDepth = Integer.parseInt(parts[i++]);

                StackTraceElement[] suffix = getStackTraceSuffix();
                StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new StackTraceElement[stackTraceDepth + suffix.length];
                for (int j = 0; j < stackTraceDepth; j++) {
                    String className = parts[i++];
                    String methodName = parts[i++];
                    String fileName = parts[i++];
                    int lineNumber = Integer.parseInt(parts[i++]);
                    if (fileName.isEmpty()) {
                        fileName = null;
                    }
                    stackTrace[j] = new StackTraceElement(className, methodName, fileName, lineNumber);
                }
                System.arraycopy(suffix, 0, stackTrace, stackTraceDepth, suffix.length);
                throwable.setStackTrace(stackTrace);
                cause = throwable;
            }
            return throwable;
        } catch (Throwable translationFailure) {
            assert printStackTrace(translationFailure);
            return new TranslatedException("Error decoding exception: " + encodedThrowable, translationFailure);
        }
    }
}