/*
 * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.jdbc.core;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.sql.BatchUpdateException;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Spliterator;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.InvalidResultSetAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.UncategorizedSQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionProxy;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcAccessor;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcUtils;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.KeyHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.rowset.SqlRowSet;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

This is the central class in the JDBC core package. It simplifies the use of JDBC and helps to avoid common errors. It executes core JDBC workflow, leaving application code to provide SQL and extract results. This class executes SQL queries or updates, initiating iteration over ResultSets and catching JDBC exceptions and translating them to the generic, more informative exception hierarchy defined in the org.springframework.dao package. 
Code using this class need only implement callback interfaces, giving them a clearly defined contract. The PreparedStatementCreator callback interface creates a prepared statement given a Connection, providing SQL and any necessary parameters. The ResultSetExtractor interface extracts values from a ResultSet. See also PreparedStatementSetter and RowMapper for two popular alternative callback interfaces. 
Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation
with a DataSource reference, or get prepared in an application context
and given to services as bean reference. Note: The DataSource should
always be configured as a bean in the application context, in the first case
given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.
Because this class is parameterizable by the callback interfaces and the SQLExceptionTranslator interface, there should be no need to subclass it. 
All SQL operations performed by this class are logged at debug level,
using "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" as log category.
NOTE: An instance of this class is thread-safe once configured.
Author:
Rod Johnson, Juergen Hoeller, Thomas Risberg
See Also:
PreparedStatementCreator
PreparedStatementSetter
CallableStatementCreator
PreparedStatementCallback
CallableStatementCallback
ResultSetExtractor
RowCallbackHandler
RowMapper
SQLExceptionTranslator
Since:
May 3, 2001/**
 * <b>This is the central class in the JDBC core package.</b>
 * It simplifies the use of JDBC and helps to avoid common errors.
 * It executes core JDBC workflow, leaving application code to provide SQL
 * and extract results. This class executes SQL queries or updates, initiating
 * iteration over ResultSets and catching JDBC exceptions and translating
 * them to the generic, more informative exception hierarchy defined in the
 * {@code org.springframework.dao} package.
 *
 * <p>Code using this class need only implement callback interfaces, giving
 * them a clearly defined contract. The {@link PreparedStatementCreator} callback
 * interface creates a prepared statement given a Connection, providing SQL and
 * any necessary parameters. The {@link ResultSetExtractor} interface extracts
 * values from a ResultSet. See also {@link PreparedStatementSetter} and
 * {@link RowMapper} for two popular alternative callback interfaces.
 *
 * <p>Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation
 * with a DataSource reference, or get prepared in an application context
 * and given to services as bean reference. Note: The DataSource should
 * always be configured as a bean in the application context, in the first case
 * given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.
 *
 * <p>Because this class is parameterizable by the callback interfaces and
 * the {@link org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLExceptionTranslator}
 * interface, there should be no need to subclass it.
 *
 * <p>All SQL operations performed by this class are logged at debug level,
 * using "org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" as log category.
 *
 * <p><b>NOTE: An instance of this class is thread-safe once configured.</b>
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Thomas Risberg
 * @since May 3, 2001
 * @see PreparedStatementCreator
 * @see PreparedStatementSetter
 * @see CallableStatementCreator
 * @see PreparedStatementCallback
 * @see CallableStatementCallback
 * @see ResultSetExtractor
 * @see RowCallbackHandler
 * @see RowMapper
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLExceptionTranslator
 */
public class JdbcTemplate extends JdbcAccessor implements JdbcOperations {

	private static final String RETURN_RESULT_SET_PREFIX = "#result-set-";

	private static final String RETURN_UPDATE_COUNT_PREFIX = "#update-count-";


	
If this variable is false, we will throw exceptions on SQL warnings. /** If this variable is false, we will throw exceptions on SQL warnings. */
	private boolean ignoreWarnings = true;

	
If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
fetchSize property on statements used for query processing.
/**
	 * If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
	 * fetchSize property on statements used for query processing.
	 */
	private int fetchSize = -1;

	
If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
maxRows property on statements used for query processing.
/**
	 * If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
	 * maxRows property on statements used for query processing.
	 */
	private int maxRows = -1;

	
If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
queryTimeout property on statements used for query processing.
/**
	 * If this variable is set to a non-negative value, it will be used for setting the
	 * queryTimeout property on statements used for query processing.
	 */
	private int queryTimeout = -1;

	
If this variable is set to true, then all results checking will be bypassed for any
callable statement processing. This can be used to avoid a bug in some older Oracle
JDBC drivers like 10.1.0.2.
/**
	 * If this variable is set to true, then all results checking will be bypassed for any
	 * callable statement processing. This can be used to avoid a bug in some older Oracle
	 * JDBC drivers like 10.1.0.2.
	 */
	private boolean skipResultsProcessing = false;

	
If this variable is set to true then all results from a stored procedure call that don't have a corresponding SqlOutParameter declaration will be bypassed. All other results processing will be take place unless the variable skipResultsProcessing is set to true. /**
	 * If this variable is set to true then all results from a stored procedure call
	 * that don't have a corresponding SqlOutParameter declaration will be bypassed.
	 * All other results processing will be take place unless the variable
	 * {@code skipResultsProcessing} is set to {@code true}.
	 */
	private boolean skipUndeclaredResults = false;

	
If this variable is set to true then execution of a CallableStatement will return
the results in a Map that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
/**
	 * If this variable is set to true then execution of a CallableStatement will return
	 * the results in a Map that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
	 */
	private boolean resultsMapCaseInsensitive = false;


	
Construct a new JdbcTemplate for bean usage.
Note: The DataSource has to be set before using the instance.
See Also:
setDataSource/**
	 * Construct a new JdbcTemplate for bean usage.
	 * <p>Note: The DataSource has to be set before using the instance.
	 * @see #setDataSource
	 */
	public JdbcTemplate() {
	}

	
Construct a new JdbcTemplate, given a DataSource to obtain connections from.
Note: This will not trigger initialization of the exception translator.
Params:
dataSource – the JDBC DataSource to obtain connections from/**
	 * Construct a new JdbcTemplate, given a DataSource to obtain connections from.
	 * <p>Note: This will not trigger initialization of the exception translator.
	 * @param dataSource the JDBC DataSource to obtain connections from
	 */
	public JdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource) {
		setDataSource(dataSource);
		afterPropertiesSet();
	}

	
Construct a new JdbcTemplate, given a DataSource to obtain connections from.
Note: Depending on the "lazyInit" flag, initialization of the exception translator
will be triggered.
Params:
dataSource – the JDBC DataSource to obtain connections from
lazyInit – whether to lazily initialize the SQLExceptionTranslator/**
	 * Construct a new JdbcTemplate, given a DataSource to obtain connections from.
	 * <p>Note: Depending on the "lazyInit" flag, initialization of the exception translator
	 * will be triggered.
	 * @param dataSource the JDBC DataSource to obtain connections from
	 * @param lazyInit whether to lazily initialize the SQLExceptionTranslator
	 */
	public JdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource, boolean lazyInit) {
		setDataSource(dataSource);
		setLazyInit(lazyInit);
		afterPropertiesSet();
	}


	
Set whether or not we want to ignore SQLWarnings.
Default is "true", swallowing and logging all warnings. Switch this flag
to "false" to make the JdbcTemplate throw an SQLWarningException instead.
See Also:
SQLWarning
SQLWarningException
handleWarnings/**
	 * Set whether or not we want to ignore SQLWarnings.
	 * <p>Default is "true", swallowing and logging all warnings. Switch this flag
	 * to "false" to make the JdbcTemplate throw an SQLWarningException instead.
	 * @see java.sql.SQLWarning
	 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException
	 * @see #handleWarnings
	 */
	public void setIgnoreWarnings(boolean ignoreWarnings) {
		this.ignoreWarnings = ignoreWarnings;
	}

	
Return whether or not we ignore SQLWarnings.
/**
	 * Return whether or not we ignore SQLWarnings.
	 */
	public boolean isIgnoreWarnings() {
		return this.ignoreWarnings;
	}

	
Set the fetch size for this JdbcTemplate. This is important for processing large
result sets: Setting this higher than the default value will increase processing
speed at the cost of memory consumption; setting this lower can avoid transferring
row data that will never be read by the application.
Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default configuration
(i.e. to not pass a specific fetch size setting on to the driver).
Note: As of 4.3, negative values other than -1 will get passed on to the driver, since e.g. MySQL supports special behavior for Integer.MIN_VALUE. 
See Also:
Statement.setFetchSize/**
	 * Set the fetch size for this JdbcTemplate. This is important for processing large
	 * result sets: Setting this higher than the default value will increase processing
	 * speed at the cost of memory consumption; setting this lower can avoid transferring
	 * row data that will never be read by the application.
	 * <p>Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default configuration
	 * (i.e. to not pass a specific fetch size setting on to the driver).
	 * <p>Note: As of 4.3, negative values other than -1 will get passed on to the
	 * driver, since e.g. MySQL supports special behavior for {@code Integer.MIN_VALUE}.
	 * @see java.sql.Statement#setFetchSize
	 */
	public void setFetchSize(int fetchSize) {
		this.fetchSize = fetchSize;
	}

	
Return the fetch size specified for this JdbcTemplate.
/**
	 * Return the fetch size specified for this JdbcTemplate.
	 */
	public int getFetchSize() {
		return this.fetchSize;
	}

	
Set the maximum number of rows for this JdbcTemplate. This is important for
processing subsets of large result sets, avoiding to read and hold the entire
result set in the database or in the JDBC driver if we're never interested in
the entire result in the first place (for example, when performing searches
that might return a large number of matches).
Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default configuration
(i.e. to not pass a specific max rows setting on to the driver).
Note: As of 4.3, negative values other than -1 will get passed on to the driver, in sync with setFetchSize's support for special MySQL values. 
See Also:
Statement.setMaxRows/**
	 * Set the maximum number of rows for this JdbcTemplate. This is important for
	 * processing subsets of large result sets, avoiding to read and hold the entire
	 * result set in the database or in the JDBC driver if we're never interested in
	 * the entire result in the first place (for example, when performing searches
	 * that might return a large number of matches).
	 * <p>Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default configuration
	 * (i.e. to not pass a specific max rows setting on to the driver).
	 * <p>Note: As of 4.3, negative values other than -1 will get passed on to the
	 * driver, in sync with {@link #setFetchSize}'s support for special MySQL values.
	 * @see java.sql.Statement#setMaxRows
	 */
	public void setMaxRows(int maxRows) {
		this.maxRows = maxRows;
	}

	
Return the maximum number of rows specified for this JdbcTemplate.
/**
	 * Return the maximum number of rows specified for this JdbcTemplate.
	 */
	public int getMaxRows() {
		return this.maxRows;
	}

	
Set the query timeout for statements that this JdbcTemplate executes.
Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default
(i.e. to not pass a specific query timeout setting on the driver).
Note: Any timeout specified here will be overridden by the remaining
transaction timeout when executing within a transaction that has a
timeout specified at the transaction level.
See Also:
setQueryTimeout.setQueryTimeout/**
	 * Set the query timeout for statements that this JdbcTemplate executes.
	 * <p>Default is -1, indicating to use the JDBC driver's default
	 * (i.e. to not pass a specific query timeout setting on the driver).
	 * <p>Note: Any timeout specified here will be overridden by the remaining
	 * transaction timeout when executing within a transaction that has a
	 * timeout specified at the transaction level.
	 * @see java.sql.Statement#setQueryTimeout
	 */
	public void setQueryTimeout(int queryTimeout) {
		this.queryTimeout = queryTimeout;
	}

	
Return the query timeout for statements that this JdbcTemplate executes.
/**
	 * Return the query timeout for statements that this JdbcTemplate executes.
	 */
	public int getQueryTimeout() {
		return this.queryTimeout;
	}

	
Set whether results processing should be skipped. Can be used to optimize callable
statement processing when we know that no results are being passed back - the processing
of out parameter will still take place. This can be used to avoid a bug in some older
Oracle JDBC drivers like 10.1.0.2.
/**
	 * Set whether results processing should be skipped. Can be used to optimize callable
	 * statement processing when we know that no results are being passed back - the processing
	 * of out parameter will still take place. This can be used to avoid a bug in some older
	 * Oracle JDBC drivers like 10.1.0.2.
	 */
	public void setSkipResultsProcessing(boolean skipResultsProcessing) {
		this.skipResultsProcessing = skipResultsProcessing;
	}

	
Return whether results processing should be skipped.
/**
	 * Return whether results processing should be skipped.
	 */
	public boolean isSkipResultsProcessing() {
		return this.skipResultsProcessing;
	}

	
Set whether undeclared results should be skipped.
/**
	 * Set whether undeclared results should be skipped.
	 */
	public void setSkipUndeclaredResults(boolean skipUndeclaredResults) {
		this.skipUndeclaredResults = skipUndeclaredResults;
	}

	
Return whether undeclared results should be skipped.
/**
	 * Return whether undeclared results should be skipped.
	 */
	public boolean isSkipUndeclaredResults() {
		return this.skipUndeclaredResults;
	}

	
Set whether execution of a CallableStatement will return the results in a Map
that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
/**
	 * Set whether execution of a CallableStatement will return the results in a Map
	 * that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
	 */
	public void setResultsMapCaseInsensitive(boolean resultsMapCaseInsensitive) {
		this.resultsMapCaseInsensitive = resultsMapCaseInsensitive;
	}

	
Return whether execution of a CallableStatement will return the results in a Map
that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
/**
	 * Return whether execution of a CallableStatement will return the results in a Map
	 * that uses case insensitive names for the parameters.
	 */
	public boolean isResultsMapCaseInsensitive() {
		return this.resultsMapCaseInsensitive;
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with a plain java.sql.Connection
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(ConnectionCallback<T> action) throws DataAccessException {
		Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");

		Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(obtainDataSource());
		try {
			// Create close-suppressing Connection proxy, also preparing returned Statements.
			Connection conToUse = createConnectionProxy(con);
			return action.doInConnection(conToUse);
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			// Release Connection early, to avoid potential connection pool deadlock
			// in the case when the exception translator hasn't been initialized yet.
			String sql = getSql(action);
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			con = null;
			throw translateException("ConnectionCallback", sql, ex);
		}
		finally {
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
		}
	}

	
Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given JDBC Connection. Called by the execute method. 
The proxy also prepares returned JDBC Statements, applying
statement settings such as fetch size, max rows, and query timeout.
Params:
con – the JDBC Connection to create a proxy for
See Also:
Connection.close()
execute(ConnectionCallback<Object>)
applyStatementSettings
Returns:
the Connection proxy/**
	 * Create a close-suppressing proxy for the given JDBC Connection.
	 * Called by the {@code execute} method.
	 * <p>The proxy also prepares returned JDBC Statements, applying
	 * statement settings such as fetch size, max rows, and query timeout.
	 * @param con the JDBC Connection to create a proxy for
	 * @return the Connection proxy
	 * @see java.sql.Connection#close()
	 * @see #execute(ConnectionCallback)
	 * @see #applyStatementSettings
	 */
	protected Connection createConnectionProxy(Connection con) {
		return (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
				ConnectionProxy.class.getClassLoader(),
				new Class<?>[] {ConnectionProxy.class},
				new CloseSuppressingInvocationHandler(con));
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with static SQL (java.sql.Statement)
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Nullable
	private <T> T execute(StatementCallback<T> action, boolean closeResources) throws DataAccessException {
		Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");

		Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(obtainDataSource());
		Statement stmt = null;
		try {
			stmt = con.createStatement();
			applyStatementSettings(stmt);
			T result = action.doInStatement(stmt);
			handleWarnings(stmt);
			return result;
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			// Release Connection early, to avoid potential connection pool deadlock
			// in the case when the exception translator hasn't been initialized yet.
			String sql = getSql(action);
			JdbcUtils.closeStatement(stmt);
			stmt = null;
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			con = null;
			throw translateException("StatementCallback", sql, ex);
		}
		finally {
			if (closeResources) {
				JdbcUtils.closeStatement(stmt);
				DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(StatementCallback<T> action) throws DataAccessException {
		return execute(action, true);
	}

	@Override
	public void execute(final String sql) throws DataAccessException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL statement [" + sql + "]");
		}

		
Callback to execute the statement.
/**
		 * Callback to execute the statement.
		 */
		class ExecuteStatementCallback implements StatementCallback<Object>, SqlProvider {
			@Override
			@Nullable
			public Object doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
				stmt.execute(sql);
				return null;
			}
			@Override
			public String getSql() {
				return sql;
			}
		}

		execute(new ExecuteStatementCallback(), true);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(final String sql, final ResultSetExtractor<T> rse) throws DataAccessException {
		Assert.notNull(sql, "SQL must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(rse, "ResultSetExtractor must not be null");
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL query [" + sql + "]");
		}

		
Callback to execute the query.
/**
		 * Callback to execute the query.
		 */
		class QueryStatementCallback implements StatementCallback<T>, SqlProvider {
			@Override
			@Nullable
			public T doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
				ResultSet rs = null;
				try {
					rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
					return rse.extractData(rs);
				}
				finally {
					JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
				}
			}
			@Override
			public String getSql() {
				return sql;
			}
		}

		return execute(new QueryStatementCallback(), true);
	}

	@Override
	public void query(String sql, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
		query(sql, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Stream<T> queryForStream(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		class StreamStatementCallback implements StatementCallback<Stream<T>>, SqlProvider {
			@Override
			public Stream<T> doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
				ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
				Connection con = stmt.getConnection();
				return new ResultSetSpliterator<>(rs, rowMapper).stream().onClose(() -> {
					JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
					JdbcUtils.closeStatement(stmt);
					DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
				});
			}
			@Override
			public String getSql() {
				return sql;
			}
		}

		return result(execute(new StreamStatementCallback(), false));
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> queryForMap(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(queryForObject(sql, getColumnMapRowMapper()));
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		List<T> results = query(sql, rowMapper);
		return DataAccessUtils.nullableSingleResult(results);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> requiredType) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForObject(sql, getSingleColumnRowMapper(requiredType));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, Class<T> elementType) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, getSingleColumnRowMapper(elementType));
	}

	@Override
	public List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, getColumnMapRowMapper());
	}

	@Override
	public SqlRowSet queryForRowSet(String sql) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, new SqlRowSetResultSetExtractor()));
	}

	@Override
	public int update(final String sql) throws DataAccessException {
		Assert.notNull(sql, "SQL must not be null");
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL update [" + sql + "]");
		}

		
Callback to execute the update statement.
/**
		 * Callback to execute the update statement.
		 */
		class UpdateStatementCallback implements StatementCallback<Integer>, SqlProvider {
			@Override
			public Integer doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
				int rows = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("SQL update affected " + rows + " rows");
				}
				return rows;
			}
			@Override
			public String getSql() {
				return sql;
			}
		}

		return updateCount(execute(new UpdateStatementCallback(), true));
	}

	@Override
	public int[] batchUpdate(final String... sql) throws DataAccessException {
		Assert.notEmpty(sql, "SQL array must not be empty");
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL batch update of " + sql.length + " statements");
		}

		
Callback to execute the batch update.
/**
		 * Callback to execute the batch update.
		 */
		class BatchUpdateStatementCallback implements StatementCallback<int[]>, SqlProvider {

			@Nullable
			private String currSql;

			@Override
			public int[] doInStatement(Statement stmt) throws SQLException, DataAccessException {
				int[] rowsAffected = new int[sql.length];
				if (JdbcUtils.supportsBatchUpdates(stmt.getConnection())) {
					for (String sqlStmt : sql) {
						this.currSql = appendSql(this.currSql, sqlStmt);
						stmt.addBatch(sqlStmt);
					}
					try {
						rowsAffected = stmt.executeBatch();
					}
					catch (BatchUpdateException ex) {
						String batchExceptionSql = null;
						for (int i = 0; i < ex.getUpdateCounts().length; i++) {
							if (ex.getUpdateCounts()[i] == Statement.EXECUTE_FAILED) {
								batchExceptionSql = appendSql(batchExceptionSql, sql[i]);
							}
						}
						if (StringUtils.hasLength(batchExceptionSql)) {
							this.currSql = batchExceptionSql;
						}
						throw ex;
					}
				}
				else {
					for (int i = 0; i < sql.length; i++) {
						this.currSql = sql[i];
						if (!stmt.execute(sql[i])) {
							rowsAffected[i] = stmt.getUpdateCount();
						}
						else {
							throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Invalid batch SQL statement: " + sql[i]);
						}
					}
				}
				return rowsAffected;
			}

			private String appendSql(@Nullable String sql, String statement) {
				return (StringUtils.hasLength(sql) ? sql + "; " + statement : statement);
			}

			@Override
			@Nullable
			public String getSql() {
				return this.currSql;
			}
		}

		int[] result = execute(new BatchUpdateStatementCallback(), true);
		Assert.state(result != null, "No update counts");
		return result;
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with prepared statements
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Nullable
	private <T> T execute(PreparedStatementCreator psc, PreparedStatementCallback<T> action, boolean closeResources)
			throws DataAccessException {

		Assert.notNull(psc, "PreparedStatementCreator must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			String sql = getSql(psc);
			logger.debug("Executing prepared SQL statement" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql + "]" : ""));
		}

		Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(obtainDataSource());
		PreparedStatement ps = null;
		try {
			ps = psc.createPreparedStatement(con);
			applyStatementSettings(ps);
			T result = action.doInPreparedStatement(ps);
			handleWarnings(ps);
			return result;
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			// Release Connection early, to avoid potential connection pool deadlock
			// in the case when the exception translator hasn't been initialized yet.
			if (psc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
				((ParameterDisposer) psc).cleanupParameters();
			}
			String sql = getSql(psc);
			psc = null;
			JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);
			ps = null;
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			con = null;
			throw translateException("PreparedStatementCallback", sql, ex);
		}
		finally {
			if (closeResources) {
				if (psc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
					((ParameterDisposer) psc).cleanupParameters();
				}
				JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);
				DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(PreparedStatementCreator psc, PreparedStatementCallback<T> action)
			throws DataAccessException {

		return execute(psc, action, true);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(String sql, PreparedStatementCallback<T> action) throws DataAccessException {
		return execute(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), action, true);
	}

	
Query using a prepared statement, allowing for a PreparedStatementCreator
and a PreparedStatementSetter. Most other query methods use this method,
but application code will always work with either a creator or a setter.
Params:
psc – a callback that creates a PreparedStatement given a Connection
pss – a callback that knows how to set values on the prepared statement. If this is null, the SQL will be assumed to contain no bind parameters.
rse – a callback that will extract results
Throws:
DataAccessException – if there is any problem
Returns:
an arbitrary result object, as returned by the ResultSetExtractor/**
	 * Query using a prepared statement, allowing for a PreparedStatementCreator
	 * and a PreparedStatementSetter. Most other query methods use this method,
	 * but application code will always work with either a creator or a setter.
	 * @param psc a callback that creates a PreparedStatement given a Connection
	 * @param pss a callback that knows how to set values on the prepared statement.
	 * If this is {@code null}, the SQL will be assumed to contain no bind parameters.
	 * @param rse a callback that will extract results
	 * @return an arbitrary result object, as returned by the ResultSetExtractor
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem
	 */
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(
			PreparedStatementCreator psc, @Nullable final PreparedStatementSetter pss, final ResultSetExtractor<T> rse)
			throws DataAccessException {

		Assert.notNull(rse, "ResultSetExtractor must not be null");
		logger.debug("Executing prepared SQL query");

		return execute(psc, new PreparedStatementCallback<T>() {
			@Override
			@Nullable
			public T doInPreparedStatement(PreparedStatement ps) throws SQLException {
				ResultSet rs = null;
				try {
					if (pss != null) {
						pss.setValues(ps);
					}
					rs = ps.executeQuery();
					return rse.extractData(rs);
				}
				finally {
					JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
					if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
						((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
					}
				}
			}
		}, true);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, ResultSetExtractor<T> rse) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(psc, null, rse);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(String sql, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss, ResultSetExtractor<T> rse) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), pss, rse);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, ResultSetExtractor<T> rse) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, newArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes), rse);
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, ResultSetExtractor<T> rse) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rse);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T query(String sql, ResultSetExtractor<T> rse, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rse);
	}

	@Override
	public void query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
		query(psc, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
	}

	@Override
	public void query(String sql, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
		query(sql, pss, new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch));
	}

	@Override
	public void query(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
		query(sql, newArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes), rch);
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	public void query(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException {
		query(sql, newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rch);
	}

	@Override
	public void query(String sql, RowCallbackHandler rch, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		query(sql, newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rch);
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(PreparedStatementCreator psc, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(psc, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(String sql, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, pss, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, args, argTypes, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, args, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> query(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, args, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)));
	}

	
Query using a prepared statement, allowing for a PreparedStatementCreator
and a PreparedStatementSetter. Most other query methods use this method,
but application code will always work with either a creator or a setter.
Params:
psc – a callback that creates a PreparedStatement given a Connection
pss – a callback that knows how to set values on the prepared statement. If this is null, the SQL will be assumed to contain no bind parameters.
rowMapper – a callback that will map one object per row
Throws:
DataAccessException – if the query fails
Returns:
the result Stream, containing mapped objects, needing to be
closed once fully processed (e.g. through a try-with-resources clause)
Since:
5.3/**
	 * Query using a prepared statement, allowing for a PreparedStatementCreator
	 * and a PreparedStatementSetter. Most other query methods use this method,
	 * but application code will always work with either a creator or a setter.
	 * @param psc a callback that creates a PreparedStatement given a Connection
	 * @param pss a callback that knows how to set values on the prepared statement.
	 * If this is {@code null}, the SQL will be assumed to contain no bind parameters.
	 * @param rowMapper a callback that will map one object per row
	 * @return the result Stream, containing mapped objects, needing to be
	 * closed once fully processed (e.g. through a try-with-resources clause)
	 * @throws DataAccessException if the query fails
	 * @since 5.3
	 */
	public <T> Stream<T> queryForStream(PreparedStatementCreator psc, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss,
			RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {

		return result(execute(psc, ps -> {
			if (pss != null) {
				pss.setValues(ps);
			}
			ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
			Connection con = ps.getConnection();
			return new ResultSetSpliterator<>(rs, rowMapper).stream().onClose(() -> {
				JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
				if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
					((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
				}
				JdbcUtils.closeStatement(ps);
				DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			});
		}, false));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Stream<T> queryForStream(PreparedStatementCreator psc, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForStream(psc, null, rowMapper);
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Stream<T> queryForStream(String sql, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForStream(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), pss, rowMapper);
	}

	@Override
	public <T> Stream<T> queryForStream(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForStream(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args), rowMapper);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, RowMapper<T> rowMapper)
			throws DataAccessException {

		List<T> results = query(sql, args, argTypes, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper, 1));
		return DataAccessUtils.nullableSingleResult(results);
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
		List<T> results = query(sql, args, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper, 1));
		return DataAccessUtils.nullableSingleResult(results);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		List<T> results = query(sql, args, new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper, 1));
		return DataAccessUtils.nullableSingleResult(results);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, Class<T> requiredType)
			throws DataAccessException {

		return queryForObject(sql, args, argTypes, getSingleColumnRowMapper(requiredType));
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, Class<T> requiredType) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForObject(sql, args, getSingleColumnRowMapper(requiredType));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return queryForObject(sql, args, getSingleColumnRowMapper(requiredType));
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> queryForMap(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(queryForObject(sql, args, argTypes, getColumnMapRowMapper()));
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> queryForMap(String sql, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(queryForObject(sql, args, getColumnMapRowMapper()));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes, Class<T> elementType) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, args, argTypes, getSingleColumnRowMapper(elementType));
	}

	@Deprecated
	@Override
	public <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, @Nullable Object[] args, Class<T> elementType) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, args, getSingleColumnRowMapper(elementType));
	}

	@Override
	public <T> List<T> queryForList(String sql, Class<T> elementType, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, args, getSingleColumnRowMapper(elementType));
	}

	@Override
	public List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, args, argTypes, getColumnMapRowMapper());
	}

	@Override
	public List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return query(sql, args, getColumnMapRowMapper());
	}

	@Override
	public SqlRowSet queryForRowSet(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, args, argTypes, new SqlRowSetResultSetExtractor()));
	}

	@Override
	public SqlRowSet queryForRowSet(String sql, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return result(query(sql, args, new SqlRowSetResultSetExtractor()));
	}

	protected int update(final PreparedStatementCreator psc, @Nullable final PreparedStatementSetter pss)
			throws DataAccessException {

		logger.debug("Executing prepared SQL update");

		return updateCount(execute(psc, ps -> {
			try {
				if (pss != null) {
					pss.setValues(ps);
				}
				int rows = ps.executeUpdate();
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("SQL update affected " + rows + " rows");
				}
				return rows;
			}
			finally {
				if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
					((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
				}
			}
		}, true));
	}

	@Override
	public int update(PreparedStatementCreator psc) throws DataAccessException {
		return update(psc, (PreparedStatementSetter) null);
	}

	@Override
	public int update(final PreparedStatementCreator psc, final KeyHolder generatedKeyHolder)
			throws DataAccessException {

		Assert.notNull(generatedKeyHolder, "KeyHolder must not be null");
		logger.debug("Executing SQL update and returning generated keys");

		return updateCount(execute(psc, ps -> {
			int rows = ps.executeUpdate();
			List<Map<String, Object>> generatedKeys = generatedKeyHolder.getKeyList();
			generatedKeys.clear();
			ResultSet keys = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
			if (keys != null) {
				try {
					RowMapperResultSetExtractor<Map<String, Object>> rse =
							new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(getColumnMapRowMapper(), 1);
					generatedKeys.addAll(result(rse.extractData(keys)));
				}
				finally {
					JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(keys);
				}
			}
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("SQL update affected " + rows + " rows and returned " + generatedKeys.size() + " keys");
			}
			return rows;
		}, true));
	}

	@Override
	public int update(String sql, @Nullable PreparedStatementSetter pss) throws DataAccessException {
		return update(new SimplePreparedStatementCreator(sql), pss);
	}

	@Override
	public int update(String sql, Object[] args, int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
		return update(sql, newArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes));
	}

	@Override
	public int update(String sql, @Nullable Object... args) throws DataAccessException {
		return update(sql, newArgPreparedStatementSetter(args));
	}

	@Override
	public int[] batchUpdate(String sql, final BatchPreparedStatementSetter pss) throws DataAccessException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL batch update [" + sql + "]");
		}

		int[] result = execute(sql, (PreparedStatementCallback<int[]>) ps -> {
			try {
				int batchSize = pss.getBatchSize();
				InterruptibleBatchPreparedStatementSetter ipss =
						(pss instanceof InterruptibleBatchPreparedStatementSetter ?
						(InterruptibleBatchPreparedStatementSetter) pss : null);
				if (JdbcUtils.supportsBatchUpdates(ps.getConnection())) {
					for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
						pss.setValues(ps, i);
						if (ipss != null && ipss.isBatchExhausted(i)) {
							break;
						}
						ps.addBatch();
					}
					return ps.executeBatch();
				}
				else {
					List<Integer> rowsAffected = new ArrayList<>();
					for (int i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
						pss.setValues(ps, i);
						if (ipss != null && ipss.isBatchExhausted(i)) {
							break;
						}
						rowsAffected.add(ps.executeUpdate());
					}
					int[] rowsAffectedArray = new int[rowsAffected.size()];
					for (int i = 0; i < rowsAffectedArray.length; i++) {
						rowsAffectedArray[i] = rowsAffected.get(i);
					}
					return rowsAffectedArray;
				}
			}
			finally {
				if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
					((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
				}
			}
		});

		Assert.state(result != null, "No result array");
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public int[] batchUpdate(String sql, List<Object[]> batchArgs) throws DataAccessException {
		return batchUpdate(sql, batchArgs, new int[0]);
	}

	@Override
	public int[] batchUpdate(String sql, List<Object[]> batchArgs, final int[] argTypes) throws DataAccessException {
		if (batchArgs.isEmpty()) {
			return new int[0];
		}

		return batchUpdate(
				sql,
				new BatchPreparedStatementSetter() {
					@Override
					public void setValues(PreparedStatement ps, int i) throws SQLException {
						Object[] values = batchArgs.get(i);
						int colIndex = 0;
						for (Object value : values) {
							colIndex++;
							if (value instanceof SqlParameterValue) {
								SqlParameterValue paramValue = (SqlParameterValue) value;
								StatementCreatorUtils.setParameterValue(ps, colIndex, paramValue, paramValue.getValue());
							}
							else {
								int colType;
								if (argTypes.length < colIndex) {
									colType = SqlTypeValue.TYPE_UNKNOWN;
								}
								else {
									colType = argTypes[colIndex - 1];
								}
								StatementCreatorUtils.setParameterValue(ps, colIndex, colType, value);
							}
						}
					}
					@Override
					public int getBatchSize() {
						return batchArgs.size();
					}
				});
	}

	@Override
	public <T> int[][] batchUpdate(String sql, final Collection<T> batchArgs, final int batchSize,
			final ParameterizedPreparedStatementSetter<T> pss) throws DataAccessException {

		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Executing SQL batch update [" + sql + "] with a batch size of " + batchSize);
		}
		int[][] result = execute(sql, (PreparedStatementCallback<int[][]>) ps -> {
			List<int[]> rowsAffected = new ArrayList<>();
			try {
				boolean batchSupported = JdbcUtils.supportsBatchUpdates(ps.getConnection());
				int n = 0;
				for (T obj : batchArgs) {
					pss.setValues(ps, obj);
					n++;
					if (batchSupported) {
						ps.addBatch();
						if (n % batchSize == 0 || n == batchArgs.size()) {
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								int batchIdx = (n % batchSize == 0) ? n / batchSize : (n / batchSize) + 1;
								int items = n - ((n % batchSize == 0) ? n / batchSize - 1 : (n / batchSize)) * batchSize;
								logger.trace("Sending SQL batch update #" + batchIdx + " with " + items + " items");
							}
							rowsAffected.add(ps.executeBatch());
						}
					}
					else {
						int i = ps.executeUpdate();
						rowsAffected.add(new int[] {i});
					}
				}
				int[][] result1 = new int[rowsAffected.size()][];
				for (int i = 0; i < result1.length; i++) {
					result1[i] = rowsAffected.get(i);
				}
				return result1;
			}
			finally {
				if (pss instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
					((ParameterDisposer) pss).cleanupParameters();
				}
			}
		});

		Assert.state(result != null, "No result array");
		return result;
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with callable statements
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(CallableStatementCreator csc, CallableStatementCallback<T> action)
			throws DataAccessException {

		Assert.notNull(csc, "CallableStatementCreator must not be null");
		Assert.notNull(action, "Callback object must not be null");
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			String sql = getSql(csc);
			logger.debug("Calling stored procedure" + (sql != null ? " [" + sql  + "]" : ""));
		}

		Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(obtainDataSource());
		CallableStatement cs = null;
		try {
			cs = csc.createCallableStatement(con);
			applyStatementSettings(cs);
			T result = action.doInCallableStatement(cs);
			handleWarnings(cs);
			return result;
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			// Release Connection early, to avoid potential connection pool deadlock
			// in the case when the exception translator hasn't been initialized yet.
			if (csc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
				((ParameterDisposer) csc).cleanupParameters();
			}
			String sql = getSql(csc);
			csc = null;
			JdbcUtils.closeStatement(cs);
			cs = null;
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
			con = null;
			throw translateException("CallableStatementCallback", sql, ex);
		}
		finally {
			if (csc instanceof ParameterDisposer) {
				((ParameterDisposer) csc).cleanupParameters();
			}
			JdbcUtils.closeStatement(cs);
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, getDataSource());
		}
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public <T> T execute(String callString, CallableStatementCallback<T> action) throws DataAccessException {
		return execute(new SimpleCallableStatementCreator(callString), action);
	}

	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> call(CallableStatementCreator csc, List<SqlParameter> declaredParameters)
			throws DataAccessException {

		final List<SqlParameter> updateCountParameters = new ArrayList<>();
		final List<SqlParameter> resultSetParameters = new ArrayList<>();
		final List<SqlParameter> callParameters = new ArrayList<>();

		for (SqlParameter parameter : declaredParameters) {
			if (parameter.isResultsParameter()) {
				if (parameter instanceof SqlReturnResultSet) {
					resultSetParameters.add(parameter);
				}
				else {
					updateCountParameters.add(parameter);
				}
			}
			else {
				callParameters.add(parameter);
			}
		}

		Map<String, Object> result = execute(csc, cs -> {
			boolean retVal = cs.execute();
			int updateCount = cs.getUpdateCount();
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("CallableStatement.execute() returned '" + retVal + "'");
				logger.trace("CallableStatement.getUpdateCount() returned " + updateCount);
			}
			Map<String, Object> resultsMap = createResultsMap();
			if (retVal || updateCount != -1) {
				resultsMap.putAll(extractReturnedResults(cs, updateCountParameters, resultSetParameters, updateCount));
			}
			resultsMap.putAll(extractOutputParameters(cs, callParameters));
			return resultsMap;
		});

		Assert.state(result != null, "No result map");
		return result;
	}

	
Extract returned ResultSets from the completed stored procedure.
Params:
cs – a JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
updateCountParameters – the parameter list of declared update count parameters for the stored procedure
resultSetParameters – the parameter list of declared resultSet parameters for the stored procedure
Returns:
a Map that contains returned results/**
	 * Extract returned ResultSets from the completed stored procedure.
	 * @param cs a JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
	 * @param updateCountParameters the parameter list of declared update count parameters for the stored procedure
	 * @param resultSetParameters the parameter list of declared resultSet parameters for the stored procedure
	 * @return a Map that contains returned results
	 */
	protected Map<String, Object> extractReturnedResults(CallableStatement cs,
			@Nullable List<SqlParameter> updateCountParameters, @Nullable List<SqlParameter> resultSetParameters,
			int updateCount) throws SQLException {

		Map<String, Object> results = new LinkedHashMap<>(4);
		int rsIndex = 0;
		int updateIndex = 0;
		boolean moreResults;
		if (!this.skipResultsProcessing) {
			do {
				if (updateCount == -1) {
					if (resultSetParameters != null && resultSetParameters.size() > rsIndex) {
						SqlReturnResultSet declaredRsParam = (SqlReturnResultSet) resultSetParameters.get(rsIndex);
						results.putAll(processResultSet(cs.getResultSet(), declaredRsParam));
						rsIndex++;
					}
					else {
						if (!this.skipUndeclaredResults) {
							String rsName = RETURN_RESULT_SET_PREFIX + (rsIndex + 1);
							SqlReturnResultSet undeclaredRsParam = new SqlReturnResultSet(rsName, getColumnMapRowMapper());
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								logger.trace("Added default SqlReturnResultSet parameter named '" + rsName + "'");
							}
							results.putAll(processResultSet(cs.getResultSet(), undeclaredRsParam));
							rsIndex++;
						}
					}
				}
				else {
					if (updateCountParameters != null && updateCountParameters.size() > updateIndex) {
						SqlReturnUpdateCount ucParam = (SqlReturnUpdateCount) updateCountParameters.get(updateIndex);
						String declaredUcName = ucParam.getName();
						results.put(declaredUcName, updateCount);
						updateIndex++;
					}
					else {
						if (!this.skipUndeclaredResults) {
							String undeclaredName = RETURN_UPDATE_COUNT_PREFIX + (updateIndex + 1);
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								logger.trace("Added default SqlReturnUpdateCount parameter named '" + undeclaredName + "'");
							}
							results.put(undeclaredName, updateCount);
							updateIndex++;
						}
					}
				}
				moreResults = cs.getMoreResults();
				updateCount = cs.getUpdateCount();
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("CallableStatement.getUpdateCount() returned " + updateCount);
				}
			}
			while (moreResults || updateCount != -1);
		}
		return results;
	}

	
Extract output parameters from the completed stored procedure.
Params:
cs – the JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
parameters – parameter list for the stored procedure
Returns:
a Map that contains returned results/**
	 * Extract output parameters from the completed stored procedure.
	 * @param cs the JDBC wrapper for the stored procedure
	 * @param parameters parameter list for the stored procedure
	 * @return a Map that contains returned results
	 */
	protected Map<String, Object> extractOutputParameters(CallableStatement cs, List<SqlParameter> parameters)
			throws SQLException {

		Map<String, Object> results = CollectionUtils.newLinkedHashMap(parameters.size());
		int sqlColIndex = 1;
		for (SqlParameter param : parameters) {
			if (param instanceof SqlOutParameter) {
				SqlOutParameter outParam = (SqlOutParameter) param;
				Assert.state(outParam.getName() != null, "Anonymous parameters not allowed");
				SqlReturnType returnType = outParam.getSqlReturnType();
				if (returnType != null) {
					Object out = returnType.getTypeValue(cs, sqlColIndex, outParam.getSqlType(), outParam.getTypeName());
					results.put(outParam.getName(), out);
				}
				else {
					Object out = cs.getObject(sqlColIndex);
					if (out instanceof ResultSet) {
						if (outParam.isResultSetSupported()) {
							results.putAll(processResultSet((ResultSet) out, outParam));
						}
						else {
							String rsName = outParam.getName();
							SqlReturnResultSet rsParam = new SqlReturnResultSet(rsName, getColumnMapRowMapper());
							results.putAll(processResultSet((ResultSet) out, rsParam));
							if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
								logger.trace("Added default SqlReturnResultSet parameter named '" + rsName + "'");
							}
						}
					}
					else {
						results.put(outParam.getName(), out);
					}
				}
			}
			if (!(param.isResultsParameter())) {
				sqlColIndex++;
			}
		}
		return results;
	}

	
Process the given ResultSet from a stored procedure.
Params:
rs – the ResultSet to process
param – the corresponding stored procedure parameter
Returns:
a Map that contains returned results/**
	 * Process the given ResultSet from a stored procedure.
	 * @param rs the ResultSet to process
	 * @param param the corresponding stored procedure parameter
	 * @return a Map that contains returned results
	 */
	protected Map<String, Object> processResultSet(
			@Nullable ResultSet rs, ResultSetSupportingSqlParameter param) throws SQLException {

		if (rs != null) {
			try {
				if (param.getRowMapper() != null) {
					RowMapper<?> rowMapper = param.getRowMapper();
					Object data = (new RowMapperResultSetExtractor<>(rowMapper)).extractData(rs);
					return Collections.singletonMap(param.getName(), data);
				}
				else if (param.getRowCallbackHandler() != null) {
					RowCallbackHandler rch = param.getRowCallbackHandler();
					(new RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(rch)).extractData(rs);
					return Collections.singletonMap(param.getName(),
							"ResultSet returned from stored procedure was processed");
				}
				else if (param.getResultSetExtractor() != null) {
					Object data = param.getResultSetExtractor().extractData(rs);
					return Collections.singletonMap(param.getName(), data);
				}
			}
			finally {
				JdbcUtils.closeResultSet(rs);
			}
		}
		return Collections.emptyMap();
	}


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation hooks and helper methods
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	
Create a new RowMapper for reading columns as key-value pairs.
See Also:
ColumnMapRowMapper
Returns:
the RowMapper to use/**
	 * Create a new RowMapper for reading columns as key-value pairs.
	 * @return the RowMapper to use
	 * @see ColumnMapRowMapper
	 */
	protected RowMapper<Map<String, Object>> getColumnMapRowMapper() {
		return new ColumnMapRowMapper();
	}

	
Create a new RowMapper for reading result objects from a single column.
Params:
requiredType – the type that each result object is expected to match
See Also:
SingleColumnRowMapper
Returns:
the RowMapper to use/**
	 * Create a new RowMapper for reading result objects from a single column.
	 * @param requiredType the type that each result object is expected to match
	 * @return the RowMapper to use
	 * @see SingleColumnRowMapper
	 */
	protected <T> RowMapper<T> getSingleColumnRowMapper(Class<T> requiredType) {
		return new SingleColumnRowMapper<>(requiredType);
	}

	
Create a Map instance to be used as the results map.
If resultsMapCaseInsensitive has been set to true, a LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap will be created; otherwise, a LinkedHashMap will be created. 
See Also:
setResultsMapCaseInsensitive
isResultsMapCaseInsensitive
Returns:
the results Map instance/**
	 * Create a Map instance to be used as the results map.
	 * <p>If {@link #resultsMapCaseInsensitive} has been set to true,
	 * a {@link LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap} will be created; otherwise, a
	 * {@link LinkedHashMap} will be created.
	 * @return the results Map instance
	 * @see #setResultsMapCaseInsensitive
	 * @see #isResultsMapCaseInsensitive
	 */
	protected Map<String, Object> createResultsMap() {
		if (isResultsMapCaseInsensitive()) {
			return new LinkedCaseInsensitiveMap<>();
		}
		else {
			return new LinkedHashMap<>();
		}
	}

	
Prepare the given JDBC Statement (or PreparedStatement or CallableStatement),
applying statement settings such as fetch size, max rows, and query timeout.
Params:
stmt – the JDBC Statement to prepare
Throws:
SQLException – if thrown by JDBC API
See Also:
setFetchSize
setMaxRows
setQueryTimeout
DataSourceUtils.applyTransactionTimeout/**
	 * Prepare the given JDBC Statement (or PreparedStatement or CallableStatement),
	 * applying statement settings such as fetch size, max rows, and query timeout.
	 * @param stmt the JDBC Statement to prepare
	 * @throws SQLException if thrown by JDBC API
	 * @see #setFetchSize
	 * @see #setMaxRows
	 * @see #setQueryTimeout
	 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils#applyTransactionTimeout
	 */
	protected void applyStatementSettings(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
		int fetchSize = getFetchSize();
		if (fetchSize != -1) {
			stmt.setFetchSize(fetchSize);
		}
		int maxRows = getMaxRows();
		if (maxRows != -1) {
			stmt.setMaxRows(maxRows);
		}
		DataSourceUtils.applyTimeout(stmt, getDataSource(), getQueryTimeout());
	}

	
Create a new arg-based PreparedStatementSetter using the args passed in.
By default, we'll create an ArgumentPreparedStatementSetter. This method allows for the creation to be overridden by subclasses. 
Params:
args – object array with arguments
Returns:
the new PreparedStatementSetter to use/**
	 * Create a new arg-based PreparedStatementSetter using the args passed in.
	 * <p>By default, we'll create an {@link ArgumentPreparedStatementSetter}.
	 * This method allows for the creation to be overridden by subclasses.
	 * @param args object array with arguments
	 * @return the new PreparedStatementSetter to use
	 */
	protected PreparedStatementSetter newArgPreparedStatementSetter(@Nullable Object[] args) {
		return new ArgumentPreparedStatementSetter(args);
	}

	
Create a new arg-type-based PreparedStatementSetter using the args and types passed in.
By default, we'll create an ArgumentTypePreparedStatementSetter. This method allows for the creation to be overridden by subclasses. 
Params:
args – object array with arguments
argTypes – int array of SQLTypes for the associated arguments
Returns:
the new PreparedStatementSetter to use/**
	 * Create a new arg-type-based PreparedStatementSetter using the args and types passed in.
	 * <p>By default, we'll create an {@link ArgumentTypePreparedStatementSetter}.
	 * This method allows for the creation to be overridden by subclasses.
	 * @param args object array with arguments
	 * @param argTypes int array of SQLTypes for the associated arguments
	 * @return the new PreparedStatementSetter to use
	 */
	protected PreparedStatementSetter newArgTypePreparedStatementSetter(Object[] args, int[] argTypes) {
		return new ArgumentTypePreparedStatementSetter(args, argTypes);
	}

	
Throw an SQLWarningException if we're not ignoring warnings,
otherwise log the warnings at debug level.
Params:
stmt – the current JDBC statement
Throws:
SQLWarningException – if not ignoring warnings
See Also:
SQLWarningException/**
	 * Throw an SQLWarningException if we're not ignoring warnings,
	 * otherwise log the warnings at debug level.
	 * @param stmt the current JDBC statement
	 * @throws SQLWarningException if not ignoring warnings
	 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.SQLWarningException
	 */
	protected void handleWarnings(Statement stmt) throws SQLException {
		if (isIgnoreWarnings()) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				SQLWarning warningToLog = stmt.getWarnings();
				while (warningToLog != null) {
					logger.debug("SQLWarning ignored: SQL state '" + warningToLog.getSQLState() + "', error code '" +
							warningToLog.getErrorCode() + "', message [" + warningToLog.getMessage() + "]");
					warningToLog = warningToLog.getNextWarning();
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			handleWarnings(stmt.getWarnings());
		}
	}

	
Throw an SQLWarningException if encountering an actual warning.
Params:
warning – the warnings object from the current statement. May be null, in which case this method does nothing.
Throws:
SQLWarningException – in case of an actual warning to be raised/**
	 * Throw an SQLWarningException if encountering an actual warning.
	 * @param warning the warnings object from the current statement.
	 * May be {@code null}, in which case this method does nothing.
	 * @throws SQLWarningException in case of an actual warning to be raised
	 */
	protected void handleWarnings(@Nullable SQLWarning warning) throws SQLWarningException {
		if (warning != null) {
			throw new SQLWarningException("Warning not ignored", warning);
		}
	}

	
Translate the given SQLException into a generic DataAccessException. 
Params:
task – readable text describing the task being attempted
sql – the SQL query or update that caused the problem (may be null)
ex – the offending SQLException
See Also:
JdbcAccessor.getExceptionTranslator()
Returns:
a DataAccessException wrapping the SQLException (never null)
Since:
5.0/**
	 * Translate the given {@link SQLException} into a generic {@link DataAccessException}.
	 * @param task readable text describing the task being attempted
	 * @param sql the SQL query or update that caused the problem (may be {@code null})
	 * @param ex the offending {@code SQLException}
	 * @return a DataAccessException wrapping the {@code SQLException} (never {@code null})
	 * @since 5.0
	 * @see #getExceptionTranslator()
	 */
	protected DataAccessException translateException(String task, @Nullable String sql, SQLException ex) {
		DataAccessException dae = getExceptionTranslator().translate(task, sql, ex);
		return (dae != null ? dae : new UncategorizedSQLException(task, sql, ex));
	}


	
Determine SQL from potential provider object.
Params:
sqlProvider – object which is potentially an SqlProvider
See Also:
SqlProvider
Returns:
the SQL string, or null if not known/**
	 * Determine SQL from potential provider object.
	 * @param sqlProvider object which is potentially an SqlProvider
	 * @return the SQL string, or {@code null} if not known
	 * @see SqlProvider
	 */
	@Nullable
	private static String getSql(Object sqlProvider) {
		if (sqlProvider instanceof SqlProvider) {
			return ((SqlProvider) sqlProvider).getSql();
		}
		else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	private static <T> T result(@Nullable T result) {
		Assert.state(result != null, "No result");
		return result;
	}

	private static int updateCount(@Nullable Integer result) {
		Assert.state(result != null, "No update count");
		return result;
	}


	
Invocation handler that suppresses close calls on JDBC Connections.
Also prepares returned Statement (Prepared/CallbackStatement) objects.
See Also:
close.close()/**
	 * Invocation handler that suppresses close calls on JDBC Connections.
	 * Also prepares returned Statement (Prepared/CallbackStatement) objects.
	 * @see java.sql.Connection#close()
	 */
	private class CloseSuppressingInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {

		private final Connection target;

		public CloseSuppressingInvocationHandler(Connection target) {
			this.target = target;
		}

		@Override
		@Nullable
		public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
			// Invocation on ConnectionProxy interface coming in...

			switch (method.getName()) {
				case "equals":
					// Only consider equal when proxies are identical.
					return (proxy == args[0]);
				case "hashCode":
					// Use hashCode of PersistenceManager proxy.
					return System.identityHashCode(proxy);
				case "close":
					// Handle close method: suppress, not valid.
					return null;
				case "isClosed":
					return false;
				case "getTargetConnection":
					// Handle getTargetConnection method: return underlying Connection.
					return this.target;
				case "unwrap":
					return (((Class<?>) args[0]).isInstance(proxy) ? proxy : this.target.unwrap((Class<?>) args[0]));
				case "isWrapperFor":
					return (((Class<?>) args[0]).isInstance(proxy) || this.target.isWrapperFor((Class<?>) args[0]));
			}

			// Invoke method on target Connection.
			try {
				Object retVal = method.invoke(this.target, args);

				// If return value is a JDBC Statement, apply statement settings
				// (fetch size, max rows, transaction timeout).
				if (retVal instanceof Statement) {
					applyStatementSettings(((Statement) retVal));
				}

				return retVal;
			}
			catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
				throw ex.getTargetException();
			}
		}
	}


	
Simple adapter for PreparedStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
/**
	 * Simple adapter for PreparedStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
	 */
	private static class SimplePreparedStatementCreator implements PreparedStatementCreator, SqlProvider {

		private final String sql;

		public SimplePreparedStatementCreator(String sql) {
			Assert.notNull(sql, "SQL must not be null");
			this.sql = sql;
		}

		@Override
		public PreparedStatement createPreparedStatement(Connection con) throws SQLException {
			return con.prepareStatement(this.sql);
		}

		@Override
		public String getSql() {
			return this.sql;
		}
	}


	
Simple adapter for CallableStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
/**
	 * Simple adapter for CallableStatementCreator, allowing to use a plain SQL statement.
	 */
	private static class SimpleCallableStatementCreator implements CallableStatementCreator, SqlProvider {

		private final String callString;

		public SimpleCallableStatementCreator(String callString) {
			Assert.notNull(callString, "Call string must not be null");
			this.callString = callString;
		}

		@Override
		public CallableStatement createCallableStatement(Connection con) throws SQLException {
			return con.prepareCall(this.callString);
		}

		@Override
		public String getSql() {
			return this.callString;
		}
	}


	
Adapter to enable use of a RowCallbackHandler inside a ResultSetExtractor.
Uses a regular ResultSet, so we have to be careful when using it:
We don't use it for navigating since this could lead to unpredictable consequences.
/**
	 * Adapter to enable use of a RowCallbackHandler inside a ResultSetExtractor.
	 * <p>Uses a regular ResultSet, so we have to be careful when using it:
	 * We don't use it for navigating since this could lead to unpredictable consequences.
	 */
	private static class RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor implements ResultSetExtractor<Object> {

		private final RowCallbackHandler rch;

		public RowCallbackHandlerResultSetExtractor(RowCallbackHandler rch) {
			this.rch = rch;
		}

		@Override
		@Nullable
		public Object extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
			while (rs.next()) {
				this.rch.processRow(rs);
			}
			return null;
		}
	}


	
Spliterator for queryForStream adaptation of a ResultSet to a Stream.
Since:
5.3/**
	 * Spliterator for queryForStream adaptation of a ResultSet to a Stream.
	 * @since 5.3
	 */
	private static class ResultSetSpliterator<T> implements Spliterator<T> {

		private final ResultSet rs;

		private final RowMapper<T> rowMapper;

		private int rowNum = 0;

		public ResultSetSpliterator(ResultSet rs, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) {
			this.rs = rs;
			this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action) {
			try {
				if (this.rs.next()) {
					action.accept(this.rowMapper.mapRow(this.rs, this.rowNum++));
					return true;
				}
				return false;
			}
			catch (SQLException ex) {
				throw new InvalidResultSetAccessException(ex);
			}
		}

		@Override
		@Nullable
		public Spliterator<T> trySplit() {
			return null;
		}

		@Override
		public long estimateSize() {
			return Long.MAX_VALUE;
		}

		@Override
		public int characteristics() {
			return Spliterator.ORDERED;
		}

		public Stream<T> stream() {
			return StreamSupport.stream(this, false);
		}
	}

}