/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.j2objc.annotations.ReflectionSupport;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ReflectionSupport(value = ReflectionSupport.Level.FULL)
// Some Android 5.0.x Samsung devices have bugs in JDK reflection APIs that cause
// getDeclaredField to throw a NoSuchFieldException when the field is definitely there.
// Since this class only needs CAS on one field, we can avoid this bug by extending AtomicReference
// instead of using an AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater. This reference stores Thread instances
// and DONE/INTERRUPTED - they have a common ancestor of Runnable.
abstract class InterruptibleTask<T> extends AtomicReference<Runnable> implements Runnable {
  static {
    // Prevent rare disastrous classloading in first call to LockSupport.park.
    // See: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8074773
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    Class<?> ensureLoaded = LockSupport.class;
  }

  private static final class DoNothingRunnable implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {}
  }
  // The thread executing the task publishes itself to the superclass' reference and the thread
  // interrupting sets DONE when it has finished interrupting.
  private static final Runnable DONE = new DoNothingRunnable();
  private static final Runnable INTERRUPTING = new DoNothingRunnable();
  private static final Runnable PARKED = new DoNothingRunnable();
  // Why 1000?  WHY NOT!
  private static final int MAX_BUSY_WAIT_SPINS = 1000;

  @SuppressWarnings("ThreadPriorityCheck") // The cow told me to
  @Override
  public final void run() {
    /*
     * Set runner thread before checking isDone(). If we were to check isDone() first, the task
     * might be cancelled before we set the runner thread. That would make it impossible to
     * interrupt, yet it will still run, since interruptTask will leave the runner value null,
     * allowing the CAS below to succeed.
     */
    Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
    if (!compareAndSet(null, currentThread)) {
      return; // someone else has run or is running.
    }

    boolean run = !isDone();
    T result = null;
    Throwable error = null;
    try {
      if (run) {
        result = runInterruptibly();
      }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      error = t;
    } finally {
      // Attempt to set the task as done so that further attempts to interrupt will fail.
      if (!compareAndSet(currentThread, DONE)) {
        // If we were interrupted, it is possible that the interrupted bit hasn't been set yet. Wait
        // for the interrupting thread to set DONE. See interruptTask().
        // We want to wait so that we don't interrupt the _next_ thing run on the thread.
        // Note: We don't reset the interrupted bit, just wait for it to be set.
        // If this is a thread pool thread, the thread pool will reset it for us. Otherwise, the
        // interrupted bit may have been intended for something else, so don't clear it.
        boolean restoreInterruptedBit = false;
        int spinCount = 0;
        // Interrupting Cow Says:
        //  ______
        // < Spin >
        //  ------
        //        \   ^__^
        //         \  (oo)\_______
        //            (__)\       )\/\
        //                ||----w |
        //                ||     ||
        Runnable state = get();
        while (state == INTERRUPTING || state == PARKED) {
          spinCount++;
          if (spinCount > MAX_BUSY_WAIT_SPINS) {
            // If we have spun a lot just park ourselves.
            // This will save CPU while we wait for a slow interrupting thread.  In theory
            // interruptTask() should be very fast but due to InterruptibleChannel and
            // JavaLangAccess.blockedOn(Thread, Interruptible), it isn't predictable what work might
            // be done.  (e.g. close a file and flush buffers to disk).  To protect ourselve from
            // this we park ourselves and tell our interrupter that we did so.
            if (state == PARKED || compareAndSet(INTERRUPTING, PARKED)) {
              // Interrupting Cow Says:
              //  ______
              // < Park >
              //  ------
              //        \   ^__^
              //         \  (oo)\_______
              //            (__)\       )\/\
              //                ||----w |
              //                ||     ||
              // We need to clear the interrupted bit prior to calling park and maintain it in case
              // we wake up spuriously.
              restoreInterruptedBit = Thread.interrupted() || restoreInterruptedBit;
              LockSupport.park(this);
            }
          } else {
            Thread.yield();
          }
          state = get();
        }
        if (restoreInterruptedBit) {
          currentThread.interrupt();
        }
        /*
         * TODO(cpovirk): Clear interrupt status here? We currently don't, which means that an
         * interrupt before, during, or after runInterruptibly() (unless it produced an
         * InterruptedException caught above) can linger and affect listeners.
         */
      }
      if (run) {
        afterRanInterruptibly(result, error);
      }
    }
  }

  
Called before runInterruptibly - if true, runInterruptibly and afterRanInterruptibly will not
be called.
/**
   * Called before runInterruptibly - if true, runInterruptibly and afterRanInterruptibly will not
   * be called.
   */
  abstract boolean isDone();

  
Do interruptible work here - do not complete Futures here, as their listeners could be
interrupted.
/**
   * Do interruptible work here - do not complete Futures here, as their listeners could be
   * interrupted.
   */
  abstract T runInterruptibly() throws Exception;

  
Any interruption that happens as a result of calling interruptTask will arrive before this
method is called. Complete Futures here.
/**
   * Any interruption that happens as a result of calling interruptTask will arrive before this
   * method is called. Complete Futures here.
   */
  abstract void afterRanInterruptibly(@Nullable T result, @Nullable Throwable error);

  
Interrupts the running task. Because this internally calls Thread.interrupt() which can in turn invoke arbitrary code it is not safe to call while holding a lock. /**
   * Interrupts the running task. Because this internally calls {@link Thread#interrupt()} which can
   * in turn invoke arbitrary code it is not safe to call while holding a lock.
   */
  final void interruptTask() {
    // Since the Thread is replaced by DONE before run() invokes listeners or returns, if we succeed
    // in this CAS, there's no risk of interrupting the wrong thread or interrupting a thread that
    // isn't currently executing this task.
    Runnable currentRunner = get();
    if (currentRunner instanceof Thread && compareAndSet(currentRunner, INTERRUPTING)) {
      // Thread.interrupt can throw aribitrary exceptions due to the nio InterruptibleChannel API
      // This will make sure that tasks don't get stuck busy waiting.
      // Some of this is fixed in jdk11 (see https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8198692) but
      // not all.  See the test cases for examples on how this can happen.
      try {
        ((Thread) currentRunner).interrupt();
      } finally {
        Runnable prev = getAndSet(DONE);
        if (prev == PARKED) {
          LockSupport.unpark((Thread) currentRunner);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public final String toString() {
    Runnable state = get();
    final String result;
    if (state == DONE) {
      result = "running=[DONE]";
    } else if (state == INTERRUPTING) {
      result = "running=[INTERRUPTED]";
    } else if (state instanceof Thread) {
      // getName is final on Thread, no need to worry about exceptions
      result = "running=[RUNNING ON " + ((Thread) state).getName() + "]";
    } else {
      result = "running=[NOT STARTED YET]";
    }
    return result + ", " + toPendingString();
  }

  abstract String toPendingString();
}