package com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.*;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.*;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.WritableTypeId;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.AnnotatedMember;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.ObjectIdInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonFormatVisitors.JsonFormatVisitable;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonFormatVisitors.JsonFormatVisitorWrapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonFormatVisitors.JsonObjectFormatVisitor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonschema.JsonSerializableSchema;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonschema.SchemaAware;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.TypeSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.MapEntrySerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.ObjectIdWriter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.PropertyBasedObjectIdGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.WritableObjectId;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.ArrayBuilders;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.ClassUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.Converter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.IgnorePropertiesUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.NameTransformer;

Base class both for the standard bean serializer, and couple
of variants that only differ in small details.
Can be used for custom bean serializers as well, although that
is not the primary design goal.
/**
 * Base class both for the standard bean serializer, and couple
 * of variants that only differ in small details.
 * Can be used for custom bean serializers as well, although that
 * is not the primary design goal.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public abstract class BeanSerializerBase
    extends StdSerializer<Object>
    implements ContextualSerializer, ResolvableSerializer,
        JsonFormatVisitable, SchemaAware
{
    protected final static PropertyName NAME_FOR_OBJECT_REF = new PropertyName("#object-ref");

    final protected static BeanPropertyWriter[] NO_PROPS = new BeanPropertyWriter[0];

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Configuration
    /**********************************************************
     */

    
Since:
2.9/**
     * @since 2.9
     */
    final protected JavaType _beanType;

    
Writers used for outputting actual property values
/**
     * Writers used for outputting actual property values
     */
    final protected BeanPropertyWriter[] _props;

    
Optional filters used to suppress output of properties that
are only to be included in certain views
/**
     * Optional filters used to suppress output of properties that
     * are only to be included in certain views
     */
    final protected BeanPropertyWriter[] _filteredProps;

    
Handler for JsonAnyGetter annotated properties /**
     * Handler for {@link com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter}
     * annotated properties
     */
    final protected AnyGetterWriter _anyGetterWriter;

    
Id of the bean property filter to use, if any; null if none.
/**
     * Id of the bean property filter to use, if any; null if none.
     */
    final protected Object _propertyFilterId;

    
If using custom type ids (usually via getter, or field), this is the
reference to that member.
/**
     * If using custom type ids (usually via getter, or field), this is the
     * reference to that member.
     */
    final protected AnnotatedMember _typeId;

    
If this POJO can be alternatively serialized using just an object id
to denote a reference to previously serialized object,
this Object will handle details.
/**
     * If this POJO can be alternatively serialized using just an object id
     * to denote a reference to previously serialized object,
     * this Object will handle details.
     */
    final protected ObjectIdWriter _objectIdWriter;

    
Requested shape from bean class annotations.
/**
     * Requested shape from bean class annotations.
     */
    final protected JsonFormat.Shape _serializationShape;

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Life-cycle: constructors
    /**********************************************************
     */

    
Constructor used by BeanSerializerBuilder to create an instance 
Params:
type – Nominal type of values handled by this serializer
builder – Builder for accessing other collected information/**
     * Constructor used by {@link BeanSerializerBuilder} to create an
     * instance
     * 
     * @param type Nominal type of values handled by this serializer
     * @param builder Builder for accessing other collected information
     */
    protected BeanSerializerBase(JavaType type, BeanSerializerBuilder builder,
            BeanPropertyWriter[] properties, BeanPropertyWriter[] filteredProperties)
    {
        super(type);
        _beanType = type;
        _props = properties;
        _filteredProps = filteredProperties;
        if (builder == null) { // mostly for testing
            // 20-Sep-2019, tatu: Actually not just that but also "dummy" serializer for
            //     case of no bean properties, too
            _typeId = null;
            _anyGetterWriter = null;
            _propertyFilterId = null;
            _objectIdWriter = null;
            _serializationShape = null;
        } else {
            _typeId = builder.getTypeId();
            _anyGetterWriter = builder.getAnyGetter();
            _propertyFilterId = builder.getFilterId();
            _objectIdWriter = builder.getObjectIdWriter();
            final JsonFormat.Value format = builder.getBeanDescription().findExpectedFormat(null);
            _serializationShape = format.getShape();
        }
    }

    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src,
            BeanPropertyWriter[] properties, BeanPropertyWriter[] filteredProperties)
    {
        super(src._handledType);
        _beanType = src._beanType;
        _props = properties;
        _filteredProps = filteredProperties;

        _typeId = src._typeId;
        _anyGetterWriter = src._anyGetterWriter;
        _objectIdWriter = src._objectIdWriter;
        _propertyFilterId = src._propertyFilterId;
        _serializationShape = src._serializationShape;
    }

    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src,
            ObjectIdWriter objectIdWriter)
    {
        this(src, objectIdWriter, src._propertyFilterId);
    }
    
    
Since:
2.3/**
     * @since 2.3
     */
    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src,
            ObjectIdWriter objectIdWriter, Object filterId)
    {
        super(src._handledType);
        _beanType = src._beanType;
        _props = src._props;
        _filteredProps = src._filteredProps;
        
        _typeId = src._typeId;
        _anyGetterWriter = src._anyGetterWriter;
        _objectIdWriter = objectIdWriter;
        _propertyFilterId = filterId;
        _serializationShape = src._serializationShape;
    }

    @Deprecated // since 2.8, remove soon
    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src, String[] toIgnore)
    {
        this(src, ArrayBuilders.arrayToSet(toIgnore), null);
    }

    @Deprecated // since 2.12
    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src, Set<String> toIgnore) {
        this(src, toIgnore, null);
    }

    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src, Set<String> toIgnore, Set<String> toInclude)
    {
        super(src._handledType);

        _beanType = src._beanType;
        final BeanPropertyWriter[] propsIn = src._props;
        final BeanPropertyWriter[] fpropsIn = src._filteredProps;
        final int len = propsIn.length;

        ArrayList<BeanPropertyWriter> propsOut = new ArrayList<BeanPropertyWriter>(len);
        ArrayList<BeanPropertyWriter> fpropsOut = (fpropsIn == null) ? null : new ArrayList<BeanPropertyWriter>(len);

        for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            BeanPropertyWriter bpw = propsIn[i];
            // should be ignored?
            if (IgnorePropertiesUtil.shouldIgnore(bpw.getName(), toIgnore, toInclude)) {
                continue;
            }
            propsOut.add(bpw);
            if (fpropsIn != null) {
                fpropsOut.add(fpropsIn[i]);
            }
        }
        _props = propsOut.toArray(new BeanPropertyWriter[propsOut.size()]);
        _filteredProps = (fpropsOut == null) ? null : fpropsOut.toArray(new BeanPropertyWriter[fpropsOut.size()]);

        _typeId = src._typeId;
        _anyGetterWriter = src._anyGetterWriter;
        _objectIdWriter = src._objectIdWriter;
        _propertyFilterId = src._propertyFilterId;
        _serializationShape = src._serializationShape;
    }
    
    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with different ObjectIdWriter. 
Since:
2.0/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with different
     * {@link ObjectIdWriter}.
     * 
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public abstract BeanSerializerBase withObjectIdWriter(ObjectIdWriter objectIdWriter);

    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
set of properties to ignore (from properties this instance otherwise has)
Since:
2.8
Deprecated:
Since 2.12/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
     * set of properties to ignore (from properties this instance otherwise has)
     * 
     * @since 2.8
     * @deprecated Since 2.12
     */
    @Deprecated // since 2.12
    protected BeanSerializerBase withIgnorals(Set<String> toIgnore) {
        return withByNameInclusion(toIgnore, null);
    }

    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
set of properties to ignore or include (from properties this instance otherwise has)
Since:
2.12/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
     * set of properties to ignore or include (from properties this instance otherwise has)
     *
     * @since 2.12
     */
    protected abstract BeanSerializerBase withByNameInclusion(Set<String> toIgnore,
            Set<String> toInclude);

    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
set of properties to ignore (from properties this instance otherwise has)
Deprecated:
since 2.8/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with additional
     * set of properties to ignore (from properties this instance otherwise has)
     * 
     * @deprecated since 2.8
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected BeanSerializerBase withIgnorals(String[] toIgnore) {
        return withIgnorals(ArrayBuilders.arrayToSet(toIgnore));
    }

    
Mutant factory for creating a variant that output POJO as a
JSON Array. Implementations may ignore this request if output
as array is not possible (either at all, or reliably).
Since:
2.1/**
     * Mutant factory for creating a variant that output POJO as a
     * JSON Array. Implementations may ignore this request if output
     * as array is not possible (either at all, or reliably).
     * 
     * @since 2.1
     */
    protected abstract BeanSerializerBase asArraySerializer();

    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with different
filter id (used with JsonFilter annotation)
Since:
2.3/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with different
     * filter id (used with <code>JsonFilter</code> annotation)
     * 
     * @since 2.3
     */
    @Override
    public abstract BeanSerializerBase withFilterId(Object filterId);

    
Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with modified set
of properties.

Note: in 2.11.x, need to keep non-abstract for slightly better compatibility
(XML module extends)
Since:
2.11.1/**
     * Mutant factory used for creating a new instance with modified set
     * of properties.
     *<p>
     * Note: in 2.11.x, need to keep non-abstract for slightly better compatibility
     * (XML module extends)
     * 
     * @since 2.11.1
     */
    protected abstract BeanSerializerBase withProperties(BeanPropertyWriter[] properties,
            BeanPropertyWriter[] filteredProperties);

    
Copy-constructor that is useful for sub-classes that just want to
copy all super-class properties without modifications.
/**
     * Copy-constructor that is useful for sub-classes that just want to
     * copy all super-class properties without modifications.
     */
    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src) {
        this(src, src._props, src._filteredProps);
    }

    
Copy-constructor that will also rename properties with given prefix
(if it's non-empty)
/**
     * Copy-constructor that will also rename properties with given prefix
     * (if it's non-empty)
     */
    protected BeanSerializerBase(BeanSerializerBase src, NameTransformer unwrapper) {
        this(src, rename(src._props, unwrapper), rename(src._filteredProps, unwrapper));
    }
    
    private final static BeanPropertyWriter[] rename(BeanPropertyWriter[] props,
            NameTransformer transformer)
    {
        if (props == null || props.length == 0 || transformer == null || transformer == NameTransformer.NOP) {
            return props;
        }
        final int len = props.length;
        BeanPropertyWriter[] result = new BeanPropertyWriter[len];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            BeanPropertyWriter bpw = props[i];
            if (bpw != null) {
                result[i] = bpw.rename(transformer);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Post-construction processing: resolvable, contextual
    /**********************************************************
     */

    
We need to implement ResolvableSerializer to be able to properly handle cyclic type references. /**
     * We need to implement {@link ResolvableSerializer} to be able to
     * properly handle cyclic type references.
     */
    @Override
    public void resolve(SerializerProvider provider)
        throws JsonMappingException
    {
        int filteredCount = (_filteredProps == null) ? 0 : _filteredProps.length;
        for (int i = 0, len = _props.length; i < len; ++i) {
            BeanPropertyWriter prop = _props[i];
            // let's start with null serializer resolution actually
            if (!prop.willSuppressNulls() && !prop.hasNullSerializer()) {
                JsonSerializer<Object> nullSer = provider.findNullValueSerializer(prop);
                if (nullSer != null) {
                    prop.assignNullSerializer(nullSer);
                    // also: remember to replace filtered property too? (see [JACKSON-364])
                    if (i < filteredCount) {
                        BeanPropertyWriter w2 = _filteredProps[i];
                        if (w2 != null) {
                            w2.assignNullSerializer(nullSer);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (prop.hasSerializer()) {
                continue;
            }
            // [databind#124]: allow use of converters
            JsonSerializer<Object> ser = findConvertingSerializer(provider, prop);
            if (ser == null) {
                // Was the serialization type hard-coded? If so, use it
                JavaType type = prop.getSerializationType();
                
                // It not, we can use declared return type if and only if declared type is final:
                // if not, we don't really know the actual type until we get the instance.
                if (type == null) {
                    type = prop.getType();
                    if (!type.isFinal()) {
                        if (type.isContainerType() || type.containedTypeCount() > 0) {
                            prop.setNonTrivialBaseType(type);
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                ser = provider.findValueSerializer(type, prop);
                // 04-Feb-2010, tatu: We may have stashed type serializer for content types
                //   too, earlier; if so, it's time to connect the dots here:
                if (type.isContainerType()) {
                    TypeSerializer typeSer = type.getContentType().getTypeHandler();
                    if (typeSer != null) {
                        // for now, can do this only for standard containers...
                        if (ser instanceof ContainerSerializer<?>) {
                            // ugly casts... but necessary
                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                            JsonSerializer<Object> ser2 = (JsonSerializer<Object>)((ContainerSerializer<?>) ser).withValueTypeSerializer(typeSer);
                            ser = ser2;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            // and maybe replace filtered property too?
            if (i < filteredCount) {
                BeanPropertyWriter w2 = _filteredProps[i];
                if (w2 != null) {
                    w2.assignSerializer(ser);
                    // 17-Mar-2017, tatu: Typically will lead to chained call to original property,
                    //    which would lead to double set. Not a problem itself, except... unwrapping
                    //    may require work to be done, which does lead to an actual issue.
                    continue;
                }
            }
            prop.assignSerializer(ser);
        }

        // also, any-getter may need to be resolved
        if (_anyGetterWriter != null) {
            // 23-Feb-2015, tatu: Misleading, as this actually triggers call to contextualization...
            _anyGetterWriter.resolve(provider);
        }
    }

    
Helper method that can be used to see if specified property is annotated
to indicate use of a converter for property value (in case of container types,
it is container type itself, not key or content type).
Since:
2.2/**
     * Helper method that can be used to see if specified property is annotated
     * to indicate use of a converter for property value (in case of container types,
     * it is container type itself, not key or content type).
     * 
     * @since 2.2
     */
    protected JsonSerializer<Object> findConvertingSerializer(SerializerProvider provider,
            BeanPropertyWriter prop)
        throws JsonMappingException
    {
        final AnnotationIntrospector intr = provider.getAnnotationIntrospector();
        if (intr != null) {
            AnnotatedMember m = prop.getMember();
            if (m != null) {
                Object convDef = intr.findSerializationConverter(m);
                if (convDef != null) {
                    Converter<Object,Object> conv = provider.converterInstance(prop.getMember(), convDef);
                    JavaType delegateType = conv.getOutputType(provider.getTypeFactory());
                    // [databind#731]: Should skip if nominally java.lang.Object
                    JsonSerializer<?> ser = delegateType.isJavaLangObject() ? null
                            : provider.findValueSerializer(delegateType, prop);
                    return new StdDelegatingSerializer(conv, delegateType, ser);
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("incomplete-switch")
    @Override
    public JsonSerializer<?> createContextual(SerializerProvider provider,
            BeanProperty property)
        throws JsonMappingException
    {
        final AnnotationIntrospector intr = provider.getAnnotationIntrospector();
        final AnnotatedMember accessor = (property == null || intr == null)
                ? null : property.getMember();
        final SerializationConfig config = provider.getConfig();

        // Let's start with one big transmutation: Enums that are annotated
        // to serialize as Objects may want to revert
        JsonFormat.Value format = findFormatOverrides(provider, property, _handledType);
        JsonFormat.Shape shape = null;
        if ((format != null) && format.hasShape()) {
            shape = format.getShape();
            // or, alternatively, asked to revert "back to" other representations...
            if ((shape != JsonFormat.Shape.ANY) && (shape != _serializationShape)) {
                if (_beanType.isEnumType()) {
                    switch (shape) {
                    case STRING:
                    case NUMBER:
                    case NUMBER_INT:
                        // 12-Oct-2014, tatu: May need to introspect full annotations... but
                        //   for now, just do class ones
                        BeanDescription desc = config.introspectClassAnnotations(_beanType);
                        JsonSerializer<?> ser = EnumSerializer.construct(_beanType.getRawClass(),
                                provider.getConfig(), desc, format);
                        return provider.handlePrimaryContextualization(ser, property);
                    }
                // 16-Oct-2016, tatu: Ditto for `Map`, `Map.Entry` subtypes
                } else if (shape == JsonFormat.Shape.NATURAL) {
                    if (_beanType.isMapLikeType() && Map.class.isAssignableFrom(_handledType)) {
                        ;
                    } else if (Map.Entry.class.isAssignableFrom(_handledType)) {
                        JavaType mapEntryType = _beanType.findSuperType(Map.Entry.class);

                        JavaType kt = mapEntryType.containedTypeOrUnknown(0);
                        JavaType vt = mapEntryType.containedTypeOrUnknown(1);

                        // 16-Oct-2016, tatu: could have problems with type handling, as we do not
                        //   see if "static" typing is needed, nor look for `TypeSerializer` yet...
                        JsonSerializer<?> ser = new MapEntrySerializer(_beanType, kt, vt,
                                false, null, property);
                        return provider.handlePrimaryContextualization(ser, property);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        ObjectIdWriter oiw = _objectIdWriter;

        // 16-Jun-2020, tatu: [databind#2759] means we need to handle reordering
        //    at a later point
        int idPropOrigIndex = 0;
        Set<String> ignoredProps = null;
        Set<String> includedProps = null;
        Object newFilterId = null;

        // Then we may have an override for Object Id
        if (accessor != null) {
            ignoredProps = intr.findPropertyIgnoralByName(config, accessor).findIgnoredForSerialization();
            includedProps = intr.findPropertyInclusionByName(config, accessor).getIncluded();
            ObjectIdInfo objectIdInfo = intr.findObjectIdInfo(accessor);
            if (objectIdInfo == null) {
                // no ObjectId override, but maybe ObjectIdRef?
                if (oiw != null) {
                    objectIdInfo = intr.findObjectReferenceInfo(accessor, null);
                    if (objectIdInfo != null) {
                        oiw = _objectIdWriter.withAlwaysAsId(objectIdInfo.getAlwaysAsId());
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // Ugh: mostly copied from BeanDeserializerBase: but can't easily change it
                // to be able to move to SerializerProvider (where it really belongs)
                
                // 2.1: allow modifications by "id ref" annotations as well:
                objectIdInfo = intr.findObjectReferenceInfo(accessor, objectIdInfo);
                Class<?> implClass = objectIdInfo.getGeneratorType();
                JavaType type = provider.constructType(implClass);
                JavaType idType = provider.getTypeFactory().findTypeParameters(type, ObjectIdGenerator.class)[0];
                // Property-based generator is trickier
                if (implClass == ObjectIdGenerators.PropertyGenerator.class) { // most special one, needs extra work
                    String propName = objectIdInfo.getPropertyName().getSimpleName();
                    BeanPropertyWriter idProp = null;
                    
                    for (int i = 0, len = _props.length; ; ++i) {
                        if (i == len) {
                            provider.reportBadDefinition(_beanType, String.format(
                                    "Invalid Object Id definition for %s: cannot find property with name %s",
                                    ClassUtil.nameOf(handledType()), ClassUtil.name(propName)));
                        }
                        BeanPropertyWriter prop = _props[i];
                        if (propName.equals(prop.getName())) {
                            idProp = prop;
                            // Let's mark id prop to be moved as the first (may still get rearranged)
                            // (although it may still get rearranged etc)
                            idPropOrigIndex = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    idType = idProp.getType();
                    ObjectIdGenerator<?> gen = new PropertyBasedObjectIdGenerator(objectIdInfo, idProp);
                    oiw = ObjectIdWriter.construct(idType, (PropertyName) null, gen, objectIdInfo.getAlwaysAsId());
                } else { // other types need to be simpler
                    ObjectIdGenerator<?> gen = provider.objectIdGeneratorInstance(accessor, objectIdInfo);
                    oiw = ObjectIdWriter.construct(idType, objectIdInfo.getPropertyName(), gen,
                            objectIdInfo.getAlwaysAsId());
                }
            }
            // Or change Filter Id in use?
            Object filterId = intr.findFilterId(accessor);
            if (filterId != null) {
                // but only consider case of adding a new filter id (no removal via annotation)
                if (_propertyFilterId == null || !filterId.equals(_propertyFilterId)) {
                    newFilterId = filterId;
                }
            }
        }
        // either way, need to resolve serializer:
        BeanSerializerBase contextual = this;

        // 16-Jun-2020, tatu: [databind#2759] must make copies, then reorder
        if (idPropOrigIndex > 0) { // note: must shuffle both regular properties and filtered
            final BeanPropertyWriter[] newProps = Arrays.copyOf(_props, _props.length);
            BeanPropertyWriter bpw = newProps[idPropOrigIndex];
            System.arraycopy(newProps, 0, newProps, 1, idPropOrigIndex);
            newProps[0] = bpw;
            final BeanPropertyWriter[] newFiltered;
            if (_filteredProps == null) {
                newFiltered = null;
            } else {
                newFiltered = Arrays.copyOf(_filteredProps, _filteredProps.length);
                bpw = newFiltered[idPropOrigIndex];
                System.arraycopy(newFiltered, 0, newFiltered, 1, idPropOrigIndex);
                newFiltered[0] = bpw;
            }
            contextual = contextual.withProperties(newProps, newFiltered);
        }

        if (oiw != null) {
            JsonSerializer<?> ser = provider.findValueSerializer(oiw.idType, property);
            oiw = oiw.withSerializer(ser);
            if (oiw != _objectIdWriter) {
                contextual = contextual.withObjectIdWriter(oiw);
            }
        }
        // Possibly change inclusions: for ignored, only non-empty set matters;
        // for inclusion `null` means "not defined" but empty "include nothing":
        if (((ignoredProps != null) && !ignoredProps.isEmpty())
                || (includedProps != null)) {
            contextual = contextual.withByNameInclusion(ignoredProps, includedProps);
        }
        if (newFilterId != null) {
            contextual = contextual.withFilterId(newFilterId);
        }

        if (shape == null) {
            shape = _serializationShape;
        }
        // last but not least; may need to transmute into as-array serialization
        if (shape == JsonFormat.Shape.ARRAY) {
            return contextual.asArraySerializer();
        }
        return contextual;
    }

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Accessors
    /**********************************************************
     */

    @Override
    public Iterator<PropertyWriter> properties() {
        return Arrays.<PropertyWriter>asList(_props).iterator();
    }

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Partial JsonSerializer implementation
    /**********************************************************
     */

    @Override
    public boolean usesObjectId() {
        return (_objectIdWriter != null);
    }
    
    // Main serialization method left unimplemented
    @Override
    public abstract void serialize(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider)
        throws IOException;

    // Type-info-augmented case implemented as it does not usually differ between impls
    @Override
    public void serializeWithType(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen,
            SerializerProvider provider, TypeSerializer typeSer)
        throws IOException
    {
        if (_objectIdWriter != null) {
            // 08-Jul-2021, tatu: Should NOT yet set, would override "parent"
            //    context (wrt [databind#3160]
//            gen.setCurrentValue(bean);
            _serializeWithObjectId(bean, gen, provider, typeSer);
            return;
        }

        WritableTypeId typeIdDef = _typeIdDef(typeSer, bean, JsonToken.START_OBJECT);
        typeSer.writeTypePrefix(gen, typeIdDef);
        gen.setCurrentValue(bean); // [databind#878]
        if (_propertyFilterId != null) {
            serializeFieldsFiltered(bean, gen, provider);
        } else {
            serializeFields(bean, gen, provider);
        }
        typeSer.writeTypeSuffix(gen, typeIdDef);
    }

    protected final void _serializeWithObjectId(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider,
            boolean startEndObject) throws IOException
    {
        final ObjectIdWriter w = _objectIdWriter;
        WritableObjectId objectId = provider.findObjectId(bean, w.generator);
        // If possible, write as id already
        if (objectId.writeAsId(gen, provider, w)) {
            return;
        }
        // If not, need to inject the id:
        Object id = objectId.generateId(bean);
        if (w.alwaysAsId) {
            w.serializer.serialize(id, gen, provider);
            return;
        }
        if (startEndObject) {
            gen.writeStartObject(bean);
        }
        objectId.writeAsField(gen, provider, w);
        if (_propertyFilterId != null) {
            serializeFieldsFiltered(bean, gen, provider);
        } else {
            serializeFields(bean, gen, provider);
        }
        if (startEndObject) {
            gen.writeEndObject();
        }
    }
    
    protected final void _serializeWithObjectId(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider,
            TypeSerializer typeSer) throws IOException
    {
        final ObjectIdWriter w = _objectIdWriter;
        WritableObjectId objectId = provider.findObjectId(bean, w.generator);
        // If possible, write as id already
        if (objectId.writeAsId(gen, provider, w)) {
            return;
        }
        // If not, need to inject the id:
        Object id = objectId.generateId(bean);
        if (w.alwaysAsId) {
            w.serializer.serialize(id, gen, provider);
            return;
        }
        _serializeObjectId(bean, gen, provider, typeSer, objectId);
    }

    protected  void _serializeObjectId(Object bean, JsonGenerator g,
            SerializerProvider provider,
            TypeSerializer typeSer, WritableObjectId objectId) throws IOException
    {
        final ObjectIdWriter w = _objectIdWriter;
        WritableTypeId typeIdDef = _typeIdDef(typeSer, bean, JsonToken.START_OBJECT);

        typeSer.writeTypePrefix(g, typeIdDef);
        // 08-Jul-2021, tatu: Moved here from earlier place, wrt [databind#3160]
        g.setCurrentValue(bean); // [databind#631]
        objectId.writeAsField(g, provider, w);
        if (_propertyFilterId != null) {
            serializeFieldsFiltered(bean, g, provider);
        } else {
            serializeFields(bean, g, provider);
        }
        typeSer.writeTypeSuffix(g, typeIdDef);
    }

    
Since:
2.9/**
     * @since 2.9
     */
    protected final WritableTypeId _typeIdDef(TypeSerializer typeSer,
            Object bean, JsonToken valueShape) {
        if (_typeId == null) {
            return typeSer.typeId(bean, valueShape);
        }
        Object typeId = _typeId.getValue(bean);
        if (typeId == null) {
            // 28-Jun-2017, tatu: Is this really needed? Unchanged from 2.8 but...
            typeId = "";
        }
        return typeSer.typeId(bean, valueShape, typeId);
    }

    @Deprecated // since 2.9
    protected final String _customTypeId(Object bean)
    {
        final Object typeId = _typeId.getValue(bean);
        if (typeId == null) {
            return "";
        }
        return (typeId instanceof String) ? (String) typeId : typeId.toString();
    }

    /*
    /**********************************************************
    /* Field serialization methods
    /**********************************************************
     */

    protected void serializeFields(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider provider)
        throws IOException
    {
        final BeanPropertyWriter[] props;
        if (_filteredProps != null && provider.getActiveView() != null) {
            props = _filteredProps;
        } else {
            props = _props;
        }
        int i = 0;
        try {
            for (final int len = props.length; i < len; ++i) {
                BeanPropertyWriter prop = props[i];
                if (prop != null) { // can have nulls in filtered list
                    prop.serializeAsField(bean, gen, provider);
                }
            }
            if (_anyGetterWriter != null) {
                _anyGetterWriter.getAndSerialize(bean, gen, provider);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            String name = (i == props.length) ? "[anySetter]" : props[i].getName();
            wrapAndThrow(provider, e, bean, name);
        } catch (StackOverflowError e) {
            // 04-Sep-2009, tatu: Dealing with this is tricky, since we don't have many
            //   stack frames to spare... just one or two; can't make many calls.

            // 10-Dec-2015, tatu: and due to above, avoid "from" method, call ctor directly:
            //JsonMappingException mapE = JsonMappingException.from(gen, "Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)", e);
            DatabindException mapE = new JsonMappingException(gen, "Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)", e);

            String name = (i == props.length) ? "[anySetter]" : props[i].getName();
            mapE.prependPath(bean, name);
            throw mapE;
        }
    }

    
Alternative serialization method that gets called when there is a PropertyFilter that needs to be called to determine which properties are to be serialized (and possibly how) /**
     * Alternative serialization method that gets called when there is a
     * {@link PropertyFilter} that needs to be called to determine
     * which properties are to be serialized (and possibly how)
     */
    protected void serializeFieldsFiltered(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen,
            SerializerProvider provider)
        throws IOException
    {
        // note: almost verbatim copy of "serializeFields"; copied (instead of merged)
        // so that old method need not add check for existence of filter.
        final BeanPropertyWriter[] props;
        if (_filteredProps != null && provider.getActiveView() != null) {
            props = _filteredProps;
        } else {
            props = _props;
        }
        final PropertyFilter filter = findPropertyFilter(provider, _propertyFilterId, bean);
        // better also allow missing filter actually..
        if (filter == null) {
            serializeFields(bean, gen, provider);
            return;
        }
        int i = 0;
        try {
            for (final int len = props.length; i < len; ++i) {
                BeanPropertyWriter prop = props[i];
                if (prop != null) { // can have nulls in filtered list
                    filter.serializeAsField(bean, gen, provider, prop);
                }
            }
            if (_anyGetterWriter != null) {
                _anyGetterWriter.getAndFilter(bean, gen, provider, filter);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            String name = (i == props.length) ? "[anySetter]" : props[i].getName();
            wrapAndThrow(provider, e, bean, name);
        } catch (StackOverflowError e) {
            // Minimize call depth since we are close to fail:
            //JsonMappingException mapE = JsonMappingException.from(gen, "Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)", e);
            DatabindException mapE = new JsonMappingException(gen, "Infinite recursion (StackOverflowError)", e);
            String name = (i == props.length) ? "[anySetter]" : props[i].getName();
            mapE.prependPath(bean, name);
            throw mapE;
        }
    }

    @Deprecated
    @Override
    public JsonNode getSchema(SerializerProvider provider, Type typeHint)
        throws JsonMappingException
    {
        ObjectNode o = createSchemaNode("object", true);
        // [JACKSON-813]: Add optional JSON Schema id attribute, if found
        // NOTE: not optimal, does NOT go through AnnotationIntrospector etc:
        JsonSerializableSchema ann = _handledType.getAnnotation(JsonSerializableSchema.class);
        if (ann != null) {
            String id = ann.id();
            if (id != null && !id.isEmpty()) {
                o.put("id", id);
            }
        }
 
        //todo: should the classname go in the title?
        //o.put("title", _className);
        ObjectNode propertiesNode = o.objectNode();
        final PropertyFilter filter;
        if (_propertyFilterId != null) {
            filter = findPropertyFilter(provider, _propertyFilterId, null);
        } else {
            filter = null;
        }
        		
        for (int i = 0; i < _props.length; i++) {
            BeanPropertyWriter prop = _props[i];
            if (filter == null) {
                prop.depositSchemaProperty(propertiesNode, provider);
            } else {
                filter.depositSchemaProperty(prop, propertiesNode, provider);
            }

        }
        o.set("properties", propertiesNode);
        return o;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void acceptJsonFormatVisitor(JsonFormatVisitorWrapper visitor, JavaType typeHint)
        throws JsonMappingException
    {
        //deposit your output format 
        if (visitor == null) {
            return;
        }
        JsonObjectFormatVisitor objectVisitor = visitor.expectObjectFormat(typeHint);
        if (objectVisitor == null) {
            return;
        }
        final SerializerProvider provider = visitor.getProvider();
        if (_propertyFilterId != null) {
            PropertyFilter filter = findPropertyFilter(visitor.getProvider(),
                    _propertyFilterId, null);
            for (int i = 0, end = _props.length; i < end; ++i) {
                filter.depositSchemaProperty(_props[i], objectVisitor, provider);
            }
        } else {
            Class<?> view = ((_filteredProps == null) || (provider == null))
                    ? null : provider.getActiveView();
            final BeanPropertyWriter[] props;
            if (view != null) {
                props = _filteredProps;
            } else {
                props = _props;
            }

            for (int i = 0, end = props.length; i < end; ++i) {
                BeanPropertyWriter prop = props[i];
                if (prop != null) { // may be filtered out unconditionally
                    prop.depositSchemaProperty(objectVisitor, provider);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}