https://openjdk.java.net/ 
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

/*
 *
 *  (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1999 All Rights Reserved.
 *  Copyright 1997 The Open Group Research Institute.  All rights reserved.
 */
package sun.security.krb5;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.util.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import sun.net.dns.ResolverConfiguration;
import sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.EType;
import sun.security.krb5.internal.Krb5;


This class maintains key-value pairs of Kerberos configurable constants
from configuration file or from user specified system properties.

/**
 * This class maintains key-value pairs of Kerberos configurable constants
 * from configuration file or from user specified system properties.
 */

public class Config {

    /*
     * Only allow a single instance of Config.
     */
    private static Config singleton = null;

    /*
     * Hashtable used to store configuration information.
     */
    private Hashtable<String,Object> stanzaTable = new Hashtable<>();

    private static boolean DEBUG = sun.security.krb5.internal.Krb5.DEBUG;

    // these are used for hexdecimal calculation.
    private static final int BASE16_0 = 1;
    private static final int BASE16_1 = 16;
    private static final int BASE16_2 = 16 * 16;
    private static final int BASE16_3 = 16 * 16 * 16;

    
Specified by system properties. Must be both null or non-null.

/**
     * Specified by system properties. Must be both null or non-null.
     */
    private final String defaultRealm;
    private final String defaultKDC;

    // used for native interface
    private static native String getWindowsDirectory(boolean isSystem);


    
Gets an instance of Config class. One and only one instance (the
singleton) is returned.

Throws:
  • KrbException – if error occurs when constructing a Config
instance. Possible causes would be either of java.security.krb5.realm or
java.security.krb5.kdc not specified, error reading configuration file.
/**
     * Gets an instance of Config class. One and only one instance (the
     * singleton) is returned.
     *
     * @exception KrbException if error occurs when constructing a Config
     * instance. Possible causes would be either of java.security.krb5.realm or
     * java.security.krb5.kdc not specified, error reading configuration file.
     */
    public static synchronized Config getInstance() throws KrbException {
        if (singleton == null) {
            singleton = new Config();
        }
        return singleton;
    }

    
Refresh and reload the Configuration. This could involve,
for example reading the Configuration file again or getting
the java.security.krb5.* system properties again. This method
also tries its best to update static fields in other classes
that depend on the configuration.

Throws:
  • KrbException – if error occurs when constructing a Config
instance. Possible causes would be either of java.security.krb5.realm or
java.security.krb5.kdc not specified, error reading configuration file.
/**
     * Refresh and reload the Configuration. This could involve,
     * for example reading the Configuration file again or getting
     * the java.security.krb5.* system properties again. This method
     * also tries its best to update static fields in other classes
     * that depend on the configuration.
     *
     * @exception KrbException if error occurs when constructing a Config
     * instance. Possible causes would be either of java.security.krb5.realm or
     * java.security.krb5.kdc not specified, error reading configuration file.
     */

    public static void refresh() throws KrbException {
        synchronized (Config.class) {
            singleton = new Config();
        }
        KdcComm.initStatic();
        EType.initStatic();
        Checksum.initStatic();
    }


    private static boolean isMacosLionOrBetter() {
        // split the "10.x.y" version number
        String osname = getProperty("os.name");
        if (!osname.contains("OS X")) {
            return false;
        }

        String osVersion = getProperty("os.version");
        String[] fragments = osVersion.split("\\.");

        // sanity check the "10." part of the version
        if (!fragments[0].equals("10")) return false;
        if (fragments.length < 2) return false;

        // check if Mac OS X 10.7(.y)
        try {
            int minorVers = Integer.parseInt(fragments[1]);
            if (minorVers >= 7) return true;
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
            // was not an integer
        }

        return false;
    }

    
Private constructor - can not be instantiated externally.

/**
     * Private constructor - can not be instantiated externally.
     */
    private Config() throws KrbException {
        /*
         * If either one system property is specified, we throw exception.
         */
        String tmp = getProperty("java.security.krb5.kdc");
        if (tmp != null) {
            // The user can specify a list of kdc hosts separated by ":"
            defaultKDC = tmp.replace(':', ' ');
        } else {
            defaultKDC = null;
        }
        defaultRealm = getProperty("java.security.krb5.realm");
        if ((defaultKDC == null && defaultRealm != null) ||
            (defaultRealm == null && defaultKDC != null)) {
            throw new KrbException
                ("System property java.security.krb5.kdc and " +
                 "java.security.krb5.realm both must be set or " +
                 "neither must be set.");
        }

        // Always read the Kerberos configuration file
        try {
            List<String> configFile;
            String fileName = getJavaFileName();
            if (fileName != null) {
                configFile = loadConfigFile(fileName);
                stanzaTable = parseStanzaTable(configFile);
                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("Loaded from Java config");
                }
            } else {
                boolean found = false;
                if (isMacosLionOrBetter()) {
                    try {
                        stanzaTable = SCDynamicStoreConfig.getConfig();
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Loaded from SCDynamicStoreConfig");
                        }
                        found = true;
                    } catch (IOException ioe) {
                        // OK. Will go on with file
                    }
                }
                if (!found) {
                    fileName = getNativeFileName();
                    configFile = loadConfigFile(fileName);
                    stanzaTable = parseStanzaTable(configFile);
                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("Loaded from native config");
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("Exception thrown in loading config:");
                ioe.printStackTrace(System.out);
            }
            throw new KrbException("krb5.conf loading failed");
        }
    }

    
Gets the last-defined string value for the specified keys.

Params:
  • keys – the keys, as an array from section name, sub-section names
(if any), to value name.
Throws:
  • IllegalArgumentException – if any of the keys is illegal, either because a key not the last one is not a (sub)section name or the last key is still a section name. For example, get("libdefaults") throws this exception because [libdefaults] is a section name instead of a value name, and get("libdefaults", "forwardable", "tail") also throws this exception because "forwardable" is already a value name and has no sub-key at all (given "forwardable" is defined, otherwise, this method has no knowledge if it's a value name or a section name),
Returns:the value. When there are multiple values for the same key, returns the first one. null is returned if not all the keys are defined. For example, get("libdefaults", "forwardable") will return null if "forwardable" is not defined in [libdefaults], and get("realms", "R", "kdc") will return null if "R" is not defined in [realms] or "kdc" is not defined for "R".
/**
     * Gets the last-defined string value for the specified keys.
     * @param keys the keys, as an array from section name, sub-section names
     * (if any), to value name.
     * @return the value. When there are multiple values for the same key,
     * returns the first one. {@code null} is returned if not all the keys are
     * defined. For example, {@code get("libdefaults", "forwardable")} will
     * return null if "forwardable" is not defined in [libdefaults], and
     * {@code get("realms", "R", "kdc")} will return null if "R" is not
     * defined in [realms] or "kdc" is not defined for "R".
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the keys is illegal, either
     * because a key not the last one is not a (sub)section name or the last
     * key is still a section name. For example, {@code get("libdefaults")}
     * throws this exception because [libdefaults] is a section name instead of
     * a value name, and {@code get("libdefaults", "forwardable", "tail")}
     * also throws this exception because "forwardable" is already a value name
     * and has no sub-key at all (given "forwardable" is defined, otherwise,
     * this method has no knowledge if it's a value name or a section name),
     */
    public String get(String... keys) {
        Vector<String> v = getString0(keys);
        if (v == null) return null;
        return v.firstElement();
    }

    
Gets the boolean value for the specified keys. Returns TRUE if the
string value is "yes", or "true", FALSE if "no", or "false", or null
if otherwise or not defined. The comparision is case-insensitive.

Params:
Throws:
Returns:the boolean value, or null if there is no value defined or the
value does not look like a boolean value.
/**
     * Gets the boolean value for the specified keys. Returns TRUE if the
     * string value is "yes", or "true", FALSE if "no", or "false", or null
     * if otherwise or not defined. The comparision is case-insensitive.
     *
     * @param keys the keys, see {@link #get(String...)}
     * @return the boolean value, or null if there is no value defined or the
     * value does not look like a boolean value.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException see {@link #get(String...)}
     */
    public Boolean getBooleanObject(String... keys) {
        String s = get(keys);
        if (s == null) {
            return null;
        }
        switch (s.toLowerCase(Locale.US)) {
            case "yes": case "true":
                return Boolean.TRUE;
            case "no": case "false":
                return Boolean.FALSE;
            default:
                return null;
        }
    }

    
Gets all values (at least one) for the specified keys separated by
a whitespace, or null if there is no such keys.
The values can either be provided on a single line, or on multiple lines
using the same key. When provided on a single line, the value can be
comma or space separated.

Throws:
  • IllegalArgumentException – if any of the keys is illegal (See get)
/**
     * Gets all values (at least one) for the specified keys separated by
     * a whitespace, or null if there is no such keys.
     * The values can either be provided on a single line, or on multiple lines
     * using the same key. When provided on a single line, the value can be
     * comma or space separated.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the keys is illegal
     *         (See {@link #get})
     */
    public String getAll(String... keys) {
        Vector<String> v = getString0(keys);
        if (v == null) return null;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        boolean first = true;
        for (String s: v) {
            s = s.replaceAll("[\\s,]+", " ");
            if (first) {
                sb.append(s);
                first = false;
            } else {
                sb.append(' ').append(s);
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    
Returns true if keys exists, can be final string(s) or a sub-section

Throws:
  • IllegalArgumentException – if any of the keys is illegal (See get)
/**
     * Returns true if keys exists, can be final string(s) or a sub-section
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the keys is illegal
     *         (See {@link #get})
     */
    public boolean exists(String... keys) {
        return get0(keys) != null;
    }

    // Returns final string value(s) for given keys.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Vector<String> getString0(String... keys) {
        try {
            return (Vector<String>)get0(keys);
        } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(cce);
        }
    }

    // Internal method. Returns the value for keys, which can be a sub-section
    // (as a Hashtable) or final string value(s) (as a Vector). This is the
    // only method (except for toString) that reads stanzaTable directly.
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Object get0(String... keys) {
        Object current = stanzaTable;
        try {
            for (String key: keys) {
                current = ((Hashtable<String,Object>)current).get(key);
                if (current == null) return null;
            }
            return current;
        } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(cce);
        }
    }

    
Translates a duration value into seconds.
The format can be one of "h:m[:s]", "NdNhNmNs", and "N". See
http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-devel/doc/basic/date_format.html#duration
for definitions.

Params:
  • s – the string duration
Throws:
Returns:time in seconds
/**
     * Translates a duration value into seconds.
     *
     * The format can be one of "h:m[:s]", "NdNhNmNs", and "N". See
     * http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/krb5-devel/doc/basic/date_format.html#duration
     * for definitions.
     *
     * @param s the string duration
     * @return time in seconds
     * @throws KrbException if format is illegal
     */
    public static int duration(String s) throws KrbException {

        if (s.isEmpty()) {
            throw new KrbException("Duration cannot be empty");
        }

        // N
        if (s.matches("\\d+")) {
            return Integer.parseInt(s);
        }

        // h:m[:s]
        Matcher m = Pattern.compile("(\\d+):(\\d+)(:(\\d+))?").matcher(s);
        if (m.matches()) {
            int hr = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));
            int min = Integer.parseInt(m.group(2));
            if (min >= 60) {
                throw new KrbException("Illegal duration format " + s);
            }
            int result = hr * 3600 + min * 60;
            if (m.group(4) != null) {
                int sec = Integer.parseInt(m.group(4));
                if (sec >= 60) {
                    throw new KrbException("Illegal duration format " + s);
                }
                result += sec;
            }
            return result;
        }

        // NdNhNmNs
        // 120m allowed. Maybe 1h120m is not good, but still allowed
        m = Pattern.compile(
                    "((\\d+)d)?\\s*((\\d+)h)?\\s*((\\d+)m)?\\s*((\\d+)s)?",
                Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE).matcher(s);
        if (m.matches()) {
            int result = 0;
            if (m.group(2) != null) {
                result += 86400 * Integer.parseInt(m.group(2));
            }
            if (m.group(4) != null) {
                result += 3600 * Integer.parseInt(m.group(4));
            }
            if (m.group(6) != null) {
                result += 60 * Integer.parseInt(m.group(6));
            }
            if (m.group(8) != null) {
                result += Integer.parseInt(m.group(8));
            }
            return result;
        }

        throw new KrbException("Illegal duration format " + s);
    }

    
Gets the int value for the specified keys.

Params:
  • keys – the keys
Throws:
See Also:
Returns:the int value, Integer.MIN_VALUE is returned if it cannot be
found or the value is not a legal integer.
/**
     * Gets the int value for the specified keys.
     * @param keys the keys
     * @return the int value, Integer.MIN_VALUE is returned if it cannot be
     * found or the value is not a legal integer.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the keys is illegal
     * @see #get(java.lang.String[])
     */
    public int getIntValue(String... keys) {
        String result = get(keys);
        int value = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        if (result != null) {
            try {
                value = parseIntValue(result);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("Exception in getting value of " +
                                       Arrays.toString(keys) + " " +
                                       e.getMessage());
                    System.out.println("Setting " + Arrays.toString(keys) +
                                       " to minimum value");
                }
                value = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            }
        }
        return value;
    }

    
Parses a string to an integer. The convertible strings include the
string representations of positive integers, negative integers, and
hex decimal integers.  Valid inputs are, e.g., -1234, +1234,
0x40000.

Params:
  • input – the String to be converted to an Integer.
Throws:
Returns:an numeric value represented by the string
/**
     * Parses a string to an integer. The convertible strings include the
     * string representations of positive integers, negative integers, and
     * hex decimal integers.  Valid inputs are, e.g., -1234, +1234,
     * 0x40000.
     *
     * @param input the String to be converted to an Integer.
     * @return an numeric value represented by the string
     * @exception NumberFormatException if the String does not contain a
     * parsable integer.
     */
    private int parseIntValue(String input) throws NumberFormatException {
        int value = 0;
        if (input.startsWith("+")) {
            String temp = input.substring(1);
            return Integer.parseInt(temp);
        } else if (input.startsWith("0x")) {
            String temp = input.substring(2);
            char[] chars = temp.toCharArray();
            if (chars.length > 8) {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
                    int index = chars.length - i - 1;
                    switch (chars[i]) {
                    case '0':
                        value += 0;
                        break;
                    case '1':
                        value += 1 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '2':
                        value += 2 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '3':
                        value += 3 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '4':
                        value += 4 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '5':
                        value += 5 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '6':
                        value += 6 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '7':
                        value += 7 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '8':
                        value += 8 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case '9':
                        value += 9 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'a':
                    case 'A':
                        value += 10 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'b':
                    case 'B':
                        value += 11 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'c':
                    case 'C':
                        value += 12 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'd':
                    case 'D':
                        value += 13 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'e':
                    case 'E':
                        value += 14 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    case 'f':
                    case 'F':
                        value += 15 * getBase(index);
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid numerical format");
                    }
                }
            }
            if (value < 0) {
                throw new NumberFormatException("Data overflow.");
            }
        } else {
            value = Integer.parseInt(input);
        }
        return value;
    }

    private int getBase(int i) {
        int result = 16;
        switch (i) {
        case 0:
            result = BASE16_0;
            break;
        case 1:
            result = BASE16_1;
            break;
        case 2:
            result = BASE16_2;
            break;
        case 3:
            result = BASE16_3;
            break;
        default:
            for (int j = 1; j < i; j++) {
                result *= 16;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Reads the lines of the configuration file. All include and includedir
directives are resolved by calling this method recursively.

Params:
  • file – the krb5.conf file, must be absolute
  • content – the lines. Comment and empty lines are removed,
               all lines trimmed, include and includedir
               directives resolved, unknown directives ignored
  • dups – a set of Paths to check for possible infinite loop
Throws:
/**
     * Reads the lines of the configuration file. All include and includedir
     * directives are resolved by calling this method recursively.
     *
     * @param file the krb5.conf file, must be absolute
     * @param content the lines. Comment and empty lines are removed,
     *                all lines trimmed, include and includedir
     *                directives resolved, unknown directives ignored
     * @param dups a set of Paths to check for possible infinite loop
     * @throws IOException if there is an I/O error
     */
    private static Void readConfigFileLines(
            Path file, List<String> content, Set<Path> dups)
            throws IOException {

        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("Loading krb5 profile at " + file);
        }
        if (!file.isAbsolute()) {
            throw new IOException("Profile path not absolute");
        }

        if (!dups.add(file)) {
            throw new IOException("Profile path included more than once");
        }

        List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(file);

        boolean inDirectives = true;
        for (String line: lines) {
            line = line.trim();
            if (line.isEmpty() || line.startsWith("#") || line.startsWith(";")) {
                continue;
            }
            if (inDirectives) {
                if (line.charAt(0) == '[') {
                    inDirectives = false;
                    content.add(line);
                } else if (line.startsWith("includedir ")) {
                    Path dir = Paths.get(
                            line.substring("includedir ".length()).trim());
                    try (DirectoryStream<Path> files =
                                 Files.newDirectoryStream(dir)) {
                        for (Path p: files) {
                            if (Files.isDirectory(p)) continue;
                            String name = p.getFileName().toString();
                            if (name.matches("[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+") ||
                                    name.endsWith(".conf")) {
                                // if dir is absolute, so is p
                                readConfigFileLines(p, content, dups);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else if (line.startsWith("include ")) {
                    readConfigFileLines(
                            Paths.get(line.substring("include ".length()).trim()),
                            content, dups);
                } else {
                    // Unsupported directives
                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("Unknown directive: " + line);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                content.add(line);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    
Reads the configuration file and return normalized lines.
If the original file is:
    [realms]
    EXAMPLE.COM =
    {
        kdc = kerberos.example.com
        ...
    }
    ...
The result will be (no indentations):
    {
        realms = {
            EXAMPLE.COM = {
                kdc = kerberos.example.com
                ...
            }
        }
        ...
    }

Params:
  • fileName – the configuration file
Returns:normalized lines
/**
     * Reads the configuration file and return normalized lines.
     * If the original file is:
     *
     *     [realms]
     *     EXAMPLE.COM =
     *     {
     *         kdc = kerberos.example.com
     *         ...
     *     }
     *     ...
     *
     * The result will be (no indentations):
     *
     *     {
     *         realms = {
     *             EXAMPLE.COM = {
     *                 kdc = kerberos.example.com
     *                 ...
     *             }
     *         }
     *         ...
     *     }
     *
     * @param fileName the configuration file
     * @return normalized lines
     */
    private List<String> loadConfigFile(final String fileName)
            throws IOException, KrbException {

        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<String> raw = new ArrayList<>();
        Set<Path> dupsCheck = new HashSet<>();

        try {
            Path fullp = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Path>)
                        () -> Paths.get(fileName).toAbsolutePath(),
                    null,
                    new PropertyPermission("user.dir", "read"));
            AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Void>() {
                        @Override
                        public Void run() throws IOException {
                            Path path = Paths.get(fileName);
                            if (!Files.exists(path)) {
                                // This is OK. There are other ways to get
                                // Kerberos 5 settings
                                return null;
                            } else {
                                return readConfigFileLines(
                                        fullp, raw, dupsCheck);
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    null,
                    // include/includedir can go anywhere
                    new FilePermission("<<ALL FILES>>", "read"));
        } catch (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pe) {
            throw (IOException)pe.getException();
        }
        String previous = null;
        for (String line: raw) {
            if (line.startsWith("[")) {
                if (!line.endsWith("]")) {
                    throw new KrbException("Illegal config content:"
                            + line);
                }
                if (previous != null) {
                    result.add(previous);
                    result.add("}");
                }
                String title = line.substring(
                        1, line.length()-1).trim();
                if (title.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new KrbException("Illegal config content:"
                            + line);
                }
                previous = title + " = {";
            } else if (line.startsWith("{")) {
                if (previous == null) {
                    throw new KrbException(
                        "Config file should not start with \"{\"");
                }
                previous += " {";
                if (line.length() > 1) {
                    // { and content on the same line
                    result.add(previous);
                    previous = line.substring(1).trim();
                }
            } else {
                if (previous == null) {
                    // This won't happen, because before a section
                    // all directives have been resolved
                    throw new KrbException(
                        "Config file must starts with a section");
                }
                result.add(previous);
                previous = line;
            }
        }
        if (previous != null) {
            result.add(previous);
            result.add("}");
        }
        return result;
    }

    
Parses the input lines to a hashtable. The key would be section names
(libdefaults, realms, domain_realms, etc), and the value would be
another hashtable which contains the key-value pairs inside the section.
The value of this sub-hashtable can be another hashtable containing
another sub-sub-section or a non-empty vector of strings for final values
(even if there is only one value defined).


For top-level sections with duplicates names, their contents are merged.
For sub-sections the former overwrites the latter. For final values,
they are stored in a vector in their appearing order. Please note these
values must appear in the same sub-section. Otherwise, the sub-section
appears first should have already overridden the others.


As a corner case, if the same name is used as both a section name and a
value name, the first appearance decides the type. That is to say, if the
first one is for a section, all latter appearances are ignored. If it's
a value, latter appearances as sections are ignored, but those as values
are added to the vector.


The behavior described above is compatible to other krb5 implementations
but it's not decumented publicly anywhere. the best practice is not to
assume any kind of override functionality and only specify values for
a particular key in one place.

Params:
  • v – the normalized input as return by loadConfigFile
Throws:
/**
     * Parses the input lines to a hashtable. The key would be section names
     * (libdefaults, realms, domain_realms, etc), and the value would be
     * another hashtable which contains the key-value pairs inside the section.
     * The value of this sub-hashtable can be another hashtable containing
     * another sub-sub-section or a non-empty vector of strings for final values
     * (even if there is only one value defined).
     * <p>
     * For top-level sections with duplicates names, their contents are merged.
     * For sub-sections the former overwrites the latter. For final values,
     * they are stored in a vector in their appearing order. Please note these
     * values must appear in the same sub-section. Otherwise, the sub-section
     * appears first should have already overridden the others.
     * <p>
     * As a corner case, if the same name is used as both a section name and a
     * value name, the first appearance decides the type. That is to say, if the
     * first one is for a section, all latter appearances are ignored. If it's
     * a value, latter appearances as sections are ignored, but those as values
     * are added to the vector.
     * <p>
     * The behavior described above is compatible to other krb5 implementations
     * but it's not decumented publicly anywhere. the best practice is not to
     * assume any kind of override functionality and only specify values for
     * a particular key in one place.
     *
     * @param v the normalized input as return by loadConfigFile
     * @throws KrbException if there is a file format error
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private Hashtable<String,Object> parseStanzaTable(List<String> v)
            throws KrbException {
        Hashtable<String,Object> current = stanzaTable;
        for (String line: v) {
            // There are only 3 kinds of lines
            // 1. a = b
            // 2. a = {
            // 3. }
            if (line.equals("}")) {
                // Go back to parent, see below
                current = (Hashtable<String,Object>)current.remove(" PARENT ");
                if (current == null) {
                    throw new KrbException("Unmatched close brace");
                }
            } else {
                int pos = line.indexOf('=');
                if (pos < 0) {
                    throw new KrbException("Illegal config content:" + line);
                }
                String key = line.substring(0, pos).trim();
                String value = unquote(line.substring(pos + 1));
                if (value.equals("{")) {
                    Hashtable<String,Object> subTable;
                    if (current == stanzaTable) {
                        key = key.toLowerCase(Locale.US);
                    }
                    // When there are dup names for sections
                    if (current.containsKey(key)) {
                        if (current == stanzaTable) {   // top-level, merge
                            // The value at top-level must be another Hashtable
                            subTable = (Hashtable<String,Object>)current.get(key);
                        } else {                        // otherwise, ignored
                            // read and ignore it (do not put into current)
                            subTable = new Hashtable<>();
                        }
                    } else {
                        subTable = new Hashtable<>();
                        current.put(key, subTable);
                    }
                    // A special entry for its parent. Put whitespaces around,
                    // so will never be confused with a normal key
                    subTable.put(" PARENT ", current);
                    current = subTable;
                } else {
                    Vector<String> values;
                    if (current.containsKey(key)) {
                        Object obj = current.get(key);
                        if (obj instanceof Vector) {
                            // String values are merged
                            values = (Vector<String>)obj;
                            values.add(value);
                        } else {
                            // If a key shows as section first and then a value,
                            // ignore the value.
                        }
                    } else {
                        values = new Vector<String>();
                        values.add(value);
                        current.put(key, values);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (current != stanzaTable) {
            throw new KrbException("Not closed");
        }
        return current;
    }

    
Gets the default Java configuration file name.
If the system property "java.security.krb5.conf" is defined, we'll
use its value, no matter if the file exists or not. Otherwise, we
will look at $JAVA_HOME/conf/security directory with "krb5.conf" name,
and return it if the file exists.
The method returns null if it cannot find a Java config file.

/**
     * Gets the default Java configuration file name.
     *
     * If the system property "java.security.krb5.conf" is defined, we'll
     * use its value, no matter if the file exists or not. Otherwise, we
     * will look at $JAVA_HOME/conf/security directory with "krb5.conf" name,
     * and return it if the file exists.
     *
     * The method returns null if it cannot find a Java config file.
     */
    private String getJavaFileName() {
        String name = getProperty("java.security.krb5.conf");
        if (name == null) {
            name = getProperty("java.home") + File.separator +
                                "conf" + File.separator + "security" +
                                File.separator + "krb5.conf";
            if (!fileExists(name)) {
                name = null;
            }
        }
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("Java config name: " + name);
        }
        return name;
    }

    
Gets the default native configuration file name.
Depending on the OS type, the method returns the default native
kerberos config file name, which is at windows directory with
the name of "krb5.ini" for Windows, /etc/krb5/krb5.conf for Solaris,
/etc/krb5.conf otherwise. Mac OSX X has a different file name.
Note: When the Terminal Service is started in Windows (from 2003),
there are two kinds of Windows directories: A system one (say,
C:\Windows), and a user-private one (say, C:\Users\Me\Windows).
We will first look for krb5.ini in the user-private one. If not
found, try the system one instead.
This method will always return a non-null non-empty file name,
even if that file does not exist.

/**
     * Gets the default native configuration file name.
     *
     * Depending on the OS type, the method returns the default native
     * kerberos config file name, which is at windows directory with
     * the name of "krb5.ini" for Windows, /etc/krb5/krb5.conf for Solaris,
     * /etc/krb5.conf otherwise. Mac OSX X has a different file name.
     *
     * Note: When the Terminal Service is started in Windows (from 2003),
     * there are two kinds of Windows directories: A system one (say,
     * C:\Windows), and a user-private one (say, C:\Users\Me\Windows).
     * We will first look for krb5.ini in the user-private one. If not
     * found, try the system one instead.
     *
     * This method will always return a non-null non-empty file name,
     * even if that file does not exist.
     */
    private String getNativeFileName() {
        String name = null;
        String osname = getProperty("os.name");
        if (osname.startsWith("Windows")) {
            try {
                Credentials.ensureLoaded();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // ignore exceptions
            }
            if (Credentials.alreadyLoaded) {
                String path = getWindowsDirectory(false);
                if (path != null) {
                    if (path.endsWith("\\")) {
                        path = path + "krb5.ini";
                    } else {
                        path = path + "\\krb5.ini";
                    }
                    if (fileExists(path)) {
                        name = path;
                    }
                }
                if (name == null) {
                    path = getWindowsDirectory(true);
                    if (path != null) {
                        if (path.endsWith("\\")) {
                            path = path + "krb5.ini";
                        } else {
                            path = path + "\\krb5.ini";
                        }
                        name = path;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (name == null) {
                name = "c:\\winnt\\krb5.ini";
            }
        } else if (osname.startsWith("SunOS")) {
            name =  "/etc/krb5/krb5.conf";
        } else if (osname.contains("OS X")) {
            name = findMacosConfigFile();
        } else {
            name =  "/etc/krb5.conf";
        }
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("Native config name: " + name);
        }
        return name;
    }

    private static String getProperty(String property) {
        return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction(property));
    }

    private String findMacosConfigFile() {
        String userHome = getProperty("user.home");
        final String PREF_FILE = "/Library/Preferences/edu.mit.Kerberos";
        String userPrefs = userHome + PREF_FILE;

        if (fileExists(userPrefs)) {
            return userPrefs;
        }

        if (fileExists(PREF_FILE)) {
            return PREF_FILE;
        }

        return "/etc/krb5.conf";
    }

    private static String unquote(String s) {
        s = s.trim();
        if (s.length() >= 2 &&
                ((s.charAt(0) == '"' && s.charAt(s.length()-1) == '"') ||
                 (s.charAt(0) == '\'' && s.charAt(s.length()-1) == '\''))) {
            s = s.substring(1, s.length()-1).trim();
        }
        return s;
    }

    
For testing purpose. This method lists all information being parsed from
the configuration file to the hashtable.

/**
     * For testing purpose. This method lists all information being parsed from
     * the configuration file to the hashtable.
     */
    public void listTable() {
        System.out.println(this);
    }

    
Returns all etypes specified in krb5.conf for the given configName,
or all the builtin defaults. This result is always non-empty.
If no etypes are found, an exception is thrown.

/**
     * Returns all etypes specified in krb5.conf for the given configName,
     * or all the builtin defaults. This result is always non-empty.
     * If no etypes are found, an exception is thrown.
     */
    public int[] defaultEtype(String configName) throws KrbException {
        String default_enctypes;
        default_enctypes = get("libdefaults", configName);
        int[] etype;
        if (default_enctypes == null) {
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("Using builtin default etypes for " +
                    configName);
            }
            etype = EType.getBuiltInDefaults();
        } else {
            String delim = " ";
            StringTokenizer st;
            for (int j = 0; j < default_enctypes.length(); j++) {
                if (default_enctypes.substring(j, j + 1).equals(",")) {
                    // only two delimiters are allowed to use
                    // according to Kerberos DCE doc.
                    delim = ",";
                    break;
                }
            }
            st = new StringTokenizer(default_enctypes, delim);
            int len = st.countTokens();
            ArrayList<Integer> ls = new ArrayList<>(len);
            int type;
            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                type = Config.getType(st.nextToken());
                if (type != -1 && EType.isSupported(type)) {
                    ls.add(type);
                }
            }
            if (ls.isEmpty()) {
                throw new KrbException("no supported default etypes for "
                        + configName);
            } else {
                etype = new int[ls.size()];
                for (int i = 0; i < etype.length; i++) {
                    etype[i] = ls.get(i);
                }
            }
        }

        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.print("default etypes for " + configName + ":");
            for (int i = 0; i < etype.length; i++) {
                System.out.print(" " + etype[i]);
            }
            System.out.println(".");
        }
        return etype;
    }


    
Get the etype and checksum value for the specified encryption and
checksum type.

/**
     * Get the etype and checksum value for the specified encryption and
     * checksum type.
     *
     */
    /*
     * This method converts the string representation of encryption type and
     * checksum type to int value that can be later used by EType and
     * Checksum classes.
     */
    public static int getType(String input) {
        int result = -1;
        if (input == null) {
            return result;
        }
        if (input.startsWith("d") || (input.startsWith("D"))) {
            if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des-cbc-crc")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_DES_CBC_CRC;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des-cbc-md5")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_DES_CBC_MD5;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des-mac")) {
                result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_DES_MAC;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des-mac-k")) {
                result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_DES_MAC_K;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des-cbc-md4")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_DES_CBC_MD4;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("des3-cbc-sha1") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("des3-hmac-sha1") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("des3-cbc-sha1-kd") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("des3-cbc-hmac-sha1-kd")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_DES3_CBC_HMAC_SHA1_KD;
            }
        } else if (input.startsWith("a") || (input.startsWith("A"))) {
            // AES
            if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("aes128-cts") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_AES128_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("aes256-cts") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_AES256_CTS_HMAC_SHA1_96;
            // ARCFOUR-HMAC
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("arcfour-hmac") ||
                   input.equalsIgnoreCase("arcfour-hmac-md5")) {
                result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_ARCFOUR_HMAC;
            }
        // RC4-HMAC
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("rc4-hmac")) {
            result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_ARCFOUR_HMAC;
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("CRC32")) {
            result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_CRC32;
        } else if (input.startsWith("r") || (input.startsWith("R"))) {
            if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("rsa-md5")) {
                result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_RSA_MD5;
            } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("rsa-md5-des")) {
                result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_RSA_MD5_DES;
            }
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha1-des3-kd")) {
            result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_HMAC_SHA1_DES3_KD;
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha1-96-aes128")) {
            result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_HMAC_SHA1_96_AES128;
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-sha1-96-aes256")) {
            result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_HMAC_SHA1_96_AES256;
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-md5-rc4") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-md5-arcfour") ||
                input.equalsIgnoreCase("hmac-md5-enc")) {
            result = Checksum.CKSUMTYPE_HMAC_MD5_ARCFOUR;
        } else if (input.equalsIgnoreCase("NULL")) {
            result = EncryptedData.ETYPE_NULL;
        }

        return result;
    }

    
Resets the default kdc realm.
We do not need to synchronize these methods since assignments are atomic
This method was useless. Kept here in case some class still calls it.

/**
     * Resets the default kdc realm.
     * We do not need to synchronize these methods since assignments are atomic
     *
     * This method was useless. Kept here in case some class still calls it.
     */
    public void resetDefaultRealm(String realm) {
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println(">>> Config try resetting default kdc " + realm);
        }
    }

    
Check to use addresses in tickets
use addresses if "no_addresses" or "noaddresses" is set to false

/**
     * Check to use addresses in tickets
     * use addresses if "no_addresses" or "noaddresses" is set to false
     */
    public boolean useAddresses() {
        return getBooleanObject("libdefaults", "no_addresses") == Boolean.FALSE ||
                getBooleanObject("libdefaults", "noaddresses") == Boolean.FALSE;
    }

    
Check if need to use DNS to locate Kerberos services for name. If not
defined, check dns_fallback, whose default value is true.

/**
     * Check if need to use DNS to locate Kerberos services for name. If not
     * defined, check dns_fallback, whose default value is true.
     */
    private boolean useDNS(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
        Boolean value = getBooleanObject("libdefaults", name);
        if (value != null) {
            return value.booleanValue();
        }
        value = getBooleanObject("libdefaults", "dns_fallback");
        if (value != null) {
            return value.booleanValue();
        }
        return defaultValue;
    }

    
Check if need to use DNS to locate the KDC

/**
     * Check if need to use DNS to locate the KDC
     */
    private boolean useDNS_KDC() {
        return useDNS("dns_lookup_kdc", true);
    }

    /*
     * Check if need to use DNS to locate the Realm
     */
    private boolean useDNS_Realm() {
        return useDNS("dns_lookup_realm", false);
    }

    
Gets default realm.

Throws:
  • KrbException – where no realm can be located
Returns:the default realm, always non null
/**
     * Gets default realm.
     * @throws KrbException where no realm can be located
     * @return the default realm, always non null
     */
    public String getDefaultRealm() throws KrbException {
        if (defaultRealm != null) {
            return defaultRealm;
        }
        Exception cause = null;
        String realm = get("libdefaults", "default_realm");
        if ((realm == null) && useDNS_Realm()) {
            // use DNS to locate Kerberos realm
            try {
                realm = getRealmFromDNS();
            } catch (KrbException ke) {
                cause = ke;
            }
        }
        if (realm == null) {
            realm = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new java.security.PrivilegedAction<String>() {
                @Override
                public String run() {
                    String osname = System.getProperty("os.name");
                    if (osname.startsWith("Windows")) {
                        return System.getenv("USERDNSDOMAIN");
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });
        }
        if (realm == null) {
            KrbException ke = new KrbException("Cannot locate default realm");
            if (cause != null) {
                ke.initCause(cause);
            }
            throw ke;
        }
        return realm;
    }

    
Returns a list of KDC's with each KDC separated by a space

Params:
  • realm – the realm for which the KDC list is desired
Throws:
  • KrbException – if there's no way to find KDC for the realm
Returns:the list of KDCs separated by a space, always non null
/**
     * Returns a list of KDC's with each KDC separated by a space
     *
     * @param realm the realm for which the KDC list is desired
     * @throws KrbException if there's no way to find KDC for the realm
     * @return the list of KDCs separated by a space, always non null
     */
    public String getKDCList(String realm) throws KrbException {
        if (realm == null) {
            realm = getDefaultRealm();
        }
        if (realm.equalsIgnoreCase(defaultRealm)) {
            return defaultKDC;
        }
        Exception cause = null;
        String kdcs = getAll("realms", realm, "kdc");
        if ((kdcs == null) && useDNS_KDC()) {
            // use DNS to locate KDC
            try {
                kdcs = getKDCFromDNS(realm);
            } catch (KrbException ke) {
                cause = ke;
            }
        }
        if (kdcs == null) {
            kdcs = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                    new java.security.PrivilegedAction<String>() {
                @Override
                public String run() {
                    String osname = System.getProperty("os.name");
                    if (osname.startsWith("Windows")) {
                        String logonServer = System.getenv("LOGONSERVER");
                        if (logonServer != null
                                && logonServer.startsWith("\\\\")) {
                            logonServer = logonServer.substring(2);
                        }
                        return logonServer;
                    }
                    return null;
                }
            });
        }
        if (kdcs == null) {
            if (defaultKDC != null) {
                return defaultKDC;
            }
            KrbException ke = new KrbException("Cannot locate KDC");
            if (cause != null) {
                ke.initCause(cause);
            }
            throw ke;
        }
        return kdcs;
    }

    
Locate Kerberos realm using DNS

Returns:the Kerberos realm
/**
     * Locate Kerberos realm using DNS
     *
     * @return the Kerberos realm
     */
    private String getRealmFromDNS() throws KrbException {
        // use DNS to locate Kerberos realm
        String realm = null;
        String hostName = null;
        try {
            hostName = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName();
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            KrbException ke = new KrbException(Krb5.KRB_ERR_GENERIC,
                "Unable to locate Kerberos realm: " + e.getMessage());
            ke.initCause(e);
            throw (ke);
        }
        // get the domain realm mapping from the configuration
        String mapRealm = PrincipalName.mapHostToRealm(hostName);
        if (mapRealm == null) {
            // No match. Try search and/or domain in /etc/resolv.conf
            List<String> srchlist = ResolverConfiguration.open().searchlist();
            for (String domain: srchlist) {
                realm = checkRealm(domain);
                if (realm != null) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        } else {
            realm = checkRealm(mapRealm);
        }
        if (realm == null) {
            throw new KrbException(Krb5.KRB_ERR_GENERIC,
                                "Unable to locate Kerberos realm");
        }
        return realm;
    }

    
Check if the provided realm is the correct realm

Returns:the realm if correct, or null otherwise
/**
     * Check if the provided realm is the correct realm
     * @return the realm if correct, or null otherwise
     */
    private static String checkRealm(String mapRealm) {
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("getRealmFromDNS: trying " + mapRealm);
        }
        String[] records = null;
        String newRealm = mapRealm;
        while ((records == null) && (newRealm != null)) {
            // locate DNS TXT record
            records = KrbServiceLocator.getKerberosService(newRealm);
            newRealm = Realm.parseRealmComponent(newRealm);
            // if no DNS TXT records found, try again using sub-realm
        }
        if (records != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < records.length; i++) {
                if (records[i].equalsIgnoreCase(mapRealm)) {
                    return records[i];
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    
Locate KDC using DNS

Params:
  • realm – the realm for which the master KDC is desired
Returns:the KDC
/**
     * Locate KDC using DNS
     *
     * @param realm the realm for which the master KDC is desired
     * @return the KDC
     */
    private String getKDCFromDNS(String realm) throws KrbException {
        // use DNS to locate KDC
        String kdcs = "";
        String[] srvs = null;
        // locate DNS SRV record using UDP
        if (DEBUG) {
            System.out.println("getKDCFromDNS using UDP");
        }
        srvs = KrbServiceLocator.getKerberosService(realm, "_udp");
        if (srvs == null) {
            // locate DNS SRV record using TCP
            if (DEBUG) {
                System.out.println("getKDCFromDNS using TCP");
            }
            srvs = KrbServiceLocator.getKerberosService(realm, "_tcp");
        }
        if (srvs == null) {
            // no DNS SRV records
            throw new KrbException(Krb5.KRB_ERR_GENERIC,
                "Unable to locate KDC for realm " + realm);
        }
        if (srvs.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < srvs.length; i++) {
            kdcs += srvs[i].trim() + " ";
        }
        kdcs = kdcs.trim();
        if (kdcs.equals("")) {
            return null;
        }
        return kdcs;
    }

    private boolean fileExists(String name) {
        return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
                                new FileExistsAction(name));
    }

    static class FileExistsAction
        implements java.security.PrivilegedAction<Boolean> {

        private String fileName;

        public FileExistsAction(String fileName) {
            this.fileName = fileName;
        }

        public Boolean run() {
            return new File(fileName).exists();
        }
    }

    // Shows the content of the Config object for debug purpose.
    //
    // {
    //      libdefaults = {
    //          default_realm = R
    //      }
    //      realms = {
    //          R = {
    //              kdc = [k1,k2]
    //          }
    //      }
    // }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        toStringInternal("", stanzaTable, sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }
    private static void toStringInternal(String prefix, Object obj,
            StringBuffer sb) {
        if (obj instanceof String) {
            // A string value, just print it
            sb.append(obj).append('\n');
        } else if (obj instanceof Hashtable) {
            // A table, start a new sub-section...
            Hashtable<?, ?> tab = (Hashtable<?, ?>)obj;
            sb.append("{\n");
            for (Object o: tab.keySet()) {
                // ...indent, print "key = ", and
                sb.append(prefix).append("    ").append(o).append(" = ");
                // ...go recursively into value
                toStringInternal(prefix + "    ", tab.get(o), sb);
            }
            sb.append(prefix).append("}\n");
        } else if (obj instanceof Vector) {
            // A vector of strings, print them inside [ and ]
            Vector<?> v = (Vector<?>)obj;
            sb.append("[");
            boolean first = true;
            for (Object o: v.toArray()) {
                if (!first) sb.append(",");
                sb.append(o);
                first = false;
            }
            sb.append("]\n");
        }
    }
}