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package com.sun.media.sound;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException;
import javax.sound.midi.MetaMessage;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiDevice;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiEvent;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiMessage;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequence;
import javax.sound.midi.Track;

import static javax.sound.midi.SysexMessage.SPECIAL_SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE;
import static javax.sound.midi.SysexMessage.SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE;

// TODO:
// - define and use a global symbolic constant for 60000000 (see convertTempo)


Some utilities for MIDI (some stuff is used from javax.sound.midi)

Author:Florian Bomers
/**
 * Some utilities for MIDI (some stuff is used from javax.sound.midi)
 *
 * @author Florian Bomers
 */
public final class MidiUtils {

    public static final int DEFAULT_TEMPO_MPQ = 500000; // 120bpm
    public static final int META_END_OF_TRACK_TYPE = 0x2F;
    public static final int META_TEMPO_TYPE = 0x51;

    
Suppresses default constructor, ensuring non-instantiability.

/**
     * Suppresses default constructor, ensuring non-instantiability.
     */
    private MidiUtils() {
    }

    
Returns an exception which should be thrown if MidiDevice is unsupported.

Params:
  • info – an info object that describes the desired device
Returns:an exception instance
/**
     * Returns an exception which should be thrown if MidiDevice is unsupported.
     *
     * @param  info an info object that describes the desired device
     * @return an exception instance
     */
    static RuntimeException unsupportedDevice(final MidiDevice.Info info) {
        return new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                "MidiDevice %s not supported by this provider", info));
    }

    
Checks the status byte for the system exclusive message.

Params:
  • data – the system exclusive message data
  • length – the length of the valid message data in the array
Throws:
/**
     * Checks the status byte for the system exclusive message.
     *
     * @param  data the system exclusive message data
     * @param  length the length of the valid message data in the array
     * @throws InvalidMidiDataException if the status byte is invalid for a
     *         system exclusive message
     */
    public static void checkSysexStatus(final byte[] data, final int length)
            throws InvalidMidiDataException {
        if (data.length == 0 || length == 0) {
            throw new InvalidMidiDataException("Status byte is missing");
        }
        checkSysexStatus(data[0] & 0xFF);
    }

    
Checks the status byte for the system exclusive message.

Params:
  • status – the status byte for the message (0xF0 or 0xF7)
Throws:
/**
     * Checks the status byte for the system exclusive message.
     *
     * @param  status the status byte for the message (0xF0 or 0xF7)
     * @throws InvalidMidiDataException if the status byte is invalid for a
     *         system exclusive message
     */
    public static void checkSysexStatus(final int status)
            throws InvalidMidiDataException {
        if (status != SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE && status != SPECIAL_SYSTEM_EXCLUSIVE) {
            throw new InvalidMidiDataException(String.format(
                    "Invalid status byte for sysex message: 0x%X", status));
        }
    }

    
return true if the passed message is Meta End Of Track 
/** return true if the passed message is Meta End Of Track */
    public static boolean isMetaEndOfTrack(MidiMessage midiMsg) {
        // first check if it is a META message at all
        if (midiMsg.getLength() != 3
            || midiMsg.getStatus() != MetaMessage.META) {
            return false;
        }
        // now get message and check for end of track
        byte[] msg = midiMsg.getMessage();
        return ((msg[1] & 0xFF) == META_END_OF_TRACK_TYPE) && (msg[2] == 0);
    }

    
return if the given message is a meta tempo message 
/** return if the given message is a meta tempo message */
    public static boolean isMetaTempo(MidiMessage midiMsg) {
        // first check if it is a META message at all
        if (midiMsg.getLength() != 6
            || midiMsg.getStatus() != MetaMessage.META) {
            return false;
        }
        // now get message and check for tempo
        byte[] msg = midiMsg.getMessage();
        // meta type must be 0x51, and data length must be 3
        return ((msg[1] & 0xFF) == META_TEMPO_TYPE) && (msg[2] == 3);
    }

    
parses this message for a META tempo message and returns
the tempo in MPQ, or -1 if this isn't a tempo message

/** parses this message for a META tempo message and returns
     * the tempo in MPQ, or -1 if this isn't a tempo message
     */
    public static int getTempoMPQ(MidiMessage midiMsg) {
        // first check if it is a META message at all
        if (midiMsg.getLength() != 6
            || midiMsg.getStatus() != MetaMessage.META) {
            return -1;
        }
        byte[] msg = midiMsg.getMessage();
        if (((msg[1] & 0xFF) != META_TEMPO_TYPE) || (msg[2] != 3)) {
            return -1;
        }
        int tempo =    (msg[5] & 0xFF)
                    | ((msg[4] & 0xFF) << 8)
                    | ((msg[3] & 0xFF) << 16);
        return tempo;
    }

    
converts

1 - MPQ-Tempo to BPM tempo

2 - BPM tempo to MPQ tempo


/**
     * converts<br>
     * 1 - MPQ-Tempo to BPM tempo<br>
     * 2 - BPM tempo to MPQ tempo<br>
     */
    public static double convertTempo(double tempo) {
        if (tempo <= 0) {
            tempo = 1;
        }
        return ((double) 60000000l) / tempo;
    }

    
convert tick to microsecond with given tempo.
Does not take tempo changes into account.
Does not work for SMPTE timing!

/**
     * convert tick to microsecond with given tempo.
     * Does not take tempo changes into account.
     * Does not work for SMPTE timing!
     */
    public static long ticks2microsec(long tick, double tempoMPQ, int resolution) {
        return (long) (((double) tick) * tempoMPQ / resolution);
    }

    
convert tempo to microsecond with given tempo
Does not take tempo changes into account.
Does not work for SMPTE timing!

/**
     * convert tempo to microsecond with given tempo
     * Does not take tempo changes into account.
     * Does not work for SMPTE timing!
     */
    public static long microsec2ticks(long us, double tempoMPQ, int resolution) {
        // do not round to nearest tick
        //return (long) Math.round((((double)us) * resolution) / tempoMPQ);
        return (long) ((((double)us) * resolution) / tempoMPQ);
    }

    
Given a tick, convert to microsecond

Params:
  • cache – tempo info and current tempo
/**
     * Given a tick, convert to microsecond
     * @param cache tempo info and current tempo
     */
    public static long tick2microsecond(Sequence seq, long tick, TempoCache cache) {
        if (seq.getDivisionType() != Sequence.PPQ ) {
            double seconds = ((double)tick / (double)(seq.getDivisionType() * seq.getResolution()));
            return (long) (1000000 * seconds);
        }

        if (cache == null) {
            cache = new TempoCache(seq);
        }

        int resolution = seq.getResolution();

        long[] ticks = cache.ticks;
        int[] tempos = cache.tempos; // in MPQ
        int cacheCount = tempos.length;

        // optimization to not always go through entire list of tempo events
        int snapshotIndex = cache.snapshotIndex;
        int snapshotMicro = cache.snapshotMicro;

        // walk through all tempo changes and add time for the respective blocks
        long us = 0; // microsecond

        if (snapshotIndex <= 0
            || snapshotIndex >= cacheCount
            || ticks[snapshotIndex] > tick) {
            snapshotMicro = 0;
            snapshotIndex = 0;
        }
        if (cacheCount > 0) {
            // this implementation needs a tempo event at tick 0!
            int i = snapshotIndex + 1;
            while (i < cacheCount && ticks[i] <= tick) {
                snapshotMicro += ticks2microsec(ticks[i] - ticks[i - 1], tempos[i - 1], resolution);
                snapshotIndex = i;
                i++;
            }
            us = snapshotMicro
                + ticks2microsec(tick - ticks[snapshotIndex],
                                 tempos[snapshotIndex],
                                 resolution);
        }
        cache.snapshotIndex = snapshotIndex;
        cache.snapshotMicro = snapshotMicro;
        return us;
    }

    
Given a microsecond time, convert to tick.
returns tempo at the given time in cache.getCurrTempoMPQ

/**
     * Given a microsecond time, convert to tick.
     * returns tempo at the given time in cache.getCurrTempoMPQ
     */
    public static long microsecond2tick(Sequence seq, long micros, TempoCache cache) {
        if (seq.getDivisionType() != Sequence.PPQ ) {
            double dTick = ( ((double) micros)
                           * ((double) seq.getDivisionType())
                           * ((double) seq.getResolution()))
                           / ((double) 1000000);
            long tick = (long) dTick;
            if (cache != null) {
                cache.currTempo = (int) cache.getTempoMPQAt(tick);
            }
            return tick;
        }

        if (cache == null) {
            cache = new TempoCache(seq);
        }
        long[] ticks = cache.ticks;
        int[] tempos = cache.tempos; // in MPQ
        int cacheCount = tempos.length;

        int resolution = seq.getResolution();

        long us = 0; long tick = 0; int newReadPos = 0; int i = 1;

        // walk through all tempo changes and add time for the respective blocks
        // to find the right tick
        if (micros > 0 && cacheCount > 0) {
            // this loop requires that the first tempo Event is at time 0
            while (i < cacheCount) {
                long nextTime = us + ticks2microsec(ticks[i] - ticks[i - 1],
                                                    tempos[i - 1], resolution);
                if (nextTime > micros) {
                    break;
                }
                us = nextTime;
                i++;
            }
            tick = ticks[i - 1] + microsec2ticks(micros - us, tempos[i - 1], resolution);
            if (Printer.debug) Printer.debug("microsecond2tick(" + (micros / 1000)+") = "+tick+" ticks.");
            //if (Printer.debug) Printer.debug("   -> convert back = " + (tick2microsecond(seq, tick, null) / 1000)+" microseconds");
        }
        cache.currTempo = tempos[i - 1];
        return tick;
    }

    
Binary search for the event indexes of the track

Params:
  • tick –  tick number of index to be found in array
Returns:index in track which is on or after "tick".
  if no entries are found that follow after tick, track.size() is returned
/**
     * Binary search for the event indexes of the track
     *
     * @param tick  tick number of index to be found in array
     * @return index in track which is on or after "tick".
     *   if no entries are found that follow after tick, track.size() is returned
     */
    public static int tick2index(Track track, long tick) {
        int ret = 0;
        if (tick > 0) {
            int low = 0;
            int high = track.size() - 1;
            while (low < high) {
                // take the middle event as estimate
                ret = (low + high) >> 1;
                // tick of estimate
                long t = track.get(ret).getTick();
                if (t == tick) {
                    break;
                } else if (t < tick) {
                    // estimate too low
                    if (low == high - 1) {
                        // "or after tick"
                        ret++;
                        break;
                    }
                    low = ret;
                } else { // if (t>tick)
                    // estimate too high
                    high = ret;
                }
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public static final class TempoCache {
        long[] ticks;
        int[] tempos; // in MPQ
        // index in ticks/tempos at the snapshot
        int snapshotIndex = 0;
        // microsecond at the snapshot
        int snapshotMicro = 0;

        int currTempo; // MPQ, used as return value for microsecond2tick

        private boolean firstTempoIsFake = false;

        public TempoCache() {
            // just some defaults, to prevents weird stuff
            ticks = new long[1];
            tempos = new int[1];
            tempos[0] = DEFAULT_TEMPO_MPQ;
            snapshotIndex = 0;
            snapshotMicro = 0;
        }

        public TempoCache(Sequence seq) {
            this();
            refresh(seq);
        }

        public synchronized void refresh(Sequence seq) {
            ArrayList<MidiEvent> list = new ArrayList<>();
            Track[] tracks = seq.getTracks();
            if (tracks.length > 0) {
                // tempo events only occur in track 0
                Track track = tracks[0];
                int c = track.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) {
                    MidiEvent ev = track.get(i);
                    MidiMessage msg = ev.getMessage();
                    if (isMetaTempo(msg)) {
                        // found a tempo event. Add it to the list
                        list.add(ev);
                    }
                }
            }
            int size = list.size() + 1;
            firstTempoIsFake = true;
            if ((size > 1)
                && (list.get(0).getTick() == 0)) {
                // do not need to add an initial tempo event at the beginning
                size--;
                firstTempoIsFake = false;
            }
            ticks  = new long[size];
            tempos = new int[size];
            int e = 0;
            if (firstTempoIsFake) {
                // add tempo 120 at beginning
                ticks[0] = 0;
                tempos[0] = DEFAULT_TEMPO_MPQ;
                e++;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++, e++) {
                MidiEvent evt = list.get(i);
                ticks[e] = evt.getTick();
                tempos[e] = getTempoMPQ(evt.getMessage());
            }
            snapshotIndex = 0;
            snapshotMicro = 0;
        }

        public int getCurrTempoMPQ() {
            return currTempo;
        }

        float getTempoMPQAt(long tick) {
            return getTempoMPQAt(tick, -1.0f);
        }

        synchronized float getTempoMPQAt(long tick, float startTempoMPQ) {
            for (int i = 0; i < ticks.length; i++) {
                if (ticks[i] > tick) {
                    if (i > 0) i--;
                    if (startTempoMPQ > 0 && i == 0 && firstTempoIsFake) {
                        return startTempoMPQ;
                    }
                    return (float) tempos[i];
                }
            }
            return tempos[tempos.length - 1];
        }
    }
}