/*
 * Copyright 2015 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package io.netty.handler.codec.http;

import io.netty.handler.codec.DefaultHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.codec.Headers;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ValueConverter;
import io.netty.util.HashingStrategy;
import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static io.netty.util.AsciiString.CASE_INSENSITIVE_HASHER;
import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.COMMA;
import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.unescapeCsvFields;

Will add multiple values for the same header as single header with a comma separated list of values.

Please refer to section RFC 7230, 3.2.2.
/**
 * Will add multiple values for the same header as single header with a comma separated list of values.
 * <p>
 * Please refer to section <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.2">RFC 7230, 3.2.2</a>.
 */
public class CombinedHttpHeaders extends DefaultHttpHeaders {
    public CombinedHttpHeaders(boolean validate) {
        super(new CombinedHttpHeadersImpl(CASE_INSENSITIVE_HASHER, valueConverter(validate), nameValidator(validate)));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsValue(CharSequence name, CharSequence value, boolean ignoreCase) {
        return super.containsValue(name, StringUtil.trimOws(value), ignoreCase);
    }

    private static final class CombinedHttpHeadersImpl
            extends DefaultHeaders<CharSequence, CharSequence, CombinedHttpHeadersImpl> {
        
An estimate of the size of a header value.
/**
         * An estimate of the size of a header value.
         */
        private static final int VALUE_LENGTH_ESTIMATE = 10;
        private CsvValueEscaper<Object> objectEscaper;
        private CsvValueEscaper<CharSequence> charSequenceEscaper;

        private CsvValueEscaper<Object> objectEscaper() {
            if (objectEscaper == null) {
                objectEscaper = new CsvValueEscaper<Object>() {
                    @Override
                    public CharSequence escape(Object value) {
                        return StringUtil.escapeCsv(valueConverter().convertObject(value), true);
                    }
                };
            }
            return objectEscaper;
        }

        private CsvValueEscaper<CharSequence> charSequenceEscaper() {
            if (charSequenceEscaper == null) {
                charSequenceEscaper = new CsvValueEscaper<CharSequence>() {
                    @Override
                    public CharSequence escape(CharSequence value) {
                        return StringUtil.escapeCsv(value, true);
                    }
                };
            }
            return charSequenceEscaper;
        }

        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl(HashingStrategy<CharSequence> nameHashingStrategy,
                ValueConverter<CharSequence> valueConverter,
                io.netty.handler.codec.DefaultHeaders.NameValidator<CharSequence> nameValidator) {
            super(nameHashingStrategy, valueConverter, nameValidator);
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<CharSequence> valueIterator(CharSequence name) {
            Iterator<CharSequence> itr = super.valueIterator(name);
            if (!itr.hasNext()) {
                return itr;
            }
            Iterator<CharSequence> unescapedItr = unescapeCsvFields(itr.next()).iterator();
            if (itr.hasNext()) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("CombinedHttpHeaders should only have one value");
            }
            return unescapedItr;
        }

        @Override
        public List<CharSequence> getAll(CharSequence name) {
            List<CharSequence> values = super.getAll(name);
            if (values.isEmpty()) {
                return values;
            }
            if (values.size() != 1) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("CombinedHttpHeaders should only have one value");
            }
            return unescapeCsvFields(values.get(0));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl add(Headers<? extends CharSequence, ? extends CharSequence, ?> headers) {
            // Override the fast-copy mechanism used by DefaultHeaders
            if (headers == this) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("can't add to itself.");
            }
            if (headers instanceof CombinedHttpHeadersImpl) {
                if (isEmpty()) {
                    // Can use the fast underlying copy
                    addImpl(headers);
                } else {
                    // Values are already escaped so don't escape again
                    for (Map.Entry<? extends CharSequence, ? extends CharSequence> header : headers) {
                        addEscapedValue(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (Map.Entry<? extends CharSequence, ? extends CharSequence> header : headers) {
                    add(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
                }
            }
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl set(Headers<? extends CharSequence, ? extends CharSequence, ?> headers) {
            if (headers == this) {
                return this;
            }
            clear();
            return add(headers);
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl setAll(Headers<? extends CharSequence, ? extends CharSequence, ?> headers) {
            if (headers == this) {
                return this;
            }
            for (CharSequence key : headers.names()) {
                remove(key);
            }
            return add(headers);
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl add(CharSequence name, CharSequence value) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, charSequenceEscaper().escape(value));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl add(CharSequence name, CharSequence... values) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, commaSeparate(charSequenceEscaper(), values));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl add(CharSequence name, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> values) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, commaSeparate(charSequenceEscaper(), values));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl addObject(CharSequence name, Object value) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), value));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl addObject(CharSequence name, Iterable<?> values) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), values));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl addObject(CharSequence name, Object... values) {
            return addEscapedValue(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), values));
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl set(CharSequence name, CharSequence... values) {
            super.set(name, commaSeparate(charSequenceEscaper(), values));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl set(CharSequence name, Iterable<? extends CharSequence> values) {
            super.set(name, commaSeparate(charSequenceEscaper(), values));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl setObject(CharSequence name, Object value) {
            super.set(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), value));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl setObject(CharSequence name, Object... values) {
            super.set(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), values));
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public CombinedHttpHeadersImpl setObject(CharSequence name, Iterable<?> values) {
            super.set(name, commaSeparate(objectEscaper(), values));
            return this;
        }

        private CombinedHttpHeadersImpl addEscapedValue(CharSequence name, CharSequence escapedValue) {
            CharSequence currentValue = super.get(name);
            if (currentValue == null) {
                super.add(name, escapedValue);
            } else {
                super.set(name, commaSeparateEscapedValues(currentValue, escapedValue));
            }
            return this;
        }

        private static <T> CharSequence commaSeparate(CsvValueEscaper<T> escaper, T... values) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(values.length * VALUE_LENGTH_ESTIMATE);
            if (values.length > 0) {
                int end = values.length - 1;
                for (int i = 0; i < end; i++) {
                    sb.append(escaper.escape(values[i])).append(COMMA);
                }
                sb.append(escaper.escape(values[end]));
            }
            return sb;
        }

        private static <T> CharSequence commaSeparate(CsvValueEscaper<T> escaper, Iterable<? extends T> values) {
            @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
            final StringBuilder sb = values instanceof Collection
                    ? new StringBuilder(((Collection) values).size() * VALUE_LENGTH_ESTIMATE) : new StringBuilder();
            Iterator<? extends T> iterator = values.iterator();
            if (iterator.hasNext()) {
                T next = iterator.next();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    sb.append(escaper.escape(next)).append(COMMA);
                    next = iterator.next();
                }
                sb.append(escaper.escape(next));
            }
            return sb;
        }

        private static CharSequence commaSeparateEscapedValues(CharSequence currentValue, CharSequence value) {
            return new StringBuilder(currentValue.length() + 1 + value.length())
                    .append(currentValue)
                    .append(COMMA)
                    .append(value);
        }

        
Escapes comma separated values (CSV).
Type parameters:
<T> – The type that a concrete implementation handles/**
         * Escapes comma separated values (CSV).
         *
         * @param <T> The type that a concrete implementation handles
         */
        private interface CsvValueEscaper<T> {
            
Appends the value to the specified StringBuilder, escaping if necessary. 
Params:
value – the value to be appended, escaped if necessary/**
             * Appends the value to the specified {@link StringBuilder}, escaping if necessary.
             *
             * @param value the value to be appended, escaped if necessary
             */
            CharSequence escape(T value);
        }
    }
}