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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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package java.time.chrono;

import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY;

import java.io.FilePermission;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.DateTimeException;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger;

The Hijrah calendar is a lunar calendar supporting Islamic calendars.

The HijrahChronology follows the rules of the Hijrah calendar system. The Hijrah
calendar has several variants based on differences in when the new moon is
determined to have occurred and where the observation is made.
In some variants the length of each month is
computed algorithmically from the astronomical data for the moon and earth and
in others the length of the month is determined by an authorized sighting
of the new moon. For the algorithmically based calendars the calendar
can project into the future.
For sighting based calendars only historical data from past
sightings is available.

The length of each month is 29 or 30 days.
Ordinary years have 354 days; leap years have 355 days.

CLDR and LDML identify variants:

Variants of Hijrah Calendars


Chronology ID
Calendar Type
Locale extension, see Locale
Description




Hijrah-umalqura
islamic-umalqura
ca-islamic-umalqura
Islamic - Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia



Additional variants may be available through Chronology.getAvailableChronologies(). 
Example
 Selecting the chronology from the locale uses Chronology.ofLocale to find the Chronology based on Locale supported BCP 47 extension mechanism to request a specific calendar ("ca"). For example, 
     Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("en-US-u-ca-islamic-umalqura");
     Chronology chrono = Chronology.ofLocale(locale);

Implementation Requirements:

This class is immutable and thread-safe.
Implementation Note:
 Each Hijrah variant is configured individually. Each variant is defined by a property resource that defines the ID, the calendar type, the start of the calendar, the alignment with the ISO calendar, and the length of each month for a range of years. The variants are loaded by HijrahChronology as a resource from hijrah-config-<calendar type>.properties. 
 The Hijrah property resource is a set of properties that describe the calendar. The syntax is defined by java.util.Properties#load(Reader). 

Configuration of Hijrah Calendar


Property Name
Property value
Description




id
Chronology Id, for example, "Hijrah-umalqura"
The Id of the calendar in common usage


type
Calendar type, for example, "islamic-umalqura"
LDML defines the calendar types


version
Version, for example: "1.8.0_1"
The version of the Hijrah variant data


iso-start
ISO start date, formatted as yyyy-MM-dd, for example: "1900-04-30"
The ISO date of the first day of the minimum Hijrah year.


yyyy - a numeric 4 digit year, for example "1434"
The value is a sequence of 12 month lengths,
for example: "29 30 29 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 29 29"
The lengths of the 12 months of the year separated by whitespace.
A numeric year property must be present for every year without any gaps.
The month lengths must be between 29-32 inclusive.



Since:
1.8/**
 * The Hijrah calendar is a lunar calendar supporting Islamic calendars.
 * <p>
 * The HijrahChronology follows the rules of the Hijrah calendar system. The Hijrah
 * calendar has several variants based on differences in when the new moon is
 * determined to have occurred and where the observation is made.
 * In some variants the length of each month is
 * computed algorithmically from the astronomical data for the moon and earth and
 * in others the length of the month is determined by an authorized sighting
 * of the new moon. For the algorithmically based calendars the calendar
 * can project into the future.
 * For sighting based calendars only historical data from past
 * sightings is available.
 * <p>
 * The length of each month is 29 or 30 days.
 * Ordinary years have 354 days; leap years have 355 days.
 *
 * <p>
 * CLDR and LDML identify variants:
 * <table class="striped" style="text-align:left">
 * <caption style="display:none">Variants of Hijrah Calendars</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="col">Chronology ID</th>
 * <th scope="col">Calendar Type</th>
 * <th scope="col">Locale extension, see {@link java.util.Locale}</th>
 * <th scope="col">Description</th>
 * </tr>
 * </thead>
 * <tbody>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">Hijrah-umalqura</th>
 * <td>islamic-umalqura</td>
 * <td>ca-islamic-umalqura</td>
 * <td>Islamic - Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia</td>
 * </tr>
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 * <p>Additional variants may be available through {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies()}.
 *
 * <p>Example</p>
 * <p>
 * Selecting the chronology from the locale uses {@link Chronology#ofLocale}
 * to find the Chronology based on Locale supported BCP 47 extension mechanism
 * to request a specific calendar ("ca"). For example,
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 *      Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("en-US-u-ca-islamic-umalqura");
 *      Chronology chrono = Chronology.ofLocale(locale);
 * </pre>
 *
 * @implSpec
 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 *
 * @implNote
 * Each Hijrah variant is configured individually. Each variant is defined by a
 * property resource that defines the {@code ID}, the {@code calendar type},
 * the start of the calendar, the alignment with the
 * ISO calendar, and the length of each month for a range of years.
 * The variants are loaded by HijrahChronology as a resource from
 * hijrah-config-&lt;calendar type&gt;.properties.
 * <p>
 * The Hijrah property resource is a set of properties that describe the calendar.
 * The syntax is defined by {@code java.util.Properties#load(Reader)}.
 * <table class="striped" style="text-align:left">
 * <caption style="display:none">Configuration of Hijrah Calendar</caption>
 * <thead>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="col">Property Name</th>
 * <th scope="col">Property value</th>
 * <th scope="col">Description</th>
 * </tr>
 * </thead>
 * <tbody>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">id</th>
 * <td>Chronology Id, for example, "Hijrah-umalqura"</td>
 * <td>The Id of the calendar in common usage</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">type</th>
 * <td>Calendar type, for example, "islamic-umalqura"</td>
 * <td>LDML defines the calendar types</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">version</th>
 * <td>Version, for example: "1.8.0_1"</td>
 * <td>The version of the Hijrah variant data</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">iso-start</th>
 * <td>ISO start date, formatted as {@code yyyy-MM-dd}, for example: "1900-04-30"</td>
 * <td>The ISO date of the first day of the minimum Hijrah year.</td>
 * </tr>
 * <tr>
 * <th scope="row">yyyy - a numeric 4 digit year, for example "1434"</th>
 * <td>The value is a sequence of 12 month lengths,
 * for example: "29 30 29 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 29 29"</td>
 * <td>The lengths of the 12 months of the year separated by whitespace.
 * A numeric year property must be present for every year without any gaps.
 * The month lengths must be between 29-32 inclusive.
 * </td>
 * </tr>
 * </tbody>
 * </table>
 *
 * @since 1.8
 */
public final class HijrahChronology extends AbstractChronology implements Serializable {

    
The Hijrah Calendar id.
/**
     * The Hijrah Calendar id.
     */
    private final transient String typeId;
    
The Hijrah calendarType.
/**
     * The Hijrah calendarType.
     */
    private final transient String calendarType;
    
Serialization version.
/**
     * Serialization version.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3127340209035924785L;
    
Singleton instance of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia. Other Hijrah chronology variants may be available from Chronology.getAvailableChronologies. /**
     * Singleton instance of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.
     * Other Hijrah chronology variants may be available from
     * {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies}.
     */
    public static final HijrahChronology INSTANCE;
    
Flag to indicate the initialization of configuration data is complete.
See Also:
checkCalendarInit()/**
     * Flag to indicate the initialization of configuration data is complete.
     * @see #checkCalendarInit()
     */
    private transient volatile boolean initComplete;
    
Array of epoch days indexed by Hijrah Epoch month. Computed by loadCalendarData. /**
     * Array of epoch days indexed by Hijrah Epoch month.
     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.
     */
    private transient int[] hijrahEpochMonthStartDays;
    
The minimum epoch day of this Hijrah calendar. Computed by loadCalendarData. /**
     * The minimum epoch day of this Hijrah calendar.
     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.
     */
    private transient int minEpochDay;
    
The maximum epoch day for which calendar data is available. Computed by loadCalendarData. /**
     * The maximum epoch day for which calendar data is available.
     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.
     */
    private transient int maxEpochDay;
    
The minimum epoch month. Computed by loadCalendarData. /**
     * The minimum epoch month.
     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.
     */
    private transient int hijrahStartEpochMonth;
    
The minimum length of a month. Computed by createEpochMonths. /**
     * The minimum length of a month.
     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.
     */
    private transient int minMonthLength;
    
The maximum length of a month. Computed by createEpochMonths. /**
     * The maximum length of a month.
     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.
     */
    private transient int maxMonthLength;
    
The minimum length of a year in days. Computed by createEpochMonths. /**
     * The minimum length of a year in days.
     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.
     */
    private transient int minYearLength;
    
The maximum length of a year in days. Computed by createEpochMonths. /**
     * The maximum length of a year in days.
     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.
     */
    private transient int maxYearLength;

    
Prefix of resource names for Hijrah calendar variants.
/**
     * Prefix of resource names for Hijrah calendar variants.
     */
    private static final String RESOURCE_PREFIX = "hijrah-config-";

    
Suffix of resource names for Hijrah calendar variants.
/**
     * Suffix of resource names for Hijrah calendar variants.
     */
    private static final String RESOURCE_SUFFIX = ".properties";

    
Static initialization of the built-in calendars.
The data is not loaded until it is used.
/**
     * Static initialization of the built-in calendars.
     * The data is not loaded until it is used.
     */
    static {
        INSTANCE = new HijrahChronology("Hijrah-umalqura", "islamic-umalqura");
        // Register it by its aliases
        AbstractChronology.registerChrono(INSTANCE, "Hijrah");
        AbstractChronology.registerChrono(INSTANCE, "islamic");
    }

    
Create a HijrahChronology for the named variant and type.
Params:
id – the id of the calendar
calType – the typeId of the calendar
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException – if the id or typeId is empty/**
     * Create a HijrahChronology for the named variant and type.
     *
     * @param id the id of the calendar
     * @param calType the typeId of the calendar
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the id or typeId is empty
     */
    private HijrahChronology(String id, String calType) {
        if (id.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("calendar id is empty");
        }
        if (calType.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("calendar typeId is empty");
        }
        this.typeId = id;
        this.calendarType = calType;
    }

    
Check and ensure that the calendar data has been initialized. The initialization check is performed at the boundary between public and package methods. If a public calls another public method a check is not necessary in the caller. The constructors of HijrahDate call getEpochDay or getHijrahDateInfo so every call from HijrahDate to a HijrahChronology via package private methods has been checked. 
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the calendar data configuration is
    malformed or IOExceptions occur loading the data/**
     * Check and ensure that the calendar data has been initialized.
     * The initialization check is performed at the boundary between
     * public and package methods.  If a public calls another public method
     * a check is not necessary in the caller.
     * The constructors of HijrahDate call {@link #getEpochDay} or
     * {@link #getHijrahDateInfo} so every call from HijrahDate to a
     * HijrahChronology via package private methods has been checked.
     *
     * @throws DateTimeException if the calendar data configuration is
     *     malformed or IOExceptions occur loading the data
     */
    private void checkCalendarInit() {
        // Keep this short so it can be inlined for performance
        if (initComplete == false) {
            loadCalendarData();
            initComplete = true;
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Gets the ID of the chronology.
 The ID uniquely identifies the Chronology. It can be used to lookup the Chronology using Chronology.of(String). 
See Also:
getCalendarType()
Returns:
the chronology ID, non-null/**
     * Gets the ID of the chronology.
     * <p>
     * The ID uniquely identifies the {@code Chronology}. It can be used to
     * lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link Chronology#of(String)}.
     *
     * @return the chronology ID, non-null
     * @see #getCalendarType()
     */
    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return typeId;
    }

    
Gets the calendar type of the Islamic calendar.

The calendar type is an identifier defined by the
Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML) specification. It can be used to lookup the Chronology using Chronology.of(String). 
See Also:
getId()
Returns:
the calendar system type; non-null if the calendar has
   a standard type, otherwise null/**
     * Gets the calendar type of the Islamic calendar.
     * <p>
     * The calendar type is an identifier defined by the
     * <em>Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</em> specification.
     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link Chronology#of(String)}.
     *
     * @return the calendar system type; non-null if the calendar has
     *    a standard type, otherwise null
     * @see #getId()
     */
    @Override
    public String getCalendarType() {
        return calendarType;
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
era, year-of-era, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
Params:
era –  the Hijrah era, not null
yearOfEra –  the year-of-era
month –  the month-of-year
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to create the date
ClassCastException – if the era is not a HijrahEra
Returns:
the Hijrah local date, not null/**
     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
     * era, year-of-era, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
     *
     * @param era  the Hijrah era, not null
     * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era
     * @param month  the month-of-year
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month
     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
     * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code HijrahEra}
     */
    @Override
    public HijrahDate date(Era era, int yearOfEra, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        return date(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    
Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
Params:
prolepticYear –  the proleptic-year
month –  the month-of-year
dayOfMonth –  the day-of-month
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to create the date
Returns:
the Hijrah local date, not null/**
     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
     * proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year
     * @param month  the month-of-year
     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month
     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
     */
    @Override
    public HijrahDate date(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth) {
        return HijrahDate.of(this, prolepticYear, month, dayOfMonth);
    }

    
Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
era, year-of-era and day-of-year fields.
Params:
era –  the Hijrah era, not null
yearOfEra –  the year-of-era
dayOfYear –  the day-of-year
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to create the date
ClassCastException – if the era is not a HijrahEra
Returns:
the Hijrah local date, not null/**
     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
     * era, year-of-era and day-of-year fields.
     *
     * @param era  the Hijrah era, not null
     * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era
     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year
     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
     * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code HijrahEra}
     */
    @Override
    public HijrahDate dateYearDay(Era era, int yearOfEra, int dayOfYear) {
        return dateYearDay(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), dayOfYear);
    }

    
Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
proleptic-year and day-of-year fields.
Params:
prolepticYear –  the proleptic-year
dayOfYear –  the day-of-year
Throws:
DateTimeException – if the value of the year is out of range,
 or if the day-of-year is invalid for the year
Returns:
the Hijrah local date, not null/**
     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the
     * proleptic-year and day-of-year fields.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year
     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year
     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of the year is out of range,
     *  or if the day-of-year is invalid for the year
     */
    @Override
    public HijrahDate dateYearDay(int prolepticYear, int dayOfYear) {
        HijrahDate date = HijrahDate.of(this, prolepticYear, 1, 1);
        if (dayOfYear > date.lengthOfYear()) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid dayOfYear: " + dayOfYear);
        }
        return date.plusDays(dayOfYear - 1);
    }

    
Obtains a local date in the Hijrah calendar system from the epoch-day.
Params:
epochDay –  the epoch day
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to create the date
Returns:
the Hijrah local date, not null/**
     * Obtains a local date in the Hijrah calendar system from the epoch-day.
     *
     * @param epochDay  the epoch day
     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date
     */
    @Override  // override with covariant return type
    public HijrahDate dateEpochDay(long epochDay) {
        return HijrahDate.ofEpochDay(this, epochDay);
    }

    @Override
    public HijrahDate dateNow() {
        return dateNow(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
    }

    @Override
    public HijrahDate dateNow(ZoneId zone) {
        return dateNow(Clock.system(zone));
    }

    @Override
    public HijrahDate dateNow(Clock clock) {
        return date(LocalDate.now(clock));
    }

    @Override
    public HijrahDate date(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        if (temporal instanceof HijrahDate) {
            return (HijrahDate) temporal;
        }
        return HijrahDate.ofEpochDay(this, temporal.getLong(EPOCH_DAY));
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public ChronoLocalDateTime<HijrahDate> localDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        return (ChronoLocalDateTime<HijrahDate>) super.localDateTime(temporal);
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public ChronoZonedDateTime<HijrahDate> zonedDateTime(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
        return (ChronoZonedDateTime<HijrahDate>) super.zonedDateTime(temporal);
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public ChronoZonedDateTime<HijrahDate> zonedDateTime(Instant instant, ZoneId zone) {
        return (ChronoZonedDateTime<HijrahDate>) super.zonedDateTime(instant, zone);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Override
    public boolean isLeapYear(long prolepticYear) {
        checkCalendarInit();
        if (prolepticYear < getMinimumYear() || prolepticYear > getMaximumYear()) {
            return false;
        }
        int len = getYearLength((int) prolepticYear);
        return (len > 354);
    }

    @Override
    public int prolepticYear(Era era, int yearOfEra) {
        if (era instanceof HijrahEra == false) {
            throw new ClassCastException("Era must be HijrahEra");
        }
        return yearOfEra;
    }

    
Creates the HijrahEra object from the numeric value.
The Hijrah calendar system has only one era covering the
proleptic years greater than zero.
This method returns the singleton HijrahEra for the value 1.
Params:
eraValue –  the era value
Throws:
DateTimeException – if unable to create the era
Returns:
the calendar system era, not null/**
     * Creates the HijrahEra object from the numeric value.
     * The Hijrah calendar system has only one era covering the
     * proleptic years greater than zero.
     * This method returns the singleton HijrahEra for the value 1.
     *
     * @param eraValue  the era value
     * @return the calendar system era, not null
     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the era
     */
    @Override
    public HijrahEra eraOf(int eraValue) {
        switch (eraValue) {
            case 1:
                return HijrahEra.AH;
            default:
                throw new DateTimeException("invalid Hijrah era");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Era> eras() {
        return List.of(HijrahEra.values());
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Override
    public ValueRange range(ChronoField field) {
        checkCalendarInit();
        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
            ChronoField f = field;
            switch (f) {
                case DAY_OF_MONTH:
                    return ValueRange.of(1, 1, getMinimumMonthLength(), getMaximumMonthLength());
                case DAY_OF_YEAR:
                    return ValueRange.of(1, getMaximumDayOfYear());
                case ALIGNED_WEEK_OF_MONTH:
                    return ValueRange.of(1, 5);
                case YEAR:
                case YEAR_OF_ERA:
                    return ValueRange.of(getMinimumYear(), getMaximumYear());
                case ERA:
                    return ValueRange.of(1, 1);
                default:
                    return field.range();
            }
        }
        return field.range();
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Override  // override for return type
    public HijrahDate resolveDate(Map<TemporalField, Long> fieldValues, ResolverStyle resolverStyle) {
        return (HijrahDate) super.resolveDate(fieldValues, resolverStyle);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Check the validity of a year.
Params:
prolepticYear – the year to check/**
     * Check the validity of a year.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear the year to check
     */
    int checkValidYear(long prolepticYear) {
        if (prolepticYear < getMinimumYear() || prolepticYear > getMaximumYear()) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah year: " + prolepticYear);
        }
        return (int) prolepticYear;
    }

    void checkValidDayOfYear(int dayOfYear) {
        if (dayOfYear < 1 || dayOfYear > getMaximumDayOfYear()) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah day of year: " + dayOfYear);
        }
    }

    void checkValidMonth(int month) {
        if (month < 1 || month > 12) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah month: " + month);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Returns an array containing the Hijrah year, month and day
computed from the epoch day.
Params:
epochDay –  the EpochDay
Returns:
int[0] = YEAR, int[1] = MONTH, int[2] = DATE/**
     * Returns an array containing the Hijrah year, month and day
     * computed from the epoch day.
     *
     * @param epochDay  the EpochDay
     * @return int[0] = YEAR, int[1] = MONTH, int[2] = DATE
     */
    int[] getHijrahDateInfo(int epochDay) {
        checkCalendarInit();    // ensure that the chronology is initialized
        if (epochDay < minEpochDay || epochDay >= maxEpochDay) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Hijrah date out of range");
        }

        int epochMonth = epochDayToEpochMonth(epochDay);
        int year = epochMonthToYear(epochMonth);
        int month = epochMonthToMonth(epochMonth);
        int day1 = epochMonthToEpochDay(epochMonth);
        int date = epochDay - day1; // epochDay - dayOfEpoch(year, month);

        int dateInfo[] = new int[3];
        dateInfo[0] = year;
        dateInfo[1] = month + 1; // change to 1-based.
        dateInfo[2] = date + 1; // change to 1-based.
        return dateInfo;
    }

    
Return the epoch day computed from Hijrah year, month, and day.
Params:
prolepticYear – the year to represent, 0-origin
monthOfYear – the month-of-year to represent, 1-origin
dayOfMonth – the day-of-month to represent, 1-origin
Returns:
the epoch day/**
     * Return the epoch day computed from Hijrah year, month, and day.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear the year to represent, 0-origin
     * @param monthOfYear the month-of-year to represent, 1-origin
     * @param dayOfMonth the day-of-month to represent, 1-origin
     * @return the epoch day
     */
    long getEpochDay(int prolepticYear, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) {
        checkCalendarInit();    // ensure that the chronology is initialized
        checkValidMonth(monthOfYear);
        int epochMonth = yearToEpochMonth(prolepticYear) + (monthOfYear - 1);
        if (epochMonth < 0 || epochMonth >= hijrahEpochMonthStartDays.length) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah date, year: " +
                    prolepticYear +  ", month: " + monthOfYear);
        }
        if (dayOfMonth < 1 || dayOfMonth > getMonthLength(prolepticYear, monthOfYear)) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah day of month: " + dayOfMonth);
        }
        return epochMonthToEpochDay(epochMonth) + (dayOfMonth - 1);
    }

    
Returns day of year for the year and month.
Params:
prolepticYear – a proleptic year
month – a month, 1-origin
Returns:
the day of year, 1-origin/**
     * Returns day of year for the year and month.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear a proleptic year
     * @param month a month, 1-origin
     * @return the day of year, 1-origin
     */
    int getDayOfYear(int prolepticYear, int month) {
        return yearMonthToDayOfYear(prolepticYear, (month - 1));
    }

    
Returns month length for the year and month.
Params:
prolepticYear – a proleptic year
monthOfYear – a month, 1-origin.
Returns:
the length of the month/**
     * Returns month length for the year and month.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear a proleptic year
     * @param monthOfYear a month, 1-origin.
     * @return the length of the month
     */
    int getMonthLength(int prolepticYear, int monthOfYear) {
        int epochMonth = yearToEpochMonth(prolepticYear) + (monthOfYear - 1);
        if (epochMonth < 0 || epochMonth >= hijrahEpochMonthStartDays.length) {
            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid Hijrah date, year: " +
                    prolepticYear +  ", month: " + monthOfYear);
        }
        return epochMonthLength(epochMonth);
    }

    
Returns year length.
Note: The 12th month must exist in the data.
Params:
prolepticYear – a proleptic year
Returns:
year length in days/**
     * Returns year length.
     * Note: The 12th month must exist in the data.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear a proleptic year
     * @return year length in days
     */
    int getYearLength(int prolepticYear) {
        return yearMonthToDayOfYear(prolepticYear, 12);
    }

    
Return the minimum supported Hijrah year.
Returns:
the minimum/**
     * Return the minimum supported Hijrah year.
     *
     * @return the minimum
     */
    int getMinimumYear() {
        return epochMonthToYear(0);
    }

    
Return the maximum supported Hijrah year.
Returns:
the minimum/**
     * Return the maximum supported Hijrah year.
     *
     * @return the minimum
     */
    int getMaximumYear() {
        return epochMonthToYear(hijrahEpochMonthStartDays.length - 1) - 1;
    }

    
Returns maximum day-of-month.
Returns:
maximum day-of-month/**
     * Returns maximum day-of-month.
     *
     * @return maximum day-of-month
     */
    int getMaximumMonthLength() {
        return maxMonthLength;
    }

    
Returns smallest maximum day-of-month.
Returns:
smallest maximum day-of-month/**
     * Returns smallest maximum day-of-month.
     *
     * @return smallest maximum day-of-month
     */
    int getMinimumMonthLength() {
        return minMonthLength;
    }

    
Returns maximum day-of-year.
Returns:
maximum day-of-year/**
     * Returns maximum day-of-year.
     *
     * @return maximum day-of-year
     */
    int getMaximumDayOfYear() {
        return maxYearLength;
    }

    
Returns smallest maximum day-of-year.
Returns:
smallest maximum day-of-year/**
     * Returns smallest maximum day-of-year.
     *
     * @return smallest maximum day-of-year
     */
    int getSmallestMaximumDayOfYear() {
        return minYearLength;
    }

    
Returns the epochMonth found by locating the epochDay in the table. The
epochMonth is the index in the table
Params:
epochDay – 
Returns:
The index of the element of the start of the month containing the
epochDay./**
     * Returns the epochMonth found by locating the epochDay in the table. The
     * epochMonth is the index in the table
     *
     * @param epochDay
     * @return The index of the element of the start of the month containing the
     * epochDay.
     */
    private int epochDayToEpochMonth(int epochDay) {
        // binary search
        int ndx = Arrays.binarySearch(hijrahEpochMonthStartDays, epochDay);
        if (ndx < 0) {
            ndx = -ndx - 2;
        }
        return ndx;
    }

    
Returns the year computed from the epochMonth
Params:
epochMonth – the epochMonth
Returns:
the Hijrah Year/**
     * Returns the year computed from the epochMonth
     *
     * @param epochMonth the epochMonth
     * @return the Hijrah Year
     */
    private int epochMonthToYear(int epochMonth) {
        return (epochMonth + hijrahStartEpochMonth) / 12;
    }

    
Returns the epochMonth for the Hijrah Year.
Params:
year – the HijrahYear
Returns:
the epochMonth for the beginning of the year./**
     * Returns the epochMonth for the Hijrah Year.
     *
     * @param year the HijrahYear
     * @return the epochMonth for the beginning of the year.
     */
    private int yearToEpochMonth(int year) {
        return (year * 12) - hijrahStartEpochMonth;
    }

    
Returns the Hijrah month from the epochMonth.
Params:
epochMonth – the epochMonth
Returns:
the month of the Hijrah Year/**
     * Returns the Hijrah month from the epochMonth.
     *
     * @param epochMonth the epochMonth
     * @return the month of the Hijrah Year
     */
    private int epochMonthToMonth(int epochMonth) {
        return (epochMonth + hijrahStartEpochMonth) % 12;
    }

    
Returns the epochDay for the start of the epochMonth.
Params:
epochMonth – the epochMonth
Returns:
the epochDay for the start of the epochMonth./**
     * Returns the epochDay for the start of the epochMonth.
     *
     * @param epochMonth the epochMonth
     * @return the epochDay for the start of the epochMonth.
     */
    private int epochMonthToEpochDay(int epochMonth) {
        return hijrahEpochMonthStartDays[epochMonth];

    }

    
Returns the day of year for the requested HijrahYear and month.
Params:
prolepticYear – the Hijrah year
month – the Hijrah month
Returns:
the day of year for the start of the month of the year/**
     * Returns the day of year for the requested HijrahYear and month.
     *
     * @param prolepticYear the Hijrah year
     * @param month the Hijrah month
     * @return the day of year for the start of the month of the year
     */
    private int yearMonthToDayOfYear(int prolepticYear, int month) {
        int epochMonthFirst = yearToEpochMonth(prolepticYear);
        return epochMonthToEpochDay(epochMonthFirst + month)
                - epochMonthToEpochDay(epochMonthFirst);
    }

    
Returns the length of the epochMonth. It is computed from the start of
the following month minus the start of the requested month.
Params:
epochMonth – the epochMonth; assumed to be within range
Returns:
the length in days of the epochMonth/**
     * Returns the length of the epochMonth. It is computed from the start of
     * the following month minus the start of the requested month.
     *
     * @param epochMonth the epochMonth; assumed to be within range
     * @return the length in days of the epochMonth
     */
    private int epochMonthLength(int epochMonth) {
        // The very last entry in the epochMonth table is not the start of a month
        return hijrahEpochMonthStartDays[epochMonth + 1]
                - hijrahEpochMonthStartDays[epochMonth];
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    private static final String KEY_ID = "id";
    private static final String KEY_TYPE = "type";
    private static final String KEY_VERSION = "version";
    private static final String KEY_ISO_START = "iso-start";

    
Return the configuration properties from the resource.

The location of the variant configuration resource is:
  "/java/time/chrono/hijrah-config-" + calendarType + ".properties"

Params:
calendarType – the calendarType of the calendar variant
Throws:
Exception – if access to the property resource fails
Returns:
a Properties containing the properties read from the resource./**
     * Return the configuration properties from the resource.
     * <p>
     * The location of the variant configuration resource is:
     * <pre>
     *   "/java/time/chrono/hijrah-config-" + calendarType + ".properties"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param calendarType the calendarType of the calendar variant
     * @return a Properties containing the properties read from the resource.
     * @throws Exception if access to the property resource fails
     */
    private Properties readConfigProperties(final String calendarType) throws Exception {
        String resourceName = RESOURCE_PREFIX + calendarType + RESOURCE_SUFFIX;
        PrivilegedAction<InputStream> getResourceAction =  () -> HijrahChronology.class.getResourceAsStream(resourceName);
        FilePermission perm1 = new FilePermission("<<ALL FILES>>", "read");
        RuntimePermission perm2 = new RuntimePermission("accessSystemModules");
        try (InputStream is = AccessController.doPrivileged(getResourceAction, null, perm1, perm2)) {
            if (is == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Hijrah calendar resource not found: /java/time/chrono/" + resourceName);
            }
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.load(is);
            return props;
        }
    }

    
Loads and processes the Hijrah calendar properties file for this calendarType.
The starting Hijrah date and the corresponding ISO date are
extracted and used to calculate the epochDate offset.
The version number is identified and ignored.
Everything else is the data for a year with containing the length of each
of 12 months.
Throws:
DateTimeException – if initialization of the calendar data from the
    resource fails/**
     * Loads and processes the Hijrah calendar properties file for this calendarType.
     * The starting Hijrah date and the corresponding ISO date are
     * extracted and used to calculate the epochDate offset.
     * The version number is identified and ignored.
     * Everything else is the data for a year with containing the length of each
     * of 12 months.
     *
     * @throws DateTimeException if initialization of the calendar data from the
     *     resource fails
     */
    private void loadCalendarData() {
        try {
            Properties props = readConfigProperties(calendarType);

            Map<Integer, int[]> years = new HashMap<>();
            int minYear = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            int maxYear = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            String id = null;
            String type = null;
            String version = null;
            int isoStart = 0;
            for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : props.entrySet()) {
                String key = (String) entry.getKey();
                switch (key) {
                    case KEY_ID:
                        id = (String)entry.getValue();
                        break;
                    case KEY_TYPE:
                        type = (String)entry.getValue();
                        break;
                    case KEY_VERSION:
                        version = (String)entry.getValue();
                        break;
                    case KEY_ISO_START: {
                        int[] ymd = parseYMD((String) entry.getValue());
                        isoStart = (int) LocalDate.of(ymd[0], ymd[1], ymd[2]).toEpochDay();
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        try {
                            // Everything else is either a year or invalid
                            int year = Integer.parseInt(key);
                            int[] months = parseMonths((String) entry.getValue());
                            years.put(year, months);
                            maxYear = Math.max(maxYear, year);
                            minYear = Math.min(minYear, year);
                        } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad key: " + key);
                        }
                }
            }

            if (!getId().equals(id)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Configuration is for a different calendar: " + id);
            }
            if (!getCalendarType().equals(type)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Configuration is for a different calendar type: " + type);
            }
            if (version == null || version.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Configuration does not contain a version");
            }
            if (isoStart == 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Configuration does not contain a ISO start date");
            }

            // Now create and validate the array of epochDays indexed by epochMonth
            hijrahStartEpochMonth = minYear * 12;
            minEpochDay = isoStart;
            hijrahEpochMonthStartDays = createEpochMonths(minEpochDay, minYear, maxYear, years);
            maxEpochDay = hijrahEpochMonthStartDays[hijrahEpochMonthStartDays.length - 1];

            // Compute the min and max year length in days.
            for (int year = minYear; year < maxYear; year++) {
                int length = getYearLength(year);
                minYearLength = Math.min(minYearLength, length);
                maxYearLength = Math.max(maxYearLength, length);
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            // Log error and throw a DateTimeException
            PlatformLogger logger = PlatformLogger.getLogger("java.time.chrono");
            logger.severe("Unable to initialize Hijrah calendar proxy: " + typeId, ex);
            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to initialize HijrahCalendar: " + typeId, ex);
        }
    }

    
Converts the map of year to month lengths ranging from minYear to maxYear
into a linear contiguous array of epochDays. The index is the hijrahMonth
computed from year and month and offset by minYear. The value of each
entry is the epochDay corresponding to the first day of the month.
Params:
minYear – The minimum year for which data is provided
maxYear – The maximum year for which data is provided
years – a Map of year to the array of 12 month lengths
Returns:
array of epochDays for each month from min to max/**
     * Converts the map of year to month lengths ranging from minYear to maxYear
     * into a linear contiguous array of epochDays. The index is the hijrahMonth
     * computed from year and month and offset by minYear. The value of each
     * entry is the epochDay corresponding to the first day of the month.
     *
     * @param minYear The minimum year for which data is provided
     * @param maxYear The maximum year for which data is provided
     * @param years a Map of year to the array of 12 month lengths
     * @return array of epochDays for each month from min to max
     */
    private int[] createEpochMonths(int epochDay, int minYear, int maxYear, Map<Integer, int[]> years) {
        // Compute the size for the array of dates
        int numMonths = (maxYear - minYear + 1) * 12 + 1;

        // Initialize the running epochDay as the corresponding ISO Epoch day
        int epochMonth = 0; // index into array of epochMonths
        int[] epochMonths = new int[numMonths];
        minMonthLength = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        maxMonthLength = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

        // Only whole years are valid, any zero's in the array are illegal
        for (int year = minYear; year <= maxYear; year++) {
            int[] months = years.get(year);// must not be gaps
            for (int month = 0; month < 12; month++) {
                int length = months[month];
                epochMonths[epochMonth++] = epochDay;

                if (length < 29 || length > 32) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month length in year: " + minYear);
                }
                epochDay += length;
                minMonthLength = Math.min(minMonthLength, length);
                maxMonthLength = Math.max(maxMonthLength, length);
            }
        }

        // Insert the final epochDay
        epochMonths[epochMonth++] = epochDay;

        if (epochMonth != epochMonths.length) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Did not fill epochMonths exactly: ndx = " + epochMonth
                    + " should be " + epochMonths.length);
        }

        return epochMonths;
    }

    
Parses the 12 months lengths from a property value for a specific year.
Params:
line – the value of a year property
Throws:
IllegalArgumentException – if the number of months is not 12
NumberFormatException – if the 12 tokens are not numbers
Returns:
an array of int[12] containing the 12 month lengths/**
     * Parses the 12 months lengths from a property value for a specific year.
     *
     * @param line the value of a year property
     * @return an array of int[12] containing the 12 month lengths
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the number of months is not 12
     * @throws NumberFormatException if the 12 tokens are not numbers
     */
    private int[] parseMonths(String line) {
        int[] months = new int[12];
        String[] numbers = line.split("\\s");
        if (numbers.length != 12) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong number of months on line: " + Arrays.toString(numbers) + "; count: " + numbers.length);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
            try {
                months[i] = Integer.parseInt(numbers[i]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad key: " + numbers[i]);
            }
        }
        return months;
    }

    
Parse yyyy-MM-dd into a 3 element array [yyyy, mm, dd].
Params:
string – the input string
Returns:
the 3 element array with year, month, day/**
     * Parse yyyy-MM-dd into a 3 element array [yyyy, mm, dd].
     *
     * @param string the input string
     * @return the 3 element array with year, month, day
     */
    private int[] parseYMD(String string) {
        // yyyy-MM-dd
        string = string.trim();
        try {
            if (string.charAt(4) != '-' || string.charAt(7) != '-') {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("date must be yyyy-MM-dd");
            }
            int[] ymd = new int[3];
            ymd[0] = Integer.parseInt(string, 0, 4, 10);
            ymd[1] = Integer.parseInt(string, 5, 7, 10);
            ymd[2] = Integer.parseInt(string, 8, 10, 10);
            return ymd;
        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("date must be yyyy-MM-dd", ex);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
Writes the Chronology using a
dedicated serialized form.
@serialData

 out.writeByte(1);     // identifies a Chronology
 out.writeUTF(getId());
Returns:
the instance of Ser, not null/**
     * Writes the Chronology using a
     * <a href="../../../serialized-form.html#java.time.chrono.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
     * @serialData
     * <pre>
     *  out.writeByte(1);     // identifies a Chronology
     *  out.writeUTF(getId());
     * </pre>
     *
     * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
     */
    @Override
    Object writeReplace() {
        return super.writeReplace();
    }

    
Defend against malicious streams.
Params:
s – the stream to read
Throws:
InvalidObjectException – always/**
     * Defend against malicious streams.
     *
     * @param s the stream to read
     * @throws InvalidObjectException always
     */
    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
    }
}