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package java.util.spi;

import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;


An interface for command-line tools to provide a way to
be invoked without necessarily starting a new VM.

Tool providers are normally located using the service-provider loading facility defined by ServiceLoader. Each provider must provide a name, and a method to run an instance of the corresponding tool. When a tool is run, it will be provided with an array of string arguments, and a pair of streams: one for normal (or expected) output and the other for reporting any errors that may occur. The interpretation of the string arguments will normally be defined by each individual tool provider, but will generally correspond to the arguments that could be provided to the tool when invoking the tool from the command line. 
Since:9
/**
 * An interface for command-line tools to provide a way to
 * be invoked without necessarily starting a new VM.
 *
 * <p>Tool providers are normally located using the service-provider
 * loading facility defined by {@link ServiceLoader}.
 * Each provider must provide a name, and a method to run
 * an instance of the corresponding tool. When a tool is run,
 * it will be provided with an array of string arguments, and a
 * pair of streams: one for normal (or expected) output and the other
 * for reporting any errors that may occur.
 * The interpretation of the string arguments will normally be defined by
 * each individual tool provider, but will generally correspond to the
 * arguments that could be provided to the tool when invoking the tool
 * from the command line.
 *
 * @since 9
 */
public interface ToolProvider {
    
Returns the name of this tool provider.

API Note:It is recommended that the name be the same as would be
used on the command line: for example, "javac", "jar", "jlink".
Returns:the name of this tool provider
/**
     * Returns the name of this tool provider.
     *
     * @apiNote It is recommended that the name be the same as would be
     * used on the command line: for example, "javac", "jar", "jlink".
     *
     * @return the name of this tool provider
     */
    String name();

    
Runs an instance of the tool, returning zero for a successful run.
Any non-zero return value indicates a tool-specific error during the
execution.
Two streams should be provided, for "expected" output, and for any
error messages. If it is not necessary to distinguish the output,
the same stream may be used for both.

Params:
  • out – a stream to which "expected" output should be written
  • err – a stream to which any error messages should be written
  • args – the command-line arguments for the tool
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – if any of the arguments are null, or if there are any null values in the args array
API Note:The interpretation of the arguments will be specific to
each tool.
Returns:the result of executing the tool.
        A return value of 0 means the tool did not encounter any errors;
        any other value indicates that at least one error occurred
        during execution.
/**
     * Runs an instance of the tool, returning zero for a successful run.
     * Any non-zero return value indicates a tool-specific error during the
     * execution.
     *
     * Two streams should be provided, for "expected" output, and for any
     * error messages. If it is not necessary to distinguish the output,
     * the same stream may be used for both.
     *
     * @apiNote The interpretation of the arguments will be specific to
     * each tool.
     *
     * @param out a stream to which "expected" output should be written
     *
     * @param err a stream to which any error messages should be written
     *
     * @param args the command-line arguments for the tool
     *
     * @return the result of executing the tool.
     *         A return value of 0 means the tool did not encounter any errors;
     *         any other value indicates that at least one error occurred
     *         during execution.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are {@code null},
     *         or if there are any {@code null} values in the {@code args}
     *         array
     */
    int run(PrintWriter out, PrintWriter err, String... args);

    
Runs an instance of the tool, returning zero for a successful run.
Any non-zero return value indicates a tool-specific error during the
execution.
Two streams should be provided, for "expected" output, and for any
error messages. If it is not necessary to distinguish the output,
the same stream may be used for both.

Params:
  • out – a stream to which "expected" output should be written
  • err – a stream to which any error messages should be written
  • args – the command-line arguments for the tool
Throws:
  • NullPointerException – if any of the arguments are null, or if there are any null values in the args array
API Note:The interpretation of the arguments will be specific to
each tool.
Implementation Note:This implementation wraps the out and err streams within PrintWriters, and then calls run(PrintWriter, PrintWriter, String[]).
Returns:the result of executing the tool.
        A return value of 0 means the tool did not encounter any errors;
        any other value indicates that at least one error occurred
        during execution.
/**
     * Runs an instance of the tool, returning zero for a successful run.
     * Any non-zero return value indicates a tool-specific error during the
     * execution.
     *
     * Two streams should be provided, for "expected" output, and for any
     * error messages. If it is not necessary to distinguish the output,
     * the same stream may be used for both.
     *
     * @apiNote The interpretation of the arguments will be specific to
     * each tool.
     *
     * @implNote This implementation wraps the {@code out} and {@code err}
     * streams within {@link PrintWriter}s, and then calls
     * {@link #run(PrintWriter, PrintWriter, String[])}.
     *
     * @param out a stream to which "expected" output should be written
     *
     * @param err a stream to which any error messages should be written
     *
     * @param args the command-line arguments for the tool
     *
     * @return the result of executing the tool.
     *         A return value of 0 means the tool did not encounter any errors;
     *         any other value indicates that at least one error occurred
     *         during execution.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if any of the arguments are {@code null},
     *         or if there are any {@code null} values in the {@code args}
     *         array
     */
    default int run(PrintStream out, PrintStream err, String... args) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(out);
        Objects.requireNonNull(err);
        for (String arg : args) {
            Objects.requireNonNull(args);
        }

        PrintWriter outWriter = new PrintWriter(out);
        PrintWriter errWriter = new PrintWriter(err);
        try {
            try {
                return run(outWriter, errWriter, args);
            } finally {
                outWriter.flush();
            }
        } finally {
            errWriter.flush();
        }
    }

    
Returns the first instance of a ToolProvider with the given name, as loaded by ServiceLoader using the system class loader. 
Params:
  • name – the name of the desired tool provider
Throws:
Returns:an Optional<ToolProvider> of the first instance found
/**
     * Returns the first instance of a {@code ToolProvider} with the given name,
     * as loaded by {@link ServiceLoader} using the system class loader.
     *
     * @param name the name of the desired tool provider
     *
     * @return an {@code Optional<ToolProvider>} of the first instance found
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
     */
    static Optional<ToolProvider> findFirst(String name) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(name);
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        return AccessController.doPrivileged(
            (PrivilegedAction<Optional<ToolProvider>>) () -> {
                ServiceLoader<ToolProvider> sl =
                    ServiceLoader.load(ToolProvider.class, systemClassLoader);
                return StreamSupport.stream(sl.spliterator(), false)
                    .filter(p -> p.name().equals(name))
                    .findFirst();
            });
    }
}