/*
 * Copyright 2014 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package io.netty.channel.epoll;

import io.netty.channel.EventLoop;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.SelectStrategy;
import io.netty.channel.SingleThreadEventLoop;
import io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollChannel.AbstractEpollUnsafe;
import io.netty.channel.unix.FileDescriptor;
import io.netty.channel.unix.IovArray;
import io.netty.util.IntSupplier;
import io.netty.util.collection.IntObjectHashMap;
import io.netty.util.collection.IntObjectMap;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

import static java.lang.Math.min;

EventLoop which uses epoll under the covers. Only works on Linux! /**
 * {@link EventLoop} which uses epoll under the covers. Only works on Linux!
 */
final class EpollEventLoop extends SingleThreadEventLoop {
    private static final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(EpollEventLoop.class);
    private static final AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<EpollEventLoop> WAKEN_UP_UPDATER =
            AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(EpollEventLoop.class, "wakenUp");

    static {
        // Ensure JNI is initialized by the time this class is loaded by this time!
        // We use unix-common methods in this class which are backed by JNI methods.
        Epoll.ensureAvailability();
    }

    private final FileDescriptor epollFd;
    private final FileDescriptor eventFd;
    private final FileDescriptor timerFd;
    private final IntObjectMap<AbstractEpollChannel> channels = new IntObjectHashMap<AbstractEpollChannel>(4096);
    private final boolean allowGrowing;
    private final EpollEventArray events;
    private final IovArray iovArray = new IovArray();
    private final SelectStrategy selectStrategy;
    private final IntSupplier selectNowSupplier = new IntSupplier() {
        @Override
        public int get() throws Exception {
            return epollWaitNow();
        }
    };
    private final Callable<Integer> pendingTasksCallable = new Callable<Integer>() {
        @Override
        public Integer call() throws Exception {
            return EpollEventLoop.super.pendingTasks();
        }
    };
    private volatile int wakenUp;
    private volatile int ioRatio = 50;

    // See http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/timerfd_create.2.html.
    static final long MAX_SCHEDULED_DAYS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toDays(999999999);

    EpollEventLoop(EventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, int maxEvents,
                   SelectStrategy strategy, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler) {
        super(parent, executor, false, DEFAULT_MAX_PENDING_TASKS, rejectedExecutionHandler);
        selectStrategy = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(strategy, "strategy");
        if (maxEvents == 0) {
            allowGrowing = true;
            events = new EpollEventArray(4096);
        } else {
            allowGrowing = false;
            events = new EpollEventArray(maxEvents);
        }
        boolean success = false;
        FileDescriptor epollFd = null;
        FileDescriptor eventFd = null;
        FileDescriptor timerFd = null;
        try {
            this.epollFd = epollFd = Native.newEpollCreate();
            this.eventFd = eventFd = Native.newEventFd();
            try {
                Native.epollCtlAdd(epollFd.intValue(), eventFd.intValue(), Native.EPOLLIN);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to add eventFd filedescriptor to epoll", e);
            }
            this.timerFd = timerFd = Native.newTimerFd();
            try {
                Native.epollCtlAdd(epollFd.intValue(), timerFd.intValue(), Native.EPOLLIN | Native.EPOLLET);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to add timerFd filedescriptor to epoll", e);
            }
            success = true;
        } finally {
            if (!success) {
                if (epollFd != null) {
                    try {
                        epollFd.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // ignore
                    }
                }
                if (eventFd != null) {
                    try {
                        eventFd.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // ignore
                    }
                }
                if (timerFd != null) {
                    try {
                        timerFd.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        // ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    
Return a cleared IovArray that can be used for writes in this EventLoop. /**
     * Return a cleared {@link IovArray} that can be used for writes in this {@link EventLoop}.
     */
    IovArray cleanArray() {
        iovArray.clear();
        return iovArray;
    }

    @Override
    protected void wakeup(boolean inEventLoop) {
        if (!inEventLoop && WAKEN_UP_UPDATER.compareAndSet(this, 0, 1)) {
            // write to the evfd which will then wake-up epoll_wait(...)
            Native.eventFdWrite(eventFd.intValue(), 1L);
        }
    }

    
Register the given epoll with this EventLoop. /**
     * Register the given epoll with this {@link EventLoop}.
     */
    void add(AbstractEpollChannel ch) throws IOException {
        assert inEventLoop();
        int fd = ch.socket.intValue();
        Native.epollCtlAdd(epollFd.intValue(), fd, ch.flags);
        channels.put(fd, ch);
    }

    
The flags of the given epoll was modified so update the registration
/**
     * The flags of the given epoll was modified so update the registration
     */
    void modify(AbstractEpollChannel ch) throws IOException {
        assert inEventLoop();
        Native.epollCtlMod(epollFd.intValue(), ch.socket.intValue(), ch.flags);
    }

    
Deregister the given epoll from this EventLoop. /**
     * Deregister the given epoll from this {@link EventLoop}.
     */
    void remove(AbstractEpollChannel ch) throws IOException {
        assert inEventLoop();

        if (ch.isOpen()) {
            int fd = ch.socket.intValue();
            if (channels.remove(fd) != null) {
                // Remove the epoll. This is only needed if it's still open as otherwise it will be automatically
                // removed once the file-descriptor is closed.
                Native.epollCtlDel(epollFd.intValue(), ch.fd().intValue());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected Queue<Runnable> newTaskQueue(int maxPendingTasks) {
        // This event loop never calls takeTask()
        return maxPendingTasks == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? PlatformDependent.<Runnable>newMpscQueue()
                                                    : PlatformDependent.<Runnable>newMpscQueue(maxPendingTasks);
    }

    @Override
    public int pendingTasks() {
        // As we use a MpscQueue we need to ensure pendingTasks() is only executed from within the EventLoop as
        // otherwise we may see unexpected behavior (as size() is only allowed to be called by a single consumer).
        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5297
        if (inEventLoop()) {
            return super.pendingTasks();
        } else {
            return submit(pendingTasksCallable).syncUninterruptibly().getNow();
        }
    }
    
Returns the percentage of the desired amount of time spent for I/O in the event loop.
/**
     * Returns the percentage of the desired amount of time spent for I/O in the event loop.
     */
    public int getIoRatio() {
        return ioRatio;
    }

    
Sets the percentage of the desired amount of time spent for I/O in the event loop. The default value is 50, which means the event loop will try to spend the same amount of time for I/O as for non-I/O tasks. /**
     * Sets the percentage of the desired amount of time spent for I/O in the event loop.  The default value is
     * {@code 50}, which means the event loop will try to spend the same amount of time for I/O as for non-I/O tasks.
     */
    public void setIoRatio(int ioRatio) {
        if (ioRatio <= 0 || ioRatio > 100) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ioRatio: " + ioRatio + " (expected: 0 < ioRatio <= 100)");
        }
        this.ioRatio = ioRatio;
    }

    private int epollWait(boolean oldWakeup) throws IOException {
        // If a task was submitted when wakenUp value was 1, the task didn't get a chance to produce wakeup event.
        // So we need to check task queue again before calling epoll_wait. If we don't, the task might be pended
        // until epoll_wait was timed out. It might be pended until idle timeout if IdleStateHandler existed
        // in pipeline.
        if (oldWakeup && hasTasks()) {
            return epollWaitNow();
        }

        long totalDelay = delayNanos(System.nanoTime());
        int delaySeconds = (int) min(totalDelay / 1000000000L, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        return Native.epollWait(epollFd, events, timerFd, delaySeconds,
                (int) min(totalDelay - delaySeconds * 1000000000L, Integer.MAX_VALUE));
    }

    private int epollWaitNow() throws IOException {
        return Native.epollWait(epollFd, events, timerFd, 0, 0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void run() {
        for (;;) {
            try {
                int strategy = selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks());
                switch (strategy) {
                    case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
                        continue;
                    case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
                        strategy = epollWait(WAKEN_UP_UPDATER.getAndSet(this, 0) == 1);

                        // 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' is always evaluated
                        // before calling 'selector.wakeup()' to reduce the wake-up
                        // overhead. (Selector.wakeup() is an expensive operation.)
                        //
                        // However, there is a race condition in this approach.
                        // The race condition is triggered when 'wakenUp' is set to
                        // true too early.
                        //
                        // 'wakenUp' is set to true too early if:
                        // 1) Selector is waken up between 'wakenUp.set(false)' and
                        //    'selector.select(...)'. (BAD)
                        // 2) Selector is waken up between 'selector.select(...)' and
                        //    'if (wakenUp.get()) { ... }'. (OK)
                        //
                        // In the first case, 'wakenUp' is set to true and the
                        // following 'selector.select(...)' will wake up immediately.
                        // Until 'wakenUp' is set to false again in the next round,
                        // 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' will fail, and therefore
                        // any attempt to wake up the Selector will fail, too, causing
                        // the following 'selector.select(...)' call to block
                        // unnecessarily.
                        //
                        // To fix this problem, we wake up the selector again if wakenUp
                        // is true immediately after selector.select(...).
                        // It is inefficient in that it wakes up the selector for both
                        // the first case (BAD - wake-up required) and the second case
                        // (OK - no wake-up required).

                        if (wakenUp == 1) {
                            Native.eventFdWrite(eventFd.intValue(), 1L);
                        }
                        // fallthrough
                    default:
                }

                final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
                if (ioRatio == 100) {
                    try {
                        if (strategy > 0) {
                            processReady(events, strategy);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        // Ensure we always run tasks.
                        runAllTasks();
                    }
                } else {
                    final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();

                    try {
                        if (strategy > 0) {
                            processReady(events, strategy);
                        }
                    } finally {
                        // Ensure we always run tasks.
                        final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
                        runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
                    }
                }
                if (allowGrowing && strategy == events.length()) {
                    //increase the size of the array as we needed the whole space for the events
                    events.increase();
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                handleLoopException(t);
            }
            // Always handle shutdown even if the loop processing threw an exception.
            try {
                if (isShuttingDown()) {
                    closeAll();
                    if (confirmShutdown()) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                handleLoopException(t);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void handleLoopException(Throwable t) {
        logger.warn("Unexpected exception in the selector loop.", t);

        // Prevent possible consecutive immediate failures that lead to
        // excessive CPU consumption.
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // Ignore.
        }
    }

    private void closeAll() {
        try {
            epollWaitNow();
        } catch (IOException ignore) {
            // ignore on close
        }
        // Using the intermediate collection to prevent ConcurrentModificationException.
        // In the `close()` method, the channel is deleted from `channels` map.
        Collection<AbstractEpollChannel> array = new ArrayList<AbstractEpollChannel>(channels.size());

        for (AbstractEpollChannel channel: channels.values()) {
            array.add(channel);
        }

        for (AbstractEpollChannel ch: array) {
            ch.unsafe().close(ch.unsafe().voidPromise());
        }
    }

    private void processReady(EpollEventArray events, int ready) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ready; i ++) {
            final int fd = events.fd(i);
            if (fd == eventFd.intValue()) {
                // consume wakeup event.
                Native.eventFdRead(fd);
            } else if (fd == timerFd.intValue()) {
                // consume wakeup event, necessary because the timer is added with ET mode.
                Native.timerFdRead(fd);
            } else {
                final long ev = events.events(i);

                AbstractEpollChannel ch = channels.get(fd);
                if (ch != null) {
                    // Don't change the ordering of processing EPOLLOUT | EPOLLRDHUP / EPOLLIN if you're not 100%
                    // sure about it!
                    // Re-ordering can easily introduce bugs and bad side-effects, as we found out painfully in the
                    // past.
                    AbstractEpollUnsafe unsafe = (AbstractEpollUnsafe) ch.unsafe();

                    // First check for EPOLLOUT as we may need to fail the connect ChannelPromise before try
                    // to read from the file descriptor.
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3785
                    //
                    // It is possible for an EPOLLOUT or EPOLLERR to be generated when a connection is refused.
                    // In either case epollOutReady() will do the correct thing (finish connecting, or fail
                    // the connection).
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/3848
                    if ((ev & (Native.EPOLLERR | Native.EPOLLOUT)) != 0) {
                        // Force flush of data as the epoll is writable again
                        unsafe.epollOutReady();
                    }

                    // Check EPOLLIN before EPOLLRDHUP to ensure all data is read before shutting down the input.
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4317.
                    //
                    // If EPOLLIN or EPOLLERR was received and the channel is still open call epollInReady(). This will
                    // try to read from the underlying file descriptor and so notify the user about the error.
                    if ((ev & (Native.EPOLLERR | Native.EPOLLIN)) != 0) {
                        // The Channel is still open and there is something to read. Do it now.
                        unsafe.epollInReady();
                    }

                    // Check if EPOLLRDHUP was set, this will notify us for connection-reset in which case
                    // we may close the channel directly or try to read more data depending on the state of the
                    // Channel and als depending on the AbstractEpollChannel subtype.
                    if ((ev & Native.EPOLLRDHUP) != 0) {
                        unsafe.epollRdHupReady();
                    }
                } else {
                    // We received an event for an fd which we not use anymore. Remove it from the epoll_event set.
                    try {
                        Native.epollCtlDel(epollFd.intValue(), fd);
                    } catch (IOException ignore) {
                        // This can happen but is nothing we need to worry about as we only try to delete
                        // the fd from the epoll set as we not found it in our mappings. So this call to
                        // epollCtlDel(...) is just to ensure we cleanup stuff and so may fail if it was
                        // deleted before or the file descriptor was closed before.
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void cleanup() {
        try {
            try {
                epollFd.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close the epoll fd.", e);
            }
            try {
                eventFd.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close the event fd.", e);
            }
            try {
                timerFd.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close the timer fd.", e);
            }
        } finally {
            // release native memory
            iovArray.release();
            events.free();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void validateScheduled(long amount, TimeUnit unit) {
        long days = unit.toDays(amount);
        if (days > MAX_SCHEDULED_DAYS) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("days: " + days + " (expected: < " + MAX_SCHEDULED_DAYS + ')');
        }
    }
}